
Glass_^_6 2-M.T 



/ 

LA'TIN EXERCISES; 



ADAPTED TO 



ANDREWS AND STODDARD'S 
LATIN GRAMMAR, f^^ 



By Er aV ANDREWS, LL, D, 



THIRTIETH K! si (TON. 
REVISED AND CORRECTED. 



BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED BY CROCKER AN U HRKWSTER, 

51 Washington iSlreet. 

1870. 



TAao9r 
'A5 7e 



Entereo according to Act ol Congress, in the year 1855, 

By Crockek and Brewster, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Meissachusetts. 



STEREOTYPED AT THE 
BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE POUNDBY. 



PREFACE. 



fe 



The following Exercises are designed to aid the student in acquiring s( 
familiar, practical knowledge of the Latin grammar in all its departments, 
and to serve as a convenient introduction to Latin composition, both in prose 
and verse. They are so arranged as to correspond with the order in which 
the same subjects are treated in the Latin Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard. 

The work commences with brief exercises relating to the division of Latin 
words into syllables, and their proper accentuation. A correct pronunciation 
of the language depends, in a great degree, on a perfect knowledge of these 
two particulars. The exercises in this department, though occupying the 
first place in the natural order of arrangement, can with propriety be 
omitted by the younger classes at the commencement of their Latin studies. 
Foi- their use especially, the quantities of the penults of such Latin words 
as ic'cur in the Grammar and Reader are carefully marked, and the para- 
diams are divided into syllables, and accented. By strict attention to these 
helps, they will avoid any serious risk of falling into habits of incorrect pro- 
nunciation in the commencement of their Latin course, and may safely 
omit the rules of syllabication, and the exercises designed to illustrate them, 
until they begin to review the Grammar. Whenever they enter upon this 
part of the Grammar and Exercises, however, they should thoroughly mas- 
ter every principle relating to it, before passing on to the other divisions of 
the work. 

The exercises in etymology have exclusive reference to variations in the 
forms of words arising from declension, comparison, and conjugation. This 
department might have been greatly extended, had such enlargement been 
consistent %\ith the limits necessarily prescribed to the work. Illustrations 
of some of the topics here omitted may be found in the etymological part 
of Andrews's First Latin Book. 

The exercises in syntax are divided into two parts, in each of which the 
leading principle of that section of the Grammar which is proposed for 
illustration is quoted at length, while the subordinate remarks and excep- 
tions are merely referred to by their numbers. These subordinate divisions 
of the Grammar should, however, be carefully perused, before entering upon 
the corresponding section of the Exercises. 

In the First Part of the syntactical exercises, (pp. 21-34,) which contains 
only short sentences, designed to illustrate the more important principles 
of syntax, the rules are so arranged as to avoid the introduction of idioms 
not previously illustrated. 

In the Second Part, the order of the sections and inferior divisions of the 
Grammar has been followed, and the number of examples in each case is 
proportioned, in some degree, to the difficulty or importance of the rule. 
To the examples illustrative of the rules are added others designed as exer- 
cises on the more important remarks and exceptions contained in each sec- 
tion. The exercises in this division of the work are divided into two classes.. 
In the first class, the examples are arranged in parallel columns, in such a 
manner that the Latin nouns, adjectives, and verbs, that are to be employed 
in translating the English sentences into Latin, appear on the right of the 
page, in the form in which they are presented in the Lexicon. In preparing 
this class of exercises, the student is required to determine the requisite 

(3) 



4 PREFACE. 

ease of the noun or adjective, and the person, mood, &c., of the verb, and 
thus to construct the Latin sentence according to the principle of syntax 
under which the example occurs. In preparing exercises of this class, he 
is relieved from the labor of choosing the appropriate Latin words, and of 
arranging them in the proper Latin order, since this is already done in the 
column of Latin words on the right of the page. These examples, theie- 
fore, constitute an agreeable exercise in the etymology and syntax of the 
language, and at the same time serve to store the student's memory with a 
copious vocabulary of Latin words and phrases, so associated in his mind 
that they will easily recur to his recollection on reading or hearing the 
equivalent English terms. In addition also to the copia verborum thus 
supplied for future use, each sentence serves as an example of the proper 
mode of arranging words in Latin composition. 

The second class of examples in this department of the Exercises consists 
of English sentences without the corresponding Latin words, but with notes 
designed to aid the student in his choice of words and phrases, and to lead 
him to the right construction. In preparing this class of exercises, the 
student will sometimes need the aid of a good English-Latin Lexicon, but 
should still rely, as far as possible, upon the stock of Latin words previously 
acquired. 

The prosodial exercises will be found exceedingly useful, if studied in 
connection with the sections on prosody in the Grammar, immediately 
before entering on the perusal of the Latin poets. Without such introduc- 
tion, much of the charm of Latin poetry is lost, since, like the poetry of 
other languages, its beauty depends in so great a degree upon the graceful 
harmony of its numbers. Such an introduction is quite indispensable to 
those who wish to cultivate the art of writing Latin verses — an art, as all 
experience has shown, of great utility in improving the taste, and in leading 
to a juster appreciation of the beauties of Latin poetry. 

In the syntactic portion of the work, many of the most valuable materials 
were derived from Dr. Kenrick's Exercises ; the prosodial exercises are 
taken from Bradley's Prosody, but adapted to the corresponding rules in 
Andrews and Stoddard's Grammar. 

In regard to the mode of using this work, much must be left to the judg- 
ment of the teacher, who will of course be guided in this respect by a con- 
sideration of the age and attainments of the student. In general, the 
exercises in etymology and the shorter ones in syntax should be studied in 
connection with the first perusal of the Grammar, and the exercises in the 
Second Part of syntax should be connected with a thorough review of those 
portions of the Grammar to which they relate. In commencing the study 
of this work, it may be expedient, especially for students in the youngei 
classes, to present WTitten exercises ; but subsequently, and especially in 
reviewing it, it is better that oral translations should be made from memo- 
ry, with no other aid than a copy of the English sentences, which are to be 
translated into Latin. If this plan is faithfully pursued, English words 
and phrases will soon become permanently suggestive of the equivalent 
Latin expressions, and the student's mental vocabulary of Latin words will 
be rapidly enlarged. 

The exercises in hexameter and pentameter verses can be commenced as 
soon as the student is familiar with the principal rules of prosody. "With 
these exercises it may be found useful to connect the composition of what 
are called nonsense verses, or lines correctly constructed according to the 
rules of prosody, but without regard to the meaning of the words of which 
they are composed. In this way, an accurate knowledge of the mechanical 
structure of the verse may be acquired, after which the transition to the 
Dom.position of sense verses will not be difficult. 

New Britain, Conn., September, 1854. 



LATIN EXERCISES. 



ORTHOEPY. 



Divide and accent the following words : 

§ 19, Nemo, eques, munus, timor, pauper, foedus, caecus, 
gigas, lucrum, agri, Cyclops, cochli^ consules, homines, 
corpora, optimus, urgetur, cupiditates, amittitur, ambulacrum, 
Themistocles, miserabilTter, aedificatio, athlon. 

§ 20. Peritus, amatus, aud.tus, Heraclea, Heraciides 
muneribus, venerabilis, frugalitas, Gaditanus, egregius, pa- 
tricius, Agrippa, Euphranor, Aglaspis, Atlantiades, athleta, 

§ 21. Genera, aequora, eripi, domitus, Cybele, bibiilus, 
belua, Pasiphae, Pasithea, trahimus, vehemens, acrimonia, 
taceo, persuadeo, haereo, facio, patientia, Palladium, sedeo, 
Mediolanum, doleo, morior, olea, oleaster, Adria, Trinacria, 
producere, munera, laurea, Eupolis, volucribus, publicus, 
publicatio. 

§ 18, 4, & 22, B. Axis, Axona, Ixion, exercTtus, 
nullus, verbum, virtus, doctus, agnus, omnis, scripsi, pastor, 
longissTmus, princTpes, vespera, oblecto, colendus, arundines, 
patrtbus, naphtha, Anacharsis. 

§ 22, C. Lustratio, contemplor, contrarius, planctus, 
contemptor, arthriticus, exemptio. 

§ 2 '', Aboleo, adoro, adigo, amblgo, circumeo, decido, 
diluo, ebibo, eloquor, inaudax, inuro, obeo, obambiilo, pereo, 
oererro, praedTco, prae^ero, profero profluo, prodesse, prodigo, 
1 * 



6 EXERCISES IN ETYMOLOGl. 

redeo, redigo, relevo, subactus, subitus, suborrio, — rupi 
capra, agricola, millepeda, capripes, noctivagus, centimanus, 
misericors, breviloquens, superstes, aedifico, maledico, mul- 
timodis, quomodo, cominus, propediem, quilibet, aliciibi, 
prsBterea, sicubi, quamobrem. 

Scientia nulla res est praestantior. Obsequium amicos, 
Veritas odium parit. 

Ad Csesarem Augustum delatum est, L. Cinnam insidias 
ei struere. Cinnam ad se accersivit, dimissisque omnibus, 
indicium exposuit, adjecit locum, socios, diem, ordinem in- 
sidiarum ; et cum sua in eum beneficia plurima commemo- 
rasset, pro quibus ille infandam caedem paraverat, his verbis 
desiit : " Vitam tibi, Cinna, iterum do, priiis hosti, cum te in 
hostium meorum castris invenerim, nunc insidiatori ac par- 
ricidsB. Ex hodierno die inter nos amicitia incipiat; et 
quam libenter ego tibi vitam do, tam libenter tu mihi earn 
debeas." Post haec, detiilit ei ultro consulatum, questus quod 
non auderet petere ; amicissimum fidelissimumque habuit. 
Heres illi solus fuit : et nullis amplius insidiis ab ullo petitus 
est, id dementia consecutus, quod antea severitate frustra 
quaBsiverit. 



ETYMOLOGY. 

PART I. 

NOUNS. 

The following questions are inserted as examples of exercises on the 
declensions. 

What are the terminations of the several cases in the first 
declension in each number ? — in the second declension 1 — 
in the third ? — in the fourth ? — in the fifth 1 What is the 
termination of the nom. sing, in the first declension \ — nom. 
plur. ? — gen. sing. 1 — gen. plur. ? — dat. sing 1 — dat. plur. "* 

— ace. sing. ? — ace. plur. 1 — voc. sing. ? — voc. plur. ? — 

— abl. sing. 1 — abl. plur. 1 

Similar questions should be proposed in regard to the other declen- 
sions, varyin y their order, till each termination can be readily, given 



ETYMOLOGY TERMINATIONS OF NOUNS. 7 

without reference to its connection ; after which promiscuous exercises 
on all the declensions can be introduced. 

What is the root of aula ? — aura 1 — galea ? — insula 1 — 
liter a ? — luscinia ? — machma 7 — penna 1 — sagitta 1 — 
Stella? — toga? 

What is the root of animus ? — clypeus ? — corvus ? — gla- 
dius ? — numerus ? — puer ? — socer ? — aper ? — faher ? — 
magister ? — antrum ? — helium ? — negotium ? 

What is the root of poema ? — stemma ? — ancile ? — - 
aquilo ? — regio ? — ferrugo ? — formido ? — homo ? — caro 7 
— animal ? — Titan ? — career ? — mel ? — agmen ? — tibi" 
cen ? — f rater ? — crater ? — far ? — hepar ? — cor ? — ebur 1 
— pietas ? — mas ? — ales ? — clades ? — co?nes ? — lebes ? — 
miles ? — seges ? — obses ? — Ceres ? — classis ? — cuspis ? — 
sanguis ? — lis ? — mos ? — custos ? — bos ? — frndus ? — cor- 
pus ? — palus ? — virtus ? — jus ? — laus ? — stirps ? — dens ? 
forceps ? — frons ? — auceps ? — comix ? — conjux ? — lex ? 
apex ? — senex ? — nix ? — nox ? 

What is the root of cantus ? — currus ? — exercitus ? — 
veru ? — Jides ? — spes ? — fades ? 

The student will perceive that the roots of many nouns and adjec- 
tives are not found in the nominative singular. For the purpose of 
supplying the true root, as well as for determining the declension, the 
termination of the genitive singular is given in the dictionary, since, 
in all the declensions, the root may be found by removing the termi- 
nation of this case. 

Give aula, dat. sing. ; cura, gen. plur. ; galea, ace. sing. ; 
insula, abl. plur. ; litera, ace. plur. ; luscinia, abl. isuig. ; mach- 
ma, nom. plur. ; penna, gen. sing. ; sagitta, voc. plur. ; 
Stella, dat. plur. ; toga, voc. sing. 

Give animus, nom. plur. ; clypeus, voc. sing. ; corvus, abl. 
sing. ; focus, ace. sing. ; gladius, gen. plur. ; lucus, ace. 
plur. ; numerus, dat. plur. ; ocednus, dat. sing. ; trochus, dat. 
sing. ; puer, abl. sing. ; Lucifer, ace. sing. ; socer, gen. plur.; 
aper, ace. plur. ; auster, dat. sing. ; faber, nom. plur. ; liber, 
abl. plur. ; magister, voc. sing. ; onager, dat, plur. ; Teucer^ 
abl. sing. ; antrum, ace. sing. ; atrium, nom. plur. ; helium, 
ace. plur. ; exemplum, abl. plur. ; negotium, dat. sing. ; saxum, 
gen plur. ; Tullius, voc. sing. 

Give poema, abl. sing. ; schema, nom. plur. ; stemma, gen. 
plur. ; epigramma, gen. sing. 



8 ETYMOLOGY TERMINATIONS OF NOUNS. 

Ancile, dat. sing. ; mantihj abl. sing. ; rete^ gen. plur. 
ovile, ace. plur. ; aquilo, gen. sing. , bubo, ace, sing. ; regio 
ace. plur. ; oratio, nom. plur. ; ratio, gen. plur. ; latro, abl. 
sing. ; — ferrugo, dat. sing. ; formldo, ace. plur. ; grando^ 
gen. sing. ; origo, gen. plur. ; virgo, dat. plur. ; homo, ace. 
sing. ; caro, abl. sing. 

Animal, nom. plur. ; m^z7, ace. sing. ; Titan, dat. sing. ; 
Siren, ace. plur. ; career, dat. plur. ; calcar, abl. sing. ; />m/- 
vinur, nom. plur. ; — mc/, nom. plur. ; — agmen, dat. sing.; 
crimen, nom. plur. ; carmen, abl. plur. ; gramcn, abl, sing. 

Tibicen, ace. sing. ; — mater, nom. plur. ; frater, abl. 
plur.; accipiter, ace. sing.; — crater, ace. piur. ; — y«r, 
abl. sing. ; hepar, dat. sing. ; cor, nom. plur. ; — ebur, abl. sing. 

Pietas, ace. sing. ; — mas, abl. plur. 

Ales, gen. sing. ; clades, ace. sing. ; crates, dat. plur. ; 
comes, gen. plur. ; «r?e5, gen. plur. ; lebes, nom. plur. ; miles, 
ace. plur. ; vulpes, dat. sing. ; pedes, abl. sing.; seges, abl. 
plur.; — obses, nom. plur.; heres, ace. sing.; Ceres, abl. 
sing. ; «s, dat. sing. 

Classis, ace. sing.; messis, nom. plur.; oms, gen. plur. ; 
pellis, dat. sing. ; vzYz's, ace. plur. ; s/^z.s, ace. sing. ; Aprilis, 
abl. sing. ; — cinis, dat. sing, ; cuspis, ace. sing. ; sanguis^ 
abl. sing. ; lis, nom. plur. ; Quiris, gen. plur. 

Jfo5, abl. plur. ; ros, abl. sing. ; arbos, ace. sing. ; (/o5, ace. 
plur. ; sacerdos, dat. plur. ; — custos, nom. plur. ; bos, ace. 
sing., dat. plur. 

F(£.dus, nom. plur. ; corpus, abl. sing. ; frigus, dat. plur. ; 
munus, ace. plur.; nemus, dat. sing.; vulnus, gen. plur. ^ 
tempus, ace, sing. ; — palus, ace. sing. ; juventus, abl. sing. ; 
virtus, nom. plur.; jms, ace. plur. ; tellus, ace. sing. ; /«ws, 
abl. plur. ; sms, dat. plur. 

Stirps, abl. sing. ; c?en5, nom. plur. ; mons, dat. plur. ; cliens 
gen. plur. ; forceps, ace. sing. ; frons, foliage, ace. plur. 
frons, the forehead, nom. plur. ; auceps, dat. sing. 

Comix, gen. sing. ; conjux, dat. plur. ; crux, dat. smg. ; 
?ex, ace. plur. ; nvtrix, ace. sing. ; frux, abl. plur. ; — apex, 
nom. plur.; index, abl. sing.; pontifex, ace. sing.; supellex, 
ace. sing. ; .sewex, abl. plur. ; wfx, abl. sing. ; nox, gen. plur.,, 
ace. plur.; Thrax, gen. plur. 

Cantus, abl. sing. ; currus, gen. sing. ; exercitus, ace 
plur. ;Jluctus, abl. plur. ; sendtus, dat. sing. ; Zacws, dat. plur. 
veru, abl. sing. ; pecu, abl. plur. ; ^c?cs, abl. sing. ; spes, nom 
olur. ; fades, gen. sing. 



ETYMOLOGY TERMINATIONS OF PRONOUNS. 9 



ADJECTIVES. 

Give alius, abl. aing. fem., nom. plur. neut., ace plur. 
nasc. ; Jidus, gen. plur. masc, ace. plur. fem., abl. plur. ; 
longus, ace. sing, masc., abl. sing, masc, geu. plur. fem., 
ace. plur. neut. ; benignus, voe. sing. masc. ; asper, dat sing, 
masc., nom. plur, neut., abl. sing. fem. 

Miser, nom. sing, neut., nom. plur. fem. ; cBger, nom. plur. 
masc, ace. sing, fem., dat. sing. neut. ; sacer, gen. plur. fem., 
ace plur. masc, dat. ^ng. fem.; alius, nom. sing, neut.; 
solus, gen. sing. ; alter, dat. sing. 

Alacer, nom. sing. neut. ; celeber, nom. plur. masc. ; pa^ 
luster, ace. sing. fem. ; saluber, ace. plur. neut. ; terrester, 
gen. plur. 

Brevis, ace. sing, neut, abl. sing. ; dulcis, nom. plur. 
masc, abl. plur.; omnis, nom. plur. neut., gen. plur.; tres, 
gen. plur., ace plur. neut; altior, dat. sing., ace. sing, neut., 
nom. plur. fem. ; felicior, abl. sing., dat. plur., ace. plur. 
neut. ; gravior, gen. plur. 

Audax, dat. sing., nom. plur. neut., abl. plur. ; ingens, ace. 
sing, neut., ace. plur. fem. ; hebes, ace. sing. masc. ; dives, 
abl. sing., gen. plur.; deses, nom. plur. masc; bipes, ace 
sing, masc ; compos, abl. sing. ; coelebs, abl. sing.; anceps, 
nom. plur. masc, gen. plur. ; pauper, gen. plur. ; senex, gen. 
plur,; concors, dat. sing.; vetus, gen. plur.; uber, ace. plur. 
neut. ; volucer, gen. plur, ; memor, gen, plur. 

What is the root of arctus 7 — its comparative 1 — its su- 
perlative? What is the root of capax ? — its comparative? 
— its superlative ? What is the root of clemens ? — its com- 
parative ? — its superlative ? 

Compare miser, saluber, pulcher. 



PRONOUNS. 

Give ego, ace. sing,, abl. plur. ; tu, dat. sing., ace. plur. ; 
sui, abl. sing., gen. plur. 

Ille, ace. sing, neut., gen. plur. fem, ; iste, dat. sing,, ace. 
plur. fem, ; Mc, abl, sing, fem., dat. plur. ; is, dat. sing., dat. 
plur. ; istic, abl. sing. neut. ; idem, ace. sing, fem., abl. plur. ; 
ipse^ riom. sing, neut., nom. plur. masc ; qui, ace sing, masp., 



1 ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 

acc. plur. neut. ; quicunque, abl. sing, fern., dat, plur. ; quis 
quis, abl. sing, neut., dat. plur. ; quis, acc. sing. neut. ; quis 
nam, acc. sing. masc. ; nunquis, acc. plur. neut. ; cujas, acc. 
sing. ; siquis, gen. sing., nom. plur. neut. ; quisque, nom, 
sing. neut. ; unusquisque, abl. sing. masc. ; quilibet, dat. 
sing. ; quivis, acc. sing. fern. ; quidam, gen. plur. fern. ; mews, 
voc. sing. masc. ; noster, dat. sing. neut. 



VERBS. 

What are the personal terminations of the active voice 1 
— of the passive voice 1 What are the terminations of the 
second and third roots in the first conjugation 1 — second 
conjugation ? — third conjugation 1 — fourth conjugation ? — • 
Give the terminations of the parts formed from the first root 
in the first conjugation, active voice — passive voice — in 
the second conj. act. — pass. — in the third conj. act. — 
pass. — in the fourth conj. act. — pass. 

Give the terminations of the parts formed from the second 
root — from the third root. 

The student should be exercised on the terminations of verbs, in 
each conjugation, voice, mood, tense, person, and number, till he can 
give the required termination of any part, and, on the other hand, can 
decide readily where any given form is found. 

Give the principal parts of the following verbs in both 
voices : — 

Laudo, to praise; muto, to change; voco, to call; com- 
pleo, to Jill; moveo, to move; terreo, to terrify; duco, to 
lead; mitto, to send; jacio, to throw; nutrio, to nourish; 
punio, to punish ; vestio, to clothe. 

Note. Do is a sign of the present tense, did of the perfect indefinite, 
but when it denotes continued or customary action, of the imperfect. 
These auxiliaries are u»?d especially in interrogations. 

A sentence may be changed from the declarative to the interrogative 
form, by prefixing an or num, or by annexing the enclitic ne to the first 
word in the clause ; as, audis, thou hearest ; an audis? num audis? or 
uudisne? dost thou hear .^ 

Give the Latin words correspondmg to the foliowmg Eng* 
lish forms : — 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 11 

ACTIVE VOICE. 

I praise, thou wilt praise, he was praising ; we have praised, 
ye may praise, they had praised. 

I was changing, thou hast changed, he had changed; we 
shall have changed, ye will change, they change. 

T will call, thou mayst call, he would call ; we might have 
called, ye call, they had called. 

I have filled, thou shouldst have filled, he will have filled ; 
we would have filled, ye fill, they were filling. 

I had moved, thou mightst move, let him move ; we may 
move, ye will- have moved, they will move. 

I may terrify, thou wast terrifying, he would have terrified; 
we terrify, ye might terrify, they have terrified. 

I might lead, lead thou, let him lead ; we will lead, ye 
had led, they would lead. 

I may have sent, thou wilt have sent, he sends ; we will 
?end, send ye, they can send. 

I might have thrown, thou hadst thrown, let him throw; 
we would throw, ye will throw, let them throw. 

I shall have nourished, nourish thou, he was nourishing; 
we nourish, ye were nourishing, they will nourish. 

I punished, thou mayst have punished, he had punished ; 
we should have punished, ye punish, they punished. 

I shall clothe, thou shouldst clothe, he clothed ; we have 
clothed, ye will have clothed, they could have clothed. 

I do call, dost thou praise? did he move? do we send? ye 
did terrify, imp., did they punish? 

To praise ; to be about to move ; to have led ; of calling ; 
by sending; to lead, supine. 

§ 162, 14. I was about to praise^ thou mayst be about to 
call, he will be about to lead ; we may have been about to 
throw, ye are about to punish, they would have been about 
to clothe. 

PASSIVE VOICE. 

I am praised, thou wast praised, imp., he will be 
praised ; we may be praised, ye had been praised, they 
were praised. 

I was changed, imp., thou shalt be changed, he had 
been changed ; we would have been changed, ye have 
been changed, they shall be changed. 



12 ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 

I shall be called, thou wilt have been called, he may be 
sailed ; We would be called, ye are called, they should have 
been called. 

I have been filled, thou wilt be filled, let him be filled ; 
we shall have been filled, ye may be filled, they are filled. 

I had been moved, be thou moved, he will have been 
moved ; we were moved, perf.^ ye should have been moved, 
they may be moved. 

I may be terrified, thou couldst be terrified, he was terri- 
fied, imp. ; we would be terrified, ye will be terrified, they 
were terrified, perf. 

I might be led, thou wast led, imp., he has been led ; we 
should have been led, be ye led, they had been led. 

I should have been sent, thou art sent, he will be sent ; 
we have been sent, ye might be sent, let them be sent. 

I would have been thrown, thou mayst be thrown, he is 
thrown ; we shall be thrown, ye might have been thrown, 
they are thrown. 

I shall have been nourished, be thou nourished, he was 
nourished, imp. ; we might be nourished, ye had been 
nourished, they will be nourished. 

I could be punished, thou art punished, he would have 
been punished ; we shall be punished, ye were punished, 
perf., they are punished. 

I may have been clothed, thou wilt have been clothed, he 
was clothed, imp. ; we had been clothed, ye can be clothed, 
they might have been clothed. 

Am I called ? art thou moved ? is he changed 1 were we 
led? perf. ; had ye been nourished? have they been pun- 
ished ? 

To be praised, to be about to be moved, to have been led 
sent or being sent, to be punished, part, in dus. 

§ 162, 15. I ought to be praised, thou deservedst to be 
called, he has deserved to be sent ; we may deserve to be 
praised, ye will have deserved to be punished, they might 
have deserved to be clothed, 

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES. 

They will praise, I am changed, ye call, we are filled, ye 
will have been moved, he leads. 

We are terrified, they send, thou wilt be nourished, ye 
\vere punished, imp., I throw, they will have been clothed- 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 13 

Be thou called, he may change, I have praised, I will hll, 
fe were clothed, perf., be ye filled. 

Let him be praised, I am nourished, thou art clothed, he 
leads, we shall have been nourished, they will change. 

We were sent, imp.y they had been terrified, I lead, he 
will be filled, we shall have been clothed, I am led. 

Thou art called, ye might have been nourished, he sends, 
they fill, we might have been led, ye did call, imp. 

We have been clothed, thou wast praised, thou leadest, et 
him be sent, lead ye, they should be punished. 

I may move, they may be filled, he is nourished, thou 
sendest, we shall have led, ye nourish. 

Let them be filled, I did praise, perf., we have been ter- 
rified, be ye clothed, they might have been sent, we shall 
change. 

He would be terrified, I was praising, they have been 
sending, we have been led, ye will be punished, we had 
filled. 

We had been called, ye have changed, thou terrifiest, ye 
are led, we were sending, they had been throwing. 



PART II. 

NOUNS. 
FIRST DECLENSION. 

A hall ; of care ; to a helmet ; an Aula ; cura ; galea ; in- 

sland ; O muse ; by a machine. siila,«cc.; musa ; machina. 

Altars; of doves; for boats; Ara; columba ; cym- 

«pears ; O nightingales ; with ba ; hasta, ace. ; luscinia ; 

arrows. sagitta. 

An abridgment ; of Midas ; for Epitome ; Midas ; tia- 

a turban ; a comet ; O son of ras ; cometes, ace. ; Pri- 

Priam ; by the north wind. amides ; Boreas. 

SECOND DECLENSION. 

The mind ; of a raven ; for a Animus; corvus; clyp- 

shield ; a sword ; O ma«ter ; in a eus ; gladius, ace. ; dom- 

grove. inus; lucus. 
2 



14 



ETYMOLOGY DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 



Numbers ; of rivers ; for gar- 
dens ; clouds ; O swans ; from 
the rocks. 

Of Bacchus ; O boys; a father- 
in-law ; for the evening ; wild 
boars ; by workmen. 

Caves ; by war ; rocks ; for 
examples ; O defence ; of scep- 
tres. 

O Virgil ; of the Greeks ; to 
the gods ; O son ; lyres ; Al- 
pheus. 



Numerus ; fluvius; hor- 
tus ; nimbus, ace. ; eye- 
nus; scopiilus. 

Liber ; puer ; socer, 
ace; vesper ; aper ; faber. 

Antrum ; bellum ; sax- 
um, ace. ; exemplum ; 
praesidium ; sceptrum. 

Virgilius ; Danaus ; fle- 
us ; filius ; barbiton ; Al- 
pheos, ace. 



THIRD DECLENSION. 



Flowers ; of reason ; reeds ; 
with flesh ; for a boat ; O spring. 

Trees ; for a reward ; of the 
mouth ; with the bones ; clouds ; 
peace. 

Of a crown ; for a seat ; pea- 
cocks ; images ; in order ; to 
Apollo. 

To the Anio ; milk ; O consuls ; 
animals ; in a prison ; of honey. 

From the rivers ; showers ; of 
a cup ; corn ; to Jupiter ; with 
strength. 

To the heart ; piety ; males ; by 
sureties ; of a vessel ; of ducks. 

O guests ; of a bird ; from fir- 
irees ; rest; hostages; to heirs. 

Of brass ; to Ceres ; O birds ; in 
the dust ; a helmet ; Romans. 

For grandchildren ; honors ; a 
tree ; of keepers ; O the times ; 
with disgrace. 

Anvils ; in safety ; for the coun- 
try ; of a crane ; the earth ; by 
fraud. 

Beams ; in winter ; for the fore- 
head ; of princes ; leaves ; voices. 



Flos ; ratio ; arundo, 
ace. ; caro ; linter ; ver. 

Arbor, ace. ; merces ; 
OS ; OS ; nubes ; pax. 

Diadem a ; sedile ; pa- 
vo, ace. ; imago ; ordo ; 
Apollo. 

Anio ; lac, ace. ; con- 
sul ; animal ; career ; mel. 

Flumen ; imber, ace. ; 
crater ; far,^/. ; Jupiter ; 
robur. 

Cor ; pietas, ace.; mas ; 
vas ; vas ; anas. 

Hospes ; ales ; abies ; 
quies, ace; obses; heres. 

Ms ; Ceres ; avis ; pul- 
vis ; cassis ; Quiris. 

Nepos ; honos ; arbos, 
ace; custos; tempus; ded- 
ecus. 

Incus ; salus ; rus ; 
grus ; tellus, ace. ; fraus 

Trabs, ace. ; hiems 
frons ; princeps ; frons 
vox, ace. 



ETYMOLOGY ADJECTIVES 15 

Of the cuckoo ; the thumb ; for Coccyx ; pollex, ace, 

an old man ; snows ; in the night ; senex ; nix ; nox ; rex. 
O kincr. 

The Tiber ; from a seat; in the Tiberis, ace. ; sedile ; 

sea , of birds ; with oxen ; for mare ; avis ; bos ; sus. 
swme. 

Thirst , a tower ; by force ; in Sitis, ace. ; turris, ace ; 

the country . of mountains ; of vis ; rus ; mons ; bos. 
oxen. 

Of a cloak ; a hero ; lamps ; to Chlamys ; heros, ace. ; 

poetry ; O Orpheus ; the air. lamp as, ace. ; poesis ; Or- 
pheus; aer. 



FOURTH DECLENSION. 

Of a song ; for a chariot , in the Cantus ; currus ; flue- 
waves; O grief ; spits; armies. tus ; luctus; veru, ace; 

exercTtus. 

At home ; for the tribes ; of a Domus ; tribus ; do- 
house ; upon the knees ; ice ; by mus ; genu , gelu, ace. ; 
the senate. senatus. 



FIFTH DECLENSION. 

For the common people ; of Plebes ; fides ; dies ; 
faith ; by days ; for things ; hopes ; res ; spes, ace. ; facies. 
faces. 



ADJECTIVES. 

FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 

Agoodboy; of faithful friends; Bonus puer^; fidus 

on a lofty rock ; of avaricious amicus ; altus rupes^ ; 

men ; for kind mothers ; with a avarus homo^ ; benignua 

full hand. mater^ ; plenus manus'*. 

A rough beard ; a free voice ; O Asper barba^ ; liber 

(vretched fortune; of tender grass; vox^ ; miser fortuna^ ; 

Jvith ill health ; sacred temples. tener gramen^ ; geger val- 

etudo^ ; sacer templum^. 

Another time; no letter; for Alius tempus3,acc.; nul 



16 



ETYMOLOGY 



PRONOUNS. 



Penelope alone ; of any fountain 
M each pole ; other books. 



lus literal ; sulr* > ,nel6- 
pe^ ; ullue top 3-^ ^ Jerque 
polus^; alter l".^.*r *. 



THIRD DECLENSION. 



Sharp vinegar ; of a cheerful 
mind ; a celebrated monument ; 
in a healthy place ; woody places ; 
by a winged dove. 



Acer acetum^; alacer 
animus^; celeber monu- 
mentum^ ; saluber lo- 
cus^ ; Silvester locus^ ; 



In a short time ; cruel tyrants ; 
sweet fields ; O brave breasts ; 
with a heavy burden ; of all men. arvum^ ; fortis pectus^ ; 

gravis orius^ ; omnis ho- 



volucer columbaK 

Brevis tempus^ ; cru- 
delis tyrannus^; dulcis 



In deeper water ; of a shorter 
life ; a more cruel war ; to sweeter 
fountains ; in happier ages ; with 
many words. 

Daring deeds ; happy men ; to 
the huge Cyclops ; of the cunning 
Ulysses ; dull weapons ; in rich 
fields. 

More capacious cups ; dearest 
friends ; a more cruel mind ; a most 
merciful judge ; with a very loud 
voice ; of a milder punishment. 

A very celebrated event ; in 
very difficult times; most magnifi- 
cent gifts ; in a very high place ; 
with better fortune ; a very worth- 
less man. 



mo"^. 

Alcior aqua^ ; brevioi 
vita' ; cfudelior bellum^ ; 
dulcior fons^ ; felicior 
seculum^ ; plus verbum.2 

Facinus^ and ax, ace. ; 
felix vir^; ingens Cy- 
clops^ ; solers Ulysses^ ; 
hebes telum^ ; dives ager'^. 

Capax scyphus^ ; carus 
amicus,^ ace. ; crudelis 
anTmus,^ ace. ; clemens 
judex^ ; altus vox^ ; mitis 
poenai. 

Celeber res^ ; difficilis 
tempus^ ; magnificus do- 
num^ ; superus locus^; 
bonus fortuna^ ; nequam 
homo^. 



PRONOUNS. 



Of me ; with thee ; me ; to her- 
self; of us; itself 

To him : with them ; of them ; 
to her ; this , them. 



Ego ; tu ; ego ; sui ; 
ego ; sui, ace. 

Ule ; ille ; iste, fem. 
iste ; hie, neut ; hie, masc 



ETYMOLOGY 



CONJUGATION |>F VERBS. 



17 



His ; to them ; with this ; the 
same ; for the same ; of the same. 

Of himself ; of themselves ; to 
whom ; of whom ; whomsoever ; 
what ? 



Someone; iftoanyone; lest 
any ; for each ; of a certain one ; 
my son. 



Is ; is ; istic, masc. 
idem, pi. ace. fern. ; idem, 
sing. ; idem, pl.fem. 

Ipse; ipse, /em. ; qui, 
sing. ; qui, pl.fem. ; qui- 
cunque, sing. masc. ; 
quis? sing. neut. 

AITquis, ace. fern. ; si- 
quis ; nequis, sing, ace, 
neut. ; unusquisque ; qui- 
dam ; mens filius, voc. 



VERBS. 



SUM. 

We are ; ye will be ; thou hast Sum. 
been ; they had been ; I shall have 
been ; he was, imp. 

He would be ; they may be ; she Sum. 
may have been ; we would have 
been ; be ye ; to be about to be. 

Thou wouldst be; to profit ; Fore; 
thou canst ; I have been able ; I sum. 
may be able ; to have been able. 



prosum ; pos- 



FIRST CONJUGATION. 



He accuses; I was building; 
thou hast ploughed ; they had 
condemned ; we shall have wan- 
dered ; ye might have dwelt. 

I may be invited ; thou hast been 
praised ; I shall be freed ; we are 
reconciled ; let them be slain ; to 
be about to be sacrificed. 

He has given; I had tamed; 
thou mightst have helped ; to have 
washed ; they have been killed ; 
we shall have been surrounded. 
2* 



Accuso ; aediflco ; aro ; 
damno ; erro ; habito. 



Invito ; laudo ; libero ; 
concilio ; macto ; sacri^ 

ICO. 

Do ; domo ; juvo ; la« 
vo ; neco ; circumdo 



18 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 



They have stood ; it thunders ; 
ye may have forbidden ; we had 
drunk ; it may be folded ; thou 
hast been tamed. 

Thou abhorrest ; he was flat- 
tering ; he has despised ; we had 
helped; ye will dislike; they will 
have accompanied. 

I may endeavor; thou wouldst 
blame ; he may have delayed ; we 
might have ruled ; rejoice ye ; to 
be about to buy. 



Sto ; tono ; veto 
to ; plico ; domo. 



po- 



A bo mi nor ; adulor ; 
aspernor ; auxilior ; aver- 
sor; comitor. 

Conor; criminor; cunc- 
tor ; dominor ; laetor ; 
mercor. 



SECOND CONJUGATION. 



I restrained ; thou wast covet- 
ing; he had grieved; we may 
want ; ye might flourish ; they 
may have had. 

I have dared ; thou wilt in- 
crease ; beware thou ; ye will 
have blotted out; ye were favor- 
ing; they will weep. 

I have been taught ; thou hadst 
been moved ; he will be soothed ; 
we shall be held ; ye are admon- 
ished ; they may have been seen. 

It pleased ; it has been lawful ; 
it may be clear ; it would pity ; it 
may have behoved ; it will repent. 

I was fearing; thou hast con- 
fessed ; he declared ; we may de- 
serve ; ye would pity ; they would 
have promised. 



Coerceo ; aveo; doleo ; 
egeo ; floreo ; habeo. 



Audeo ; augeo ; ca- 
veo ; deleo ; faveo ; fleo. 



Doceo ; moveo ; mul- 
ceo ; teneo ; admoneo ; 
video. 

Libet, imp. ; licet ; li- 
quet ; miseret ; oportet ; 
pcEnitet. 

Vereor ; confiteor ; pro- 
fiteor ; mereor ; misere- 
or ; poUiceor. 



THIRD CONJUGATION. 

I have driven ; thou nourish- Ago ; alo ; ango ; bl- 
est ; he had strangled ; we shall bo ; cado ; cano 
drink ; ye will have fallen ; they 
«vere singing. 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 



19 



I had taken ; thou wast pluck- 
ing ; he has yielded ; we might 
decree ; ye may have girded ; 
they would have shut. 

Shall I consult ? dost thou be- 
lieve? could he desire ? have we 
lived? could ye have said ? can 
they have learned ? 

Lead thou ; say thou ; do thou ; 
let him feign ; flee ye ; let them 
cast. 

To strike ; to have joined ; to 
be about to hurt ; to be loved ; 
to have been left ; to be about to 
be placed. 

I had been sought; thou hast 
been ruled; he had been loosed; 
we may have been despised ; ye 
will be taken away ; they will 
have been beaten. 

I was led ; thou hast been 
taken ; she might have been sent ; 
thou mayst be destroyed ; they 
had been deceived ; ye may have 
been known. 

I was growing young ; thou hast 
grown old ; he may have fallen 
asleep ; we should have become 
silent ; ye will grow rich ; they 
would grow dull. 

I have obtained ; thou mayst 
be angry ; he will have spoken ; 
we should have obtained ; ye may 
have forgotten ; they suffer. 



Cap io ; carpo ; cedo ; 
cerno ; cingo ; claudo. 



Consulo ? credo? cu- 
pio ? dego ? dico ? dis- 
co ? 

Duco ; dico ; facio ; 
fingo ; fugio ; jacio. 

Ico ; jungo ; laBdo ; 
diligo ; relinquo ; pono. 



Q,uaero ; rego ; solve ; 
sperno ; sustoUo ; tun- 
do. 



Duco, imp. ; capio, 
mitto ; perdo ; {dWOjfem. ; 
cognosco. 



Juvenesco ; senesco ; 
obdormisco ; conticesco ; 
ditesco : hebesco 



Adipiscor, fem. , iras- 
cor ; loquor ; nanciscor ; 
obliviscor,jfem. ; patior. 



FOURTH CONJUGATION. 



I was sleeping ; thou art mad ; 
he had kept ; we will finish ; ye 
will have served ; they have in- 
structed. 

1 have drawn ; thou speakest 



Dormio ; insanio ; cus- 
todio ; finio ; servio ; eru- 
dio. 

Haurio ; eifutio ; obe* 



20 ETYMOLOGY IRREGULAR VERBS. 

foolishly ; he may have obeyed ; dio ; sentio ; venic ; vln 

we should have felt ; ye would cio. 
come ; bind ye. 

I have been kept ; thou wast in- Custodio,yem. ; erudio 

structed ; he is entangled ; we may imp. ; impedio ; redimio ; 

be crowned ; ye would have been vincio ; punio. 
bound ; let them be punished. 

I have been flattering; thou wilt Blandior ; assentior ; 

assent ; he had tried ; we should experior ; ordior ; potior ; 

have begun ; ye would obtain ; mentior. 
they may have lied. 



IRREGULAR VERBS. 

I may wish ; thou hadst wished ; Volo ; volo ; volo ; no- 
he was wishing; we shall be un- lo; malo ; male, 
willing ; ye are more willing ; to 
have been more will in or. 

To bear ; bear thou ; to have Fero. i 

borne ; to be about to bear ; borne; I 

to be borne. | 

Made; about to be made; to Fio. * 

have been made ; to be about to * 

be made ; let them be made ; it had > 

been made. \ 

Going ; of going ; he goes ; I Eo * 

was going ; we went ; ye may go. 

I shall hate ; to late ; we be- Odi ; odi ; coBpi ; mem 
gan ; ye remember j they were Tni ; aio ; ir quam. 
saying ; say thou. i 

i 



SYNTAX. 



Zl 



SYNTAX 



PART I. 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE AND VERB. 

§ 209, (b.) A verb agrees with its subject-nomi- 
native in number and person. 

Note. / and we take the first person of the verb; thou and you, the 
second person ; all nouns, and the pronouns he, she, it, and they, the 
third person. 



I write. 

Thou admonishest. 

The hour comes. 

We hear. 

Ye see. 

Virtues adorn. 

Thou wast playing. 

The king will rule. 

Death has taken away. 

The moon was shining. 

The bird has been singing. 

riie wolf had followed. 

The time may come. 

The hands should labor. 

The enemy should have fought. 

The trees will have grown. 

The mistake will be removed. 

The law is established. 

The money may be received. 

Carthage was destroyed. 

A supplication was decreed. 

An opportunity is waited for. 

The senate has been convened. 

Physicians are deceived. 

I have been disturbed. 

Caecilius would demonstrate. 

Caieta shall be adorned. 



Ego scribo. 
Tu moneo. 
Venio hora. 
Ego audio. 
Tu video. 
Virtus orno. 
Tu ludo. 
Rex reffo. 
Mors eripio. 
Fulgeo luna. 
Cano avis. 
Lupus sequor. 
Tempus venio. 
Man us laboro. 
Hostis pugno. 
Arbor cresco. 
Error tollo. 
Lex constituo. 
Pecunia recipio. 
Carthago deleo.* 
Supplicatio decerno. 
Occasio capto. 
Senatus convoco. 
Medicus fallo. 
Ego perturbo. 
Caecilius demonstro 
Caieta orno 



perf 



22 



SYNTAX. SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE AND VERB. 



The books might be preserved. 

The consuls have disagreed. 

Were the soldiers sleeping] 

Democritus might have laughed 

The apples will have fallen. 

Let the boys learn. 

Troy would be standing. 

Laws will have been given. 

Treaties may have been broken. 

Men may understand. 

Who has spoken ? 

The gates will be open. 

The leaves had been scattered. 

I should be silent. 

Ye have feared. 

The dogs will pursue. 

The she-goat follows. 

ThymcBtes advises. 

The enemies threaten. 

The frogs wander. 

Years glide away. 

Wilt thou confess ? 

We shall die. 

Ye have rejoiced. 

They had promised. 

A shout is heard. 

The stag will be caught. 

A story is told. 

The times are changed. 

Wars were prepared. 

Friends have been found. 

The ship will be sunk. 

The money has been paid. 

The grass is cropped. 

Let industry be praised. 

Be ye advised. 

Let thieves be punished. 

Ye may be trusted. 

Life should be preserved. 

The shout might have been heard 

The town will have been burned. 



Liber conservo 
Consul dissideo. 
Dormio-ne miles? 
Democritus rideo. 
Pomum cado. 
Puer disco. 
Troja sto. 
Lex do. 
Foedus rumpo. 
Homo intelligo. 
Quis dico? 
Porta pateo. 
Spargo folium. 
Ego taceo. 
Tu timeo. 
Canis persequor. 
Sequor capella. 
Thymoetes hortor. 
Minor hostis. 
Vagor rana. 
Labor annus. 
An fateor? 
Morior. 
LjBtor. 

Hie polliceor. 
Clamor audio. 
Cervus capto. 
Fabiila narro. 
Tempus muto. 
Bellum paro.* 
Amicus invenio. 
Navis mergo. 
Pecunia solvo. 
Gramen carpo. 
Laudo industria. 
Moneo. 
Punio fur. 
Credo. 
Vita servo. 
Clamor audio. 
Oppidum incendo 



vmip. 



SYNTAX. 



23 



ADJECTIVES. 

«§> 205. Adjectives, adjective pronouns, and parti- 
ciples, agree with their nouns, in gender, number, and 
case. 



Envious age flies. 

A free people desired. 

One disgrace remains. 

That law commands. 

The noblest men have come. 

A great error prevails. 

Icy winter comes. 

The old wood was standing. 

Human counsels have failed. 

The men alone remained. 

The careful husbandman sows. 

Direful wars are prepared. 

Small thinops increase. 

Dark night comes on. 

All the grove will be green. 

Greater glory may be obtained. 

The bright stars were shining. 

Cultivated fields will flourish. 

Let impious crimes be punished. 

A mournful crowd follows. 

The ancient Romans conquered. 

Ther<^ is no delay. 

The great pine is agitated. 

The swift stags fly. 

The ripe apple falls. 

Conquered Carthage fell. 

My eyes are deceived. 

The night is cold. 

Delay is not safe. 

Our whole army has been de- 
stroyed. 

Honorable actions will be re- 
warded. 

A. destructive war is at hand 



Fugio invidus setas. 
Liber popiilus desidero. 
Unus dedecus resto. 
Is lex jubeo. 
Homo nobilis venio. 
Magnus error versor. 
Venio glacialis hiems. 
Silva vetus sto. 
Humanus consilium cado. 
Vir solus permaneo. 
Diligens agricola sero. 
Dirus paro bellum. 
Parvus res cresco. 
Nox ater ingruo. 
Nemus omnis vireo. 
Magnus gloria obtineo. 
Lucidus sidus fulgeo. 
Cultus ager floreo. 
Impius crimen punio. 
Moestus cohors sequor. 
Vetus Romanus vinco. 
Nullus mora sum. 
Ingens pinus agito. 
Velox cervus fugio. 
Mitis pomum cado. 
Victus Carthago cado. 
Mens ociilus fallo. 
Frigidus nox sum. 
Mora non tutus sum. 
Noster omnis exercitus 

intereo. 
Factum honestus remu- 

nero. 
Bellum exitiosus impen- 

deo. 



24 



SYNTAX. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 

<5> 229. The object of a transitive verb is put in the 
accusative. 



Benefits procure friends. 

Dido founded Carthage. 

Autumn pours forth fruits. 

The anchor holds the ship. 

The earth produces flowers. 

Scipio destroyed Carthage. 

The king had drawn out the forces. 

Hast thou a son ? 

Care follows money. 

Neptune shook the earth. 

He made a law. 

Hope cheers the husbandmen. 

I follow thee. 

Rage furnishes arms. 

Idleness consumes the body. 

The mother produces a letter. 

The wind drives the clouds. 

Aurora restores the day. 

I have lost a day. 

The bee loves flowers. 

The sirens invite Ulysses. 

The sailor ploughs the sea. 

Alexander routed Darius. 

Overcome anger. 

Hope gives strength. 

Truth does not offend me. 

You will easily avoid hatred. 

We are leaving our pleasant fields. 

Romulus founded Rome. 

Numa waged no war. 

I have read your letters. 

Sincere faith unites true friends. 

Cyrus founded the Persian empire. 

Virtue bestows tranquillity. 



Beneficium paro amicus. 
Dido condo Carthago. 
Autumnus fraX effundo. 
Teneo ancora navis. 
Terra pario flos. 
Scipio deleo Carthago. 
Rex educo copiae. 
Habeo-ne filius? 
Cura sequor pecunia. 
Nepiunus terra percutio. 
Lex fero. 
Spes alo agricola. 
Tu sequor. 
Furor arma ministro. 
Consumo inertia corpus. 
Mater epistola profero. 
Ventus ago nubes. 
Aurora dies reduco. 
Dies perdo. 
Flos amo apis. 
Siren Ulysses invito. 
Nauta seco mare. 
Alexander Darius fugo. 
Vinco ira. 
Spes do vis., 
Non ego offendo Veritas. 
Odium facile vito. 
Linquo dulcis arvum, 
Romulus Roma condo. 
Numagero nullus helium 
Lego tuus litera. 
Sincerus fides jungo ve- 

rus amicus. 
Cyrus fundo Persicus im 

perium. 
Virtus largior tranquil 

litas. 



SYNTAX. 



25 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



«5> 210. A noun in the predicate, after a verb neuter 
or passive, is put in the same case as the subject, when 
it denotes the same person or thing. See also R. I. 



Indolence is a vice. 

Anger is a short madness. 

I am not a shepherd. 

Men are mortal. 

Death is certain. 

Caesar was accounted great. 

Thou art a judge. 

We are not ignorant. 

Cicero was esteemed eloquent. 

The soldiers sleep secure. 

You will become a poet. 

Varro was esteemed a learned man. 

Aristides was called just. 

The soul is immortal. 

Avarice is a vice. 

Life is short. 

Virtue is its own reward. 

I have been your friend. 

Hunger is the best cook. 

I was your leader. 

The tree has been a twig. 

Catiline was brave, but (his) cause 

was unjust. 
Experience is the best master. 

A true friend is a great treasure. 

A poem is a speaking picture. 

A picture is a silent poem. 

Virtue is the best nobility. 

Beauty is a frail possession. 

3 



Inertia sum vitium. 
Ira furor brevis sum. 
Non ego sum pastor. 
Homo sum mortalis. 
Mors sum certus. 
Caesar maffnus habeo 
Sum judex. 
Non sum ignarus. 
Cicero habeo disertus. 
Miles dormio seciirus. 
Tu fio poeta 
Varro existimo doctus vir 
Aristides voco Justus. 
Anima sum immortalis. 
Avaritia sum vitium. 
Vita sum brevis. 
Virtus sum suus merces. 
Tuus amicus sum. 
Fames sum bonus coquus. 
Dux ego vester sum. 
Arbor virga sum. 
Catilma sum fortis, sed 

causa sum injustus. 
Experientia sum bonus 

m agister. 
Amicus verus thesaurus 

sum magnus. 
Poema sum loquens pic- 

tura. 
Pictura sum mutus po- 
ema. 
Virtus sum bonus no- 

bilitas. 
Forma bonum fragilis 

sum 



26 



SYNTAX. 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



<^ 211. A noun which Hniits the meaning of anothet 
noun, denoting a different person or thing, is put in the 
genitive. 



The love of money increases. 

Necessity is the mother of arts. 

Scipio routed the forces of Han- 
nibal. 

The sun is the light of the world. 

He received the fruit of his virtue. 

Observe the boldness of the man. 

Sleep is the image of death. 

Helen was the cause of the Trojan 
war. 

CrcBsus was king of the Lydians. 

The memory of past evils is pleas- 
ant. 

The course of life is short, (that) 
of glory eternal. 

The love of country prevailed. 

The infirmity of nature is blamed. 

Pan is a god of Arcadia. 

Juno was the wife of Jupiter. 

The horns of the moon decrease. 

The dog follows the tracks of the 
hare. 

The soldier fears the arrows of 
the enemy. 

Codrus was the last king of the 
Athenians. 

Semiramis was the wife of Ninus. 

Neptune is the god of the waters. 
Honor is the reward of virtue. 
Penelope was the wife of Ulysses. 



Cresco amor nummus. 

Mater ars sum necessTtas, 

Scipio fundo Annibal co- 
piae. 

Sol sum lux mundus. 

Virtus is fructus capio. 

Video homo audacia. 

Somnus imago mors sum 

Helena causa sum" hel- 
ium Trojanus. 

Rex Lydus Crcesus sum. 

Jucundus sum memoria 
praeteritus malum. 

Vita brevis sum cursus, 
gloria sempiternus. 

Amor patria vinco. 

Natura infirmitas accuso. 

Pan Deus Arcadia sum. 

Juno Juptter conjux sum. 

Cornu luna decresco. 

Canis lepus vestigium se- 
quor. 

Miles timeo sagitta hostis. 

Codrus sum rex ulterior 
Atheniensis. 

Semiramis sum Ninus ux- 
or. 

Neptunus sum numen 
aqua. 

Honos sum praemium vir- 
tus. 

Penelope conjux Ulysse? 

.6 



sum' 



vtrj. 



imp. 



SYNTAX 



27 



DATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



^ 223. A noun limiting the meaning of a verb, i? 
put in the dative, to denote the object to or for which 
any thing is, or is done. 



Piso brought assistance to (his) 
brother. 

I give thanks to you. 

The body is restored to the earth. 

Applause was given to you. 

I will give (my) fears to the winds. 

They favored the undertakings of 
Catihne. 

They do good neither to them- 
selves nor to any other. 

L. Otho restored to the equestrian 
order (their) dignity. 

1 do not envy the fortune of any 
citizen. 

Tell me the truth. 

The grass returns to the plains. 

Fortune gives too much to many, 
enough to none. 

The enemy surrendered them- 
selves to CaBsar. 

Pardon not your own faults. 

You may pardon the faults of 
others. 

Let us not open (our) ears to flat- 
terers. 

Paris gave the apple to Venus. 

Juno had offered him cities. 

Minerva had promised him wis- 
dom. 

You sow for yourself, you reap 
for yourself. 

V^ulcan nade arms for Achilles. 



Piso frater auxilium fero 

Ago tu gratia. 
Reddo terra corpus. 
Do tu plausus. 
Metus trado ventus. 
Catilina incceptum faveo. 

Nee sui nee alter prosum. 

L. Otho equestris ordo 
restituo dignitas. 

Hand invideo fortuna ul- 
lus civis. 

Dico* ego verum. 

Redeo gramen* campus. 

Fortuna multus do nimis, 
satis nullus. 

Hostis* sui Caesar trado. 

Tuus culpa ne ignosco. 
Alius culpa ignosco. 

Ne patefacio auris adu 

later. 
Paris Venus do pomum. 
Juno is urbs offero. 
Minerva is sapientia pro* 

mitto. 
Tu sero, tu meto. 

Arma facio Vulcanus A 
chilles. 



• § 162, 4. * jtl 



28 



SYNTAX. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 

<^ 235. (1.) Twenty-six prepositions are followed 
by the accusative. 



Ariovistus sends ambassadors to 

Caesar. 
Roses shine among the lilies. 
Few come to old age. 
He waited at the sea below the 

town. 
The slaves were in the power of 

the prosecutor. 
Your good-will toward me, and 

mine toward you, are equal. 
There is a grove near the river. 
They divided the captives among 

themselves. 
The plebeians encamped near the 

bank of the Anio. 
The spear passes through both 

(his) temples. 
Vulcan possessed the islands near 

Sicily. 
King Gentius was led (captive) 

before the chariot of Anicius. 
Behind me was yEgina, before 

(me) Megara. 
(The temple of) Janus was twice 

shut after the reign of Numa. 
The hands of Vitellius were bound 

behind his back. 
To live according to nature is the 

chief good. 
I hid the gold behind the altar. 

Ariovistus led his forces past the 
camp of CjEsar. 



Ariovistus legatus ad Cae- 
sar mitto. 

Rosa fulgeo inter lilium 

Paucus venio ad senectus. 

Expecto ad mare infra 
oppTdum. 

Servus penes accusator 
sum. 

Tuus voluntas erga ego, 
et mens erga tu sum par. 

Sum lucus prope amnis. 

Divido inter sui captivus, 

Plebs prope ripa Anio 

consldo. 
Eo hasta per tempus uter- 

a 

que . 

Vulcanus teneo insfda 
propter Sicilia. 

Ante Anicius currus duco 
Gentius rex. 

Post ego sum vEgina. 
ante Megara. 

Janus' bis post Numa 
regnum claudo. 

Vincio pone tergum Vi- 
tellius manus. 

Finis bonum* sum se- 
cundum natura vivo. 

Secundum ara aurum ab- 
scondo. 

Ariovistus praeter castra 
Caesar suus copia trans 
duco. 



* nam ' gen. pi. 



SYNTAX. 



29 



/JV AND SUB. 



§ 235. (2.) In and sub, denoting motion or ten- 
dency, are followed by the accusative ; denoting situ- 
ation, they are followed by the ablative. 



All Italy calls me back into my 

country. 
An incredible multitude came to- 
gether into the Capitol. 
I have a letter in (my) hands. 
The kingdom was in the power 

of the enemy. 
The army of L. Cassius was sent 

under the yoke. 
War is concealed under the name 

of peace. 
The kingdom is in the power of 

the enemy. 
Many and weighty thoughts are 

in my mind. 
The poison flows into all parts of 

the body. 
He terminated a very great war 

in Africa. 
I now say nothing against that 

man. 
He fought in battle hand to hand. 
A slave of Clodius was seized in 

the temple of Castor. 
He endeavored to make an attack 

upon the province of Brutus. 
I rest the whole cause in your 

clemency. 
Obstinacy in very small matters 

is blamed. 
There are many (things) in our 

customs derived from the Py- 
thagoreans. 
He prepared a master and tyrant 

for our children. 
3* 



Italia cunctus ego in pa- 

tria revoco. 
Multitudo incredibilis in 

Capitolium convenio. 
In manus epistola teneo. 
Regnum sum in potestas 

hostis. 
L. Cassius exercitus sub 

jugum mitto. 
Sub nomen pax bellum 

lateo. 
Regnum sum in hostis 

potestas. 
Cogitatio multus et gravis 

sum in animus meus. 
Venenum in pars omnis 

corpus permano. 
Bellum magnus in Africa 

conficio. 
Jam nihil dico in homo 

iste. 
In acies cominus pugno. 
Servus Clodius in Castor 

templum comprehendo. 
Conor impetus facio in 

Brutus provincia. 
Causa totus in humamtas 

vester repono. 
PertinacTtas in res parvus 

reprehendo. 
Multus sum in institutum 

noster a Pythagoreus 

ductus. 
In noster liberi dominus 

et tyrannus comparo 



Hit 



SYNTAX. 



ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS 

<5> 241. Eleven prepositions are followed by the ab- 
lative. 



Learn from me. 

He spoke concerning the nature 
of the war. 

They took up arms for the com- 
mon safety. 

They undertook the business with- 
out any delay. 

Think of yourselves and (your) 
children. 

He shall call (them) Romans from 
his own name. 

One part commences at the river 
Rhone. 

He spoke with a low voice. 

As a field without culture, so is 
the mind without learning. 

I have received a consolatory 

letter from Caesar. 
Alcibiades was brought up in the 

house of Pericles, (and) in- 
structed by Socrates. 
He went out of the camp. 
The arrow was driven up to (its) 

feathers. 
The water rises up to (his) waist. 
1 had the most learned men daily 

with me. 
Salute Cicero in my name*. 
We are ready to refute without 

obstinacy, and to be refuted 

without anger. 
Men could scarcely keep their 

hinds from you. 



Cognosco ex ego. 

De natura helium dico. 

Arm a pro sal us commu- 
nis capio. 

Negotium sine ullus mora 
suscipio. 

Cogito de tu et liberi. 

Romanus suus de nomen 

dico. 
Unus pars initium capio 

a flumen Rhodanus*. 
Cum vox suppressus dico. 
Ut ager sine cultura, sic 

sine doctrlna animus 

sum. 
A Caesar literae accipio 

consolatorius. 
Alcibiades ediico in do- 

mus Pericles, erudio a 

Socrates. 
E castra exeo. 
Sagitta ago penna tenus. 

Aqua surgo pubes tenus. 
Quotidie ego-cum habeo 

homo doctus. 
A ego salus dico Cicero 
Refello sine perlinacia, 

et refello sine iracun- 

dia paro. 
Manus a tu homo vix ab- 

stineo possum. 



§ W4. * lit. from me. 



SYNTAX. 



3J 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, «fec. 



§ 247. Nouns denoting the cause, manner, means, 
and instrument, after adjectives and verbs, are put in 
the ablative without a preposition. 



The moon shines with a borrowed 

light. 
They seek safety by flight. 
He was beaten with rods. 
We live by hope. 
Neptune struck the earth with his 

trident. 
I will speak with a very loud voice. 
He quieted the voice of the people 

by his authority. 
Old age comes with silent foot. 
Affected with a severe disease, he 

died. 
His mind is disturbed by sudden 

grief. 
Thou failest by imprudence. 
They drive our (men) from the 

rampart with slings, arrows, and 

stones. 
The poets have introduced the 

gods both inflamed with anger 

and raging with passion. 
Red with the blood of citizens, 

he thought of nothing but the 

ruin of the state. 
He had overcome (his) enemies 

by a show of clemency. 
He suffers all the injuries of war 

with a patient mind. 
Are we able to surpass Plato in 

eloquence? 
The king's ambassador openly 

opposes us with money 
The seas, when agitated by the 

wind, grow warm. 



Luna luceo alienus lux. 

Fuga salus peto. 

Caedo virga. 

Spes vivo. 

Neptunus tridens suua 

terra percutio. 
Dico vox clarus. 
Auctorltas suus vox pop- 

ulus sedo. 
Pes tacitus venio senectus. 
Aflfectus gravis morbus, 

pereo. 
Mens subitus dolor turbo. 

Tu imprudentia labor. 
Funda, sagitta, lapis, nos- 
ter de vallum deturbo. 

Poeta et ira inflammatus 
et libido furens induco 
deus. 

Cruentus sanguis civis. 
nihil nisi de respublica 
pernicies cogito. 

Adversarius species de- 
mentia vinco. 

Injuria omnis helium ani 
mus lequus patior. 

Plato eloquentia supero 
possum ? 

Rex legatus pecunia ego 
aperte oppugno. 

Mare ventus agitatus te- 
pesco. 



m 



SYNTAX. 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



<§> 239. The subject of the infinitive mood is put ir 
the accusative. 

<§> 270. The infinitive, either with or without a sub 
ject-accusative, may be the object of a verb. 



1. We know that the sun is the 
hght of the world. 

Terence says that complaisance 

begets friends. 
The Pythagoreans believed that 

souls migrated from one animal 

to another. 
They report that a day had passed 

without the sun. 
Zeuxis said that he wished to 

draw a picture of Helen. 
CaBsar commanded the soldiers to 

depart from the town. 

2. I desire to see you. 
Dare to despise riches. 

I was able to touch the branches. 
r cannot understand. 
Alexander wished to be feared. 
He longs to relate the dangers. 
They have endeavored to renew 

the war. 
Virtue cannot be lost. 
No man can be happy without 

virtue. 
You seem to entertain some hope. 

Themistocles could not take rest. 

Money cannot change nature. "^ 

Paris said that Hector waged 
cruel wars with a bloody hand. 



Scio sol sum lux mundus 

Terentius dico obsequi- 
um amicus pario. 

Pythagoreus credo anima 
ex unus animal in alter 
discedo. 

Fero dies eo sine sol. 

Zeuxis dico sui volo simu- 
lacrum Helena pingo. 

Caesar miles ex oppidum 
exeo jubeo. 

Tu cupio video. 
Audeo conterano ops. 
Possum contingo ramus. 
Intelligo non possum. 
Alexander metuo volo. 
Gestio narro periculum. 
Conor renovo bellum. 

Virtus amitto non possum. 
Beatus sum sine virtus 

nemo possum. 
Videor habeo spes non- 

nullus. 
Themistocles somnum ca- 

pio non possum. 
Natura muto pecunia nes- 

cio. 
Paris dico Hector ferreus 

bellum sanguineus ma- 

nus moveo 



SYNTAX. 



33 



CONJUNCTIONS. 



§ 278. Copulative, disjunctive, and other coordi- 
nate conjunctions, connect similar constructions. 



You love modesty, goodness, and 

virtue. 
Neither the senate nor the peo- 
ple has any power. 
Wash your hands and sup. 
You have the right and the power. 
The sun sets and the mountains 

are darkened. 
Ft was night and the moon was 

shining. 
Marius and Sulla waged a civil 

war. 
Ulysses was not beautiful, but he 

was eloquent. 
The winds subside and the clouds 

disperse. 
We are leaving the bounds of our 

country and our pleasant fields. 
Riches are now given to none but 

to the rich. 
It is better to receive than to do 

an injury. 
The tongue kills more than the 

sword. 
Two or three friends of the king 

are very rich. 
Man is compounded of body and 

soul. 
Neither embroidered purple nor 

the sceptre of Priam moved 

him. 
Neither a tongue nor a hand was 

wanting to (his) purpose, 
rie adds a fl^et and an army. 

* imp * pi. 



Diligo pudor, et bonitas, 

virtusque. 
Nee senatus nee populus 

ullus vis habeo. 
Lavo manustuus et coeno. 
Habeo jus et potestas. 
Sol ruo et mons umbro. 

Nox sum et fulgeo luna. 

Marius et Sulla civilis 

bellum gero. 
Non formosus sum*, sed 

sum facundus Ulysses. 
Concido ventus fugi6que 

nubes. 
Ego patria finis et dulcis 

linquo arvum. 
Do opes nullus* nunc nisi 

dives. 
Accipio pra3stat quam fa- 

cio injuria. 
Multus lingua neco quam 

gladius. 
Amicus rex duo tresve 

perdives sum. 
Homo compono*^ ex cor- 
pus et anlma. 
Nee pietus purpiira nee 

seeptrum Priamus ille 

moveo. 
Nee lingua nee manus 

desum consilium. 
Classis et exercttus ad- 

jungo. 



34 



SYNTAX. 



<J204 



PART II. 



APPOSITION. 



§ 204. A noun, annexed to another noun, or to a 
pronoun, and denoting the same person or thing, is put 
in the same case. 



Tigranes, the Armenian king, 
received Mithridates in (his) fear 
and flight. 

Hannibal took by force Sagun- 
tum, an alhed city. 



man, (and) my 
dignity to the 



The sacred mount is beyond 
the river Anio. 

Otho, a brave 
friend, restored 
equestrian order. 

We have sent a consul, a very 
brave man, with an ^. my. 

Philosophy, the uiother of all 
the arts, is the invention of the 
gods. 

How often have you endeav- 
ored to kill me (while) consul ? 

Brutus, the illustrious founder 
of your family**, freed (his) coun- 
try. 

Romulus built the city (of) 
Rome. 

The mountain Cevennes ob- 
structed (his) passage with a very 
deep snow. 

Let us consider nothing evil', 
which is appointed either by the 
immortal gods, or by nature, the 
parent of all. 

I am intimate with Fabius, 
a most excellent and learned 
man. 



Mithridates in timor ac 
fuga TigrdneSy rex Ar- 
menius, excipio. 

Hannibal Saguntum^ 
/(Bderdtus civitas, vis ex- 
pugno. 

Mons sacer trans Anio 
amnis sum. 

Otho, vir fortis, meus 
neces sarins, equestris or- 
do restituo dignitas. 

Consul mitto, vir for- 
tis cum exercitus. 

Philosophia, omnis 
mater ars, sum inventum 
deus. 

Q,uoties tu ego consul 
interficio conor ? 

Brutus patria libero, 
praeclarus auctor nobill- 
tas tuus. 

Romulus condo urbs 
Roma. 

Mons Cevenna altus 
nix iter impedio*. 

Nihil in malum du 
co*^, qui vel a deus im- 
mortalis, vel a natura, 
parens omnis, constituo. 

Fabius, vir bonus et 
homo doctus, familiariter 
utor 



5204 



APPOSITION. 



^5 



I heard this from P. Vedius, a 
great knave, but yet an intimate 
friend of Pompey. 

I cannot blame that in you, 
which I approved in myself, both 
as praetor and consul. 

I rescued this city, the habita- 
tion of us all, the bulwark of 
kings and foreign nations, the 
seat of the empire, by the punish- 
ment of five mad and abandoned 
persons. 

R. I. C. Junius (when) dicta- 
tor, dedicated the temple of 
Health, which he vowed (when) 
consul, and founded (when) cen- 
sor. 

R. 2. Philosophy was the in- 
ventress of laws, (and) the in- 
structress in morals and educa- 
tion, 

R. 3. The Gauls ascended in- 
to the Capitol (with) so much 
silence, that they did not dis- 
turb even the dogs, a watchful 
animal in respect to nocturnal 
noises. 

R. 4. (We,) the Roman youth, 
declare this war against you. 

Let (us) senators collect to- 
morrow into a public stock all 
the gold, silver, and stamped cop- 
per. 

R. 5. Two very powerful cit- 
ies, Carthage andNumantia, were 
destroyed by the same Scipio. 

R. f>. Dicaearchus, having enu- 
merated other causes, (as) inundar 
tions, pestilence, and devastation, 
then computes how many more 
men have been destroyed by the 
v^iolence of men, that is, by vvars 



Hie ego ex P. Vedius^ 
magnus nehulo, sed Pom 
\iei\\is familidris ^ audio. 

Non possum is in tu 
reprehendo, qui in ego 
ipse, et prcBtur, et consul 
probo. 

Ego urbs hie, sedes 
omnis ego, nrx rex ac na- 
tio exterus, domicilium 
imperium, quinque homo 
amens ac perdltus poena 
redimo. 

C. Junius aedis Salus, 
qui consul voveo, censor 
loco, dictator dedico. 



Philosophia inventrix 
lex, magistra mos*, et dis- 
cipllna sum. 

Gallus tantus silentium 
in Capitolium evado, ut 
ne canis quidem, sollici- 
tus animal ad nocturnus 
strepitus, excitoA 

Hie tu^ juventus Ro- 
manus indico bellum. 

Aurum, argentum, aes 
signatus omnis'^ senator 
crastinus dies in publi- 
cum confero'. 

Duo urbs potens, Car^ 
thdgo atque Numantiay 
ab idem Scipio deleo. 

DicaBarchus, collectug 
ceterus causa ^ , eluvio, 
pestilentia, et vastUas, 
deinde comparo, quan- 
tus* multus deleo homo 
homo impetus, is sum. 



36 



APPOSITION. 



§204. 



or seditions, than by every other 
calamity. 

R. 8. There are two Roscii, 
of whom the surname of one is 
Capito. 

Attus Clausus, who afterwards 
had the name of Appius Claudi- 
us, fled from Regillum to Rome. 

The decemvirs published the 
laws, which have the name of 
the twelve tables, engraved upon 
brass. 

R. 10. Cnaeus and Publius 
Scipio seem to me to have been 
fortunate. 

All being condemned, perished, 
one by one accident, another by 
another. 

R. 11. Tell me, wife of Xeno- 
phon, whether, if your neighbor 
has a better gold ring than you 
have, you would prefer hers or 
your own? — " Hers," she replied. 
— What if she has a dress or oth- 
er female decoration of greater 
value than you have, would you 
prefer hers or yours 1 — " Hers," 
she replied. 

Glitipho has gone. Q,. Alone 1 
A. Alone. 
Q. Who is at the door 1 A. I. 

Q. Whose (servant) are you t 
A. Amphitruo's. 



bellum aut seditio_ quam 
omnis reliquus calamTtas 

Duo sum Roscius, qui 
alter Capito cognomen 
sum. 

Attus Clausus, qui pos- 
tea Appius Claudius sum 
nomen, ab Regillum Ro- 
ma' transfugio. 

Decemvir lex, qui tabu- 
la duodecim sum nomen, 
in aBs inclsus, in publi- 
cum propono. 

Ego CncBus et Publius 
Scipio"* fortunatus vid- 
eo. 

Damnatus omnis, alius 
alius" casus pereo*". 

Dico ego, Xenophon 
uxor, si vicina tuus bonus 
habeo" aurum, quam tu 
habeo, utrum ille, an tuus 
malo'"? " 7//c," inquam. 
Quis? si vestis, et cete- 
rus ornamentum mulie- 
bris pretium magnus ha- 
beo, quam tu habeo, tuus- 
ne an ille malo ? " Ilk,'* 
respondeo. 

Abeo'Clitipho. Q. So- 
lus ? A. Solus. 

Q. Quis ad foris™ 
sum ? A. Ego. 

Q,. Quis sum ? A 
Ampkitruo. 



• lit. nobility. 

' § '262. f^ sing. 

k § 256, R. 16. I 



imp. 



R.2. 



pres. 



§237. 
§176. 



* lit. among evils. * § 260, R. 6. * gen 

» § 205, R. 2, Exc. * § 260, R. 6. ^ § 257 

'^ pi. " § 207, R. 32. " snbj. § 261 , 2, & 



^204. APPOSITION 37 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Darh.s,king of the Persians, made* war upon the Scythi- 
ans*. Philo, the head" of the Academy, fled'' from home' in 
the Mithridatic war-^, and came to Rome^. Nero was com- 
mitted'', for the purpose of* instruction^, to Seneca, even 
then a senator. From that day the north'' winds prevailed^* 
[f you wish to remove"* avarice, luxury, its mother, must be 
removed". Solon said that the administration of govern- 
ment° is comprised^ (in) two things^, rewards'" and punish' 
ments'^. Cato, (when) an old man, began* to write history. 
Experienced^ an excellent" instructor" , has taught me this". 
Nature has given to man hands (as) assistants'' in many 
arts^. Ambassadors from Ptolemy and Cleopatra, kings of 
Egypt, came to Rome. What shall I say concerning memo- 
ry, the storehouse'' of all things ? 

• infero. * §224. *^ princeps. ^ profugio. * §255, R. 1. 
/ §253. ^ §237. ^ trado. * for the purpose of , in. i disciplina. 
* Septentrio. ' sum "* tollo. " § 274, R. 8, {a.') " administration 
of government, res puh\ic?i. ^ contineo. '§249,1. ^ sing. * insti- 
tuo. ' usus. " egregius. " raagister. " § 231. ' ministra. 
" gen. ' thesaurus. 

Ernius bore* two burdens, which are reckoned* the great- 
est, poverty and old age. Marius was influenced" by cupidity 
and anger, very bad advistrs''^. The Trojans were wander- 
ing about* without fixed habitations^, and with them the abo- 
ngines, a savage^ race of men. The Germans celebrate (in) 
songs Tuisco and (his) son Mannus, the source'^ a.nd founders* 
of the nation. By chance, the ancient city Clazomence was 
near. Q,. Caecilius was questor in Sicily after /(was) quei^- 
tor\ (When) a young man, I devoted* much of (my) time' 
to philosophy. The two ordinary consuls of that year had 
perished"*, one" by the sword, the other" by disease. The 
vultures seen by Romulus, presaged" that the city (of) Rome 
would be warlike''. The poet Anacrcon'' is said to have 
been choked'^ by the stone* of a raisin' ; the senator Fabius, 
by a single" hair" in a draught"' of milk, 

" imp. ^ puto. "^ grassor, imp. ^ consultor. * to wander about, 
'. agor. f icithout f 'ed habitations, sedlbus incertis. *^ agrestis. 
' orlgo » condltor. i lit. after me, &c. * tribuo. ' § 212, R. 3 
4 



38 APPOSITION ADJECTIVES § 205 

* sing -placed at the end of the sentence. " alter. " pollicetr. ''bel- 
latrix. ' § 279, 9. ^ strangulo. * acinus. ' uva passa. " urus 

* pilum. '^ haustus. 

It is related* that Pi si stratus'' , the tyrant of Athens*, 
when a drunken'* guest* had said-^ many (things) against him^ 
replied^, that he'' was not more angry* with him^ than if any 
one had run*' against him' blindfold™. The Rutuli, a na* 
tiori^ , for" that age and country, flourishing^ in riches', pos- 
sessed'^ Ardea. Drusus is said* to have brought back* from 
the province (of) Gaul^ the gold formerly given to the Seno- 
nes at the siege" of the Capitol ; and not", as is the common 
report'", wrested* (from them) by Camillus^. Tiberius re- 
joiced that, in^ the island (of) CaprecB, the branches of a 
very old"" ilex, now drooping''* to the earth*"" and sickly'^'', 
revived** at his-^-^ arrivaF^. The sea was given (as) a king- 
dom io Neptune, one''^ (of the) brothers^^ of Jupiter. I com- 
mend to you" Caius and Lucius Mummius^K Marius^ 
(when) seventh time*'* consul, died at an advanced age'', in 
hi= own house""". 

* memoriae proditur. ' § 239. " lit. of the Athenians. ^ ebrius. 

* convlva. ^ § 263, 5, R. 2. ^ dico. ^ § 239. * to he angry, sue- 
censeo. i § 223, R. 2. * incurro, § 266, 3. ' § 208. "* obligatis ocO- 
lis, § 257. " gens. " ut in. ^ prsepollens. « § 250. '' habeo, 
'w * trado. * refero. " obsidio. * and not, nee. " common 
report, fama. * extorqueo. " § 248, I. ' apud. "" vetus. ** de- 
missus. '^'^ terra. ^^ languens. *' eonvalesco. ff § 208. ^^ ad- 
ventus. '^^ alter. "sing. JJ pi. *^ seventh time, septimum. ^^ at 
m advanced age, senex. *"*" § 221, 1, R. 3, (1 ) 



ADJECTIVES. 

<5> 205. Adjectives, adjective pronouns, and parti 
ciples, agree with their nouns in gender, number, and 
case. 

A faithfu' friend is known in Amicus certus in res 

adversity. incertus cerno. 

Past tiire never returns. Prateritus tcmpus nun- 

quam revertor. 

Familiar things easily glide Usitdtus res facile e 

from the memory. memoria dilabor. 

Alexander himself demolished Ipse Alexander liheh^o 

I'behes. diruo 



J 205. 



ADJECTIVES. 



3il 



I received many letters from 
you, all written with care 

The best laws, without any ex- 
ception, will be taken away by 
this law. 

Death is shameful in flight, 
glorious in victory. 

In a state, the rights of war are 
most carefully to be observed. 

No forgetfulness will ever blot 
out my remembrance of your fa- 
vors to me. 

R. 1. The city which they call 
Rome, I foolishly supposed (to 
be) like this our (city.) 

R. 2. In a free state, the 
tongue and the mind ought to be 
free. 

Menelaus and Paris, being 
armed, fought for Helen and (her) 
riches. 

(1.) Many sons and daughters 
placed Metelluson the funeral pile. 

Ten free-born (youths,) ten vir- 
gins, all having fathers and moth- 
ers living, (were) chosen for the 
sacrifice. 

(2.) Benefit and injury are con- 
trary to each other. 

He made his intention and en- 
deavors clear to all persons. 

(3.) The king and the royal 
fleet departed at the same time. 

Exc. The safety of all, (their) 
children, (and their) fortunes, are 
very dear to you. 

R. 3. A great ()art of the men 
were either wounded or killed. 

The slaves conspired to arm 
themselves and seize upon the 
citade] 



3Tultus a tu accipio 
epistola, omms diligenter 
scriptus. 

Bonus lex hie lex sine 
ullus exceptio tollo. 

In fuga f(£,dus mors 
sum, in victoria gloriosus. 

In respublTca maxTme 
conservandus sumjiws hel- 
ium. 

Metis tuus erga ego 
rnerttum memoria nullus 
unquam deleo oblivio. 

Urbs, qui dico Roma, 
puto stultus ego hie nos- 
ter simTlis. 

In civitas liber, lingua 
mensque liber sum debeo. 

Menelaus et Paris ar- 
mdtus pugno propter He- 
lena et divitiae. 

Metellus multus Jilius 
eijilia in rogus impono. 

Decem ingenuus, de- 
cem virgo, pairimus om- 
nis, matrimus(\ue, ad sac- 
rificium delectus. 

Inter sui contrarius 
sum beneficium et injuria. 

Perspicuus suus con- 
silium, conatusqne omnis 
facio. 

Rex regiusque classls 
vxnkprofectus sum. 

Tu" omnis saluSy liberi, 
fortuna, sum cams. 

Magnus pars homo vul' 
nerdtus aut occlsus sum. 

Servitium conjuro, u 
arx armdtus occiipo* 



40 



ADJECTIVES. 



§205 



Three thousanc/ two hundred 
of the Simnites were slain. 
Lofty Ilium was consumed. 

Pergamus was destroyed by the 
sword. 

R. 7. (J.) A clear spring re- 
flects the image of (a person) 
looking into it. 

The avaricious (man) will never 
be satisfied. 

The chaste blush even to speak 
of chastity. 

Old (men) are least subject to 
contagious diseases. 

(2.) I see and approve the bet- 
ter, I pursue the worse. 

Gnats seek for acid (things) 
(but) do not fly to sweet (things.) 

He who has lost (his) credit, 
has lost every (thing.) 

(3.) Postumius, an enemy of his 
father, (and) an old neighbor and 
acquaintance, accuses Murena. 

R. 8. To advance was difficult, 
to retreat hazardous. 

R. 9. What is the matter ? 

Fear has more celerity than 
anger. 

R. 10. It (is) astonishing how 
much that availed to the harmony 
of the state. 

R. II. No artist can by imita- 
tion attain to the skill of nature. 

R. 12. Varro was the most 
learned of the Romans, 

Plato (was) decidedly the most 
learned of all Greece. 

R. 13. I am not surprised that 
Vatinius should despise my law, 
an enemy. 



Samnis c(Bsui> &um trti> 
mille ducenti. 

Altus"^ crematus" sum 
Ilion. 

Excisus*^ sum Perga- 
mum ferrum. 

Fons perlucidus imago 
intuens red do. 

Avdrus nunquam sum 
contentus. 

Erubesco pudicus eti- 
am loquor de pudicitia. 

Senex minime sentio 
morbus contagiosus. 

Video bonus^ probo- 
que, deterior'^ sequor. 

Culex acidus peto ; ad 
dulcis non advolo. 

Omnis^ perdo, qui 
fides perdo. 

Murena accuso pater- 
nus inimicus, Postumius, 
vetus vicinus ac necessa- 
rius. 

Progredior arduus sum, 
regredior periculdsus. 

Quis negotium sum ? 

Multus timor quam ira 
celeritas habeo. 

Is mirus quantus pro 
sum ad concordia civitas 

Natura sollertia ntmo 
opifex consequor possum 
imitor*. 

Varro sum doctus Ro- 
manus. 

Plato totus Graecia fa- 
cile doctus. 

Non admirorVatinius," 
quod mens lex contemno 
homo inimicus. 



§205. 



ADJECTIVES. 



41 



I witnessed your devotedness 
(when) a youth. 

I will be satisfied with our own 
friendship. 

R. 14. Add to this the cool, un- 
failing flow of fountains. 

R. 15. Servilius Rullus first 
served up an entire wild boar at 
a feast. 

That part of the Helvetian 
state, which had inflicted a re- 
markable calamity on the Roman 
people, first suffered punishment. 

L. Philippus approached near- 
est to the two most illustrious 
>rators, Crassus and Antony. 

Spain was subdued last of all 
the provinces. 

R. 17. At break of day the top 
of the mountain was occupied by 
Labienus. 

I have long been desirous of 
visiting Alexandria and other 
parts of Egypt. 

Through the midst of the city 
flows the river Marsyas, celebra- 
ted in the fabulous songs of the 
Greeks. 

R. 18. After (they) entered the 
Roman territory, the consuls ad- 
vance to meet the enemy. 

(They) separated with minds 
mutually irritated. 



Studium tuus. adoles- 
cens, perspicio. 

Contentus sum noster 
ipse amicitia. 

Addo hue fons gelidus 
perennitas. 

Solidus aper primus 
in epiilae appono Servilius 
Rullus. 

dui pars civitas Hel- 
vetius insignis calamitas 
popiilus Romanus infero, 
isprinceps poena persolvo. 

Duo superus orator, 
Crassus et Antonius, L. 
Philippus ^ropzor accedo. 

Ii'isp?Lnia. posterns om- 
nis provincia perdomo. 

Primus lux superus 
mons a Labienus teneo*. 

Jam pridem cupio * 
Alexandria, reliquusque 
iEgyptus viso. 

Urbs medius interfluo 
Marsyas amnis, fabulosus 
Graecus carmen inclytus. 

Postquam in ager Ro- 
manus venio*, obviam hos- 
tis^ consul eo. 

Irritatus utrinque ani- 
mus discedoK 



* sing. ' lit. that being armed they would seize. " fern. * pi 
• § 275, III. R. 4. / § 229. ^ § 145, II. * & 145, 1. 2. * § 184, 2. 
i §228. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The drones'* are without a sting*, as it were'' imperfect 
bees, and*^ the slaves* of the triie bees. The auxiliaries^ o*' 
he King, embarrassed and confused^ ^ because'' they had 
4 * 



42 - ADJECTIVES. ^ 205 

marched* in no order, betake^ themselves to flight. Cattle^. 
(when) dispersed^ follow the herds of their own species'". 
Jugurlha, by secret"^ paths" , gets the start^ of the army of 
Metellus. The ears have properly' been placed' in the 
higher^ parts of the body', since they ought" to receive" 
sound, which naturally"' ascends"". A hundred brazen bars^ 
close the gates of war. Dionysius used^ to harangue"" from 
I lofty tower. In the Alps white^^ hares (are found,)"" for 
which'''^, during the winter*", the ancients •''•^ believed that 
snow served^^ for food''''. Verres placed tents^ composed^^ 
of curtains of fine linen ^^', near** the very fnouth'^ of the 
harbor. 

"" fucus. * aculeus. "^ velut. ^ et quasi. * servus. ■f auxilium. 
^ irnpedio ac perturbo. '^ quod. * to march, iter facio. J conjicio, 
* pecus, udis. ' dispello. *" genus. " occultus. " iter. ^ to get 
the start, antevenio. ^ recte. ^ coUoco, § 280, 1, (a.) * altus, pos. * pi. 
" debeo, § 263, 5. " percipio. ^ § 247. * to ascend, sublime feror, 
§266,1. yvectis. ^ soleo. "" concionor. *^ candidus. '''§209, 
R. 4. '^rf§223. " hibernis mensibus, § 253. //antiquus. e"*^ § 227, 
R. 3, (a.) '''' pro cibatu. '^ intentus. i^ curtains of fine linen, carbaseus 
velum. *^ propter. '^ introitus. 

Caesar erected", on the extremity^ of the bridge, a tower* 
of four stories'^, and gave the command" of that place -^ to 
T. Volcatius^. Virgil invokes Ceres and Liber, because'^ 
their productions^ are most necessary J for* the service' of 
men. Neither*" meat, drink^ , loakefulness" , nor sleep, are 
salutary^ for us', without a certain*^ limitation*. The wall 
and the gate had been struck^ by lightning". Neither could 
Pompey bear* an equal, nor Caesar a superior. Nightingales 
lay", in the beginning' of spring, at the most^, six eggs. 
The Eunuch was acted'' twice in a day. Sergestus is carried 
in the great' Centaur. Let an indulgent"" friend, as is 
just^**, set off"" my good (qualities) against my faults'*''. The 
age in which"" Pericles lived ^rs^^-^ produced^^ at Athens''''' 
an almost'' perfect orator. 

" constituo. «• § 205, R. 17. " § 79, 3. ^ tabulatum. * to give 
the command, prsBficio. / § 224. ^ § 229. ^ quod. * fruclus. i § 126, 
5, {a ) & 127, 1. * ad. ' utilltas. *" non before each nominative 
" humor. " vigilia. ^ saluber. ' ^ 222, 3. *" quidam. * mensura 
' tango. " de coelo. " fero, ind. imp. "" pario. * primus. " ai 
fhe most, ciim plurTmum. ' fern. "" dulcis. ^^ sequum. '^^ com 
)f'nso. -fi K. 7, (2 ) *' k 253. // § 205, R. 17. ^^ fero. ** § 254 
'* prope 



5 206. RELATIVES. 43 

I begin" to seek'' not only gratification*, but also glory 
from this pursuif^, since* it has been approved by your judg- 
ment, a most grave and learned/ man^ . The Samnites said 
that they'' had tried' aiP (methods, to ascertain) if they 
could support*, by their^ owri^ strength", so great a weight" 
of war. Mithridates said^ that he'' had taken' Cappadocia 
by his own'^ power'' alone' , without the assistance' of any" 
of the soldiers. Do you not think" that my prayers'*, (when) 
present'", would have benefited"^ him^, to whom my name, 
(when) absent^, had been an honor*? (Their) siv if tness 
and the country"'"' (being) unknown'''' to the enemy, de- 
finded"" most'''^ (of them.) A free state^' and a monarch 
are naturally-''^'' hostile^ ^ to each other''''. Do you fear'' 
lest your house, (the house) of so distinguished ■'•^ a man and 
citizen, should be deserted** ? 

" iticipio. * peto. " oblectatio. "^ studium. * postquam. /eru- 
ditus. ^ § 205, Pv. 13, (h.) f^ § 239. * experior, § 272 
' R. 7, (2.) * tolero. • suusmet. *" ipse, ^o-cn., R. 13. " pL "moles. 
" § 280, 1, (a.) ' capio, § 272. '" ouera. * imus, R. 13. ' auxilium. 
" quisquam ' puto. " R. 13. * prosum,§ 268, R. 5, (a.) v § 22.3. 
* § 227. *"* regio. '* ignarus. "' tutor, R. 2, (2.) ^'^ plerusque 
'* civltas. -^/ § 247. ^^ inimicus. ^^^ to each other, inter se. »* ve- 
reor. ^J so distinguished , talis. '^^ § 262. 

RELATIVES. 

§ 206. Relatives agree with their antecedents in 
gender, number, and person, but their case depends on 
the construction of the clause to which they belong. 

The hour which has passed Hora, qui praetereo 

cinnot return. non redeo possum. 

Bring thou flowers which the Affero'* fios qui amo 

bee loves. apis. 

CsBsar, for the reasons which I Caesar, hie de causa 

have mentioned, determined to qui commemoro, Rhenus 

cross the Rhine. transeo decerno. 

He is rich, whose mind is tran- Dives sum, qui animus 

quil. tranquillus sum. 

The foundation of permanent Fundamentum perpetu- 
fame is justic ?, without which us fama sum justitia, si- 
there can be nothing praise- ne qui nihil possum sum 
worthy. laudabTlis. 



44 



RELATIVES. 



^206 



The husbandman plants trees, 
whose fruit he himself will never 
see. 

How can it be imagined that 
there is anj animal which hates 
itself? 

Who was found, that blamed 
my consulship, except Clodius? 

All (persons) by nature follow 
those (things) which seem good, 
and avoid the contrary. 

Dicaearchus has written three 
books, which are called Lesbi- 

dCS. 

There is no nation which we 
can fear. 

The Egyptians consecrated no 
animal, but for some advantage 
which they received from it. 

We are not those to whom 
nothing appears to be true. 

I will explain those things 
which you desire, as well as I can. 

I expect the arrival of Menan- 
der, whom I was very careful to 
send to you. 

Why am I compelled to cen- 
sure the senate, whom I have al- 
ways commended ? 

All the reasons which you 
mention are very just. 

The consuls came to that army 
which I had in Apulia. 

(1.) The Helvetians appoint a 
day, on which day all should as- 
semble upon the bank of the 
Rhone. 

Caesar knew that the day was 
near, on which day it was neces- 
sary to distribute corn to the 
so'di ;rs. 



Arbos sero ag icola, 
qui adspicio fructus ipse 
nunquam. 

Qui possum cogito 
sum aliquis* animal, qui 
sui odi*'. 

Quis meus consulatus, 
praeter Clodius, qui vitu- 
pero*^, invenio. 

Omnis natura is se- 
quor, qui videor bonus, 
fugioque contrarius. 

Dicaearchus tres libtr 
scribo, qui Lesbiacus vo- 
co. 

Nullus sum natio, qui 
pertimesco''. 

-^gyptius nullus bel- 
lua, nisi ob allquis utili 
tas, qui ex is capio', con- 
secro. 

Non sum is, qui nil 
verus sum videor-^. 

J5,g'm*volo,ut possum^, 
explTco. 

Adventus expecto'' Me- 
nander, qui ad tu supe- 
rus cura mitto. 

Cur sendtus cogo, qui 
laudo semper, reprehen- 
dof 

Omnis causa, qui com- 
memoro, Justus sum. 

Consul ad is exercitus, 
qui in Apulia habeo, 
venio. 

Helvetius dies dico, 
qui dies ad ripa Rhoda 
nus omnis convenio'. 

Caesar intellTgo dies 
insto^, qui dies frumen- 
tum miles metior opor- 
tet" 



5 206. 



RELATIVES. 



45 



(2.) I, who console you, cannot 
(console) myself. 

For the most part, men will- 
ingly believe that which they de- 
sire. 

(3.) The desires which arise 
from nature are easily satisfied 
without any harm. 

Ambigatus, desiring to relieve 
his kingdom from a burdensome 
population, declared that he 
would send his sons to the set- 
tlements which the gods should 
j)oint out by auguries. 

1 trust, such are your prudence 
and temperance, that you are in 
good health. 

(I) who, such is my inatten- 
tion, often did not come near you 
for many days, while you were 
here, am now daily distressed be- 
cause I cannot run to you. 

(«.) Most persons require those 
(thmgs) from friends, which they 
do not themselves give. 

He who does not fear death, 
procures for himself a great se- 
curity to a happy life. 

(6.) I have the letters which 
you sent to Nero. 

(4.) (Those) who seem to be 
doing nothing, are often doing 
greater (things) than others! 

(He) who wishes the kernel 
to be (extracted) from the nut, 
cracks the nut. 

(5.) The grove of Hammon has 
a fountain (which) they call the 
water of the sun ; it flows luke- 
warm at day-break, and cold at 
mid-day, when thfi heat is most 
•ntense 



EgOy ^ui tu confi mo, 
ipse* ego non possum. 

Fere libenter homo 25, 
qui volo, credo. 

Qui cupiditas a natura 
proficiscor, facile expleo 
sine uUus injuria. 

Auibigatus, exonero 
praegravans turba' reg- 
num cupiens, filius mit- 
to sui in qui deus do*", 
autfurium sedes ostendo. 

Spero, qui tuus pru' 
dentia et temperantia 
sum, tu valeo". 

Q,ui, qui mens negli- 
gentia sum, rnultus saepe 
dies ad tu, cum hie sum, 
non accedo, nunc quo- 
tidie, non sum tu,* ad qui 
cursito% discrucior. 

Plerusque, qui ipse non 
tribuo amicus, hie ab is 
desidero. 

Qui mors non timeo, 
magnus is sui prsesidium 
ad beatus vita coniparo. 

Habeo qui ad Nero 
literce mitto. 

Qui nihil ago videor, 
saepe magnus ago quam 
alius. 

Qui e nux nucleus 
sum volo, frango nux. 

Hammon nemus fons 
habeo ; aqua sol voco ; 
sub lux ortus" tepidus 
mano, medius dies quum 
vehemens sum caior, 
frigidus flu ). 



that you are not. 



46 



RELATIVES. 



§206 



(6 ) (a.) At this age, which we 
have mentioned, Hannibal went 
with his father into Spain. 

The people whom you know 
being judges. 

(6.) I opened the folds of the 
door in the narrow passage. « 

(7.) The Volscians, being beat- 
en in a pitched battle, lost Vol- 
scae, the best city which they had. 

Agamemnon, when he had de- 
voted to Diana the most beautiful 
thing which had been born in his 
kingdom .in that year, sacrificed 
Iphigenia. 

P. Volumnius placed in the list 
of proscribed persons L. Julius 
Calidus, the most elegant poet 
whom our age has produced since 
the death of Lucretius and Catul- 
lus. 

(8.) Pausanias was unwilling 
to return to Sparta, and betook 
himself to Colonce, which place is 
in the Troad. 

(9.) The Helvetians are bound- 
ed on one side by the river 
Rhine, which separates the Hel- 
vetian territory from the Germans. 

Ca3sar determined to advance 
to the Scheldt, which flow^ into 
he Meuse. 

(10.) The winds had carried me 
rom Sicily to Leucopetra, which 
is a promontory of the Rhegian 
territory. 

There is a river in Britain, 
which is called the Thames. 

Caesar came to Gomphi, which 
s a town of Thessaly. 

(11.) A f<pw conspired against 



Uic^f qui dico, (tfm 
Hannibal cum pater in 
Hispania proficiscor. 

Judex^ , qui nosco'^ 
popiilus'. 

Ostium qui in angipor- 
tus sum patefacio foris. 

Volsci, acies victus, 
Volscae, civTtas, qui ha- 
beo bonus^ perdo. 

Agamemnon, quum de- 
voveo' Diana qui in su- 
us regnum pulcher nas- 
cor**" ille annus^, immolo 
Iphigenia. 

P. Volumnius L. Julius 
CalTdus, qui post liUcre- 
tius Catullusque mors 
multo elegans poeta 
noster aetas fero, in pro- 
scriptus numerus refero. 

Pausanias Sparta redeo 
nolo, et Colonce, qui locus 
in ager Troas" sum, se 
confero. 

Helvetius contineo u- 
nus ex pars jlumen Rhe- 
nus, qui" ager Helvetius a 
Germanus divido. 

Caesar ad Jlumen Scal- 
dis, qui" influo in Mosa, 
eo constituo. 

Ex Sicilia ego ad Leu- 
copetra, qui"" sum prom- 
ontorium ager Rheglnus 
ventus defero. 

Flumen sum in Britan- 
nia, qui* appello Tame- 
sis. 

Caesar Gomphi perve- 
nio, qui*" sum cpptdum 
Thessalia. 

Conjuro paucus 3onera 



§206. 



RELATIVES. 



17 



the republic, concerning which 
(conspiracy) I will speak as truly 
as possible. 

(12.) You are not reading my 
words, who have been banished 
to the Ister. 

(13.) The Lacedaemonians 
killed their king, Agis, (a crime) 
which never before had happened 
amonor them. 

(14.) In regard to what you 
write, that you wish to know 
what is the state of the republic ; 
there is very great discord. 

(15.) The ambassador of king 
Attalus demanded, that the ships 
and captives, which had been tak- 
en in the naval battle at Chios, 
should be restored. 

(16.) This I will very briefly 
say, that no one was ever so 
shameless, as silently to wish from 
the immortal gods so many and 
so great things as they have be- 
stowed upon Cn. Pompey. 



Hannibal had not expected 
that so many nations in Italy 
would revolt to him, as revolted 
after the defeat at Cannae. 

rhe other citizens in a state 
are wont to be such as are the 
leaders. 

Be such, as you would wish to 
be considered. 



respublTca, de qui quam 
vere' possum dico. 

Nee meus verbum lego, 
qui siibmoveo ad Ister. 

Agis rex, Lacedaemo- 
nius, qui nunquam antea 
apud is accido, neco. 

Qui scribo tu volo scio, 
qui sum^ respublica sta- 
tus ; summus dissensio 
sum. 

Attalus rex legatus 
postulo, navis"" captivus- 
que, qui'' ad Chius na- 
valis proelium capio, re- 
stituo. 

Hie breviter dico, ne- 
mo"* unquam tam impu- 
dens sum, qui a deus im- 
mortal is tot et tantus res 
tacitus audeo* opto, quot 
et quantus deus immorta- 
lis ad Cn. Pompeius def- 
ero. 

Non spero Hannibal 
fore"" ut tot in Italia pop- 
ijlus ad sui deficio, quot 
deficio post Caunensis 
clades. 

Qualis in respublica 
princeps sum, talis rell- 
quus soleo sum civis. 

Qualis habeo volo, tn- 
lis sum. 



• § 162, 4. 6 § 138, 2, (5.) ' § 266, 1. ^ § 264, 7. ' § 266, 3. 
/ § 264, 1. ^ fut. ^ § 145, n., 3. ' § 264, 5. ^ § 272. * § 207, R. 28. 
' $ 251. "* § 239. " § 272. " ace. p § 253. ' sing. ' § 183, 3, 
N. 3, & § 162, 7. ' § 257, R. 7. » § 263, 5, R. 2. " § 204. • masc. 
" neut. * § 127, 4. ^ § 265. ' \ 264. ** fore, &c. ; lit. that ii 
vmid eome to pass that. &c. § 268, R. 4, (6.) *«- § 266, 3. . 



S RELATIVES. ^ 206 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Tne Delphic tablet'' y which is now' in the Palatium, wiP 
serve*" as a proof'* that the old Greek letters* were almost the 
same as^ the Latin now are. No animal , v)hich has blood, 
can be without a heart. Sardanapalus was born in the 
thirty-third degree*^ from Ninus and Semirdmis , who founded 
Babylon. Timoleon, which^ is thought* a more difficult 
(thing,) bore prosperous-' more wisely than adverse fortune. 
Socrates appears'' to me, as^ is agreed' among all, to have 
first"* called off" philosophy from hidden" things, {ffe) 
takes away'' the greatest ornament of friendship, who takes 
from it (mutual) respect'. The earth never disobeys*" com- 
mand", nor ever restores without usury what she has re- 
ceived*. 

« tabula. ^ hodie. ' § 227, K. 3, (a.) ^ indicium, § 227, R. 2. 
' § 239. / qui, § 207, R. 27, (rf.) «" locus. h id quod, (13,) (6.) 
' puto. •' sccundus. * videor. ^ constat. "* primus, § 205, R. 15, (b.) 
" avoco, § 242, R. 1. " occultus. ^ tollo. ' verectmdia. *■ recUso 
• imperium. ' accipio. 

The horses, which" were drawing Darius, pierced* with 
spears, and maddened" with pain**, had begun* to shake off^ 
the yoke, and dash^ the king from the chariot''. The mem- 
ory of Hortensius was so great' that, without (any thing) 
written-', he would repeat'^ those (things) whic¥ he had med 
itated*" with himself, in the same words in which he had 
thought" (them.) Those, whose^ fathers or ancestors" have 
been distinguished^ by some (species of) renown', generally"" 
study to excel in the same kind of glory'. Let every one 
exercise' himself in the art whic¥ he understands". Brute 
animals" do not move"" themselves from that place in 
which^ they were born. Hannibal was doubtfuP whether^ 
he should pursue (his) march'' into Italy, or engage"" with 
the^rs^*"' Roman** army which should offer'*'^ itself. 

" (3.) 6 confodio. ' efferatus. ^ dolor. ' coepi. / quatio. 
* excutio. h § 242. » tantus. ^ scriptum. * reddo. ^ (3.) (a.) 
*" com mentor. ** cogito, § 266, 1. " majores. ^ praesto. 'gloria 
'■ plerumque. ' laus. ' § 260, R. 6. " nosco. ' hrute animals, 
bestia. " commoveo. * incertus. " utrum. ' to pvrsue a march 
inlendo coeptum iter, §265. '"' consero manus ''* § 206, (7.) lit 
with thxt army which should first, &c. "" gen. vl. '^'^ § 266, R. 4 



^207. DEMONSTRATIVES. 4i> 

Thrasybulus, when he had fled" to Phyle^, which is a very 
strongly fortified'' fortress'' in Attica, had not more than 
thirty of his (men) with him. Mankind' have fenced-^ with 
vvalls^ their united'' dwelling-places', which ^ we call* cities. 
Do you think' that those"* who are said to divine, can an- 
swer" whether" the sun is'' larger than' the earth, or as large 
as'^ (it) seems (to be?) What (can be) more miserable than 
this", that he"* who has been^ consul-elect' as many" years 
as'' he has" (lived,) cannot be chosen"" consul ? It is (a say- 
ing) of the Stoics', that no ball'" is in all respects" such as 
another ball is^. 

" c tnfugio, § 263,5, R. 2. * § 44 & § 237. ' munitus, sup. ^ cas- 
b'llua). 'homo, pi. -^ sepio. *^ mcenia. ^ conjungo. ^ a dwelling- 
inter, domicilium. / (8.) * dico. ' censeo. '"§239. "§272. 
" ir/iftker, ne, joined to the adjective. P § 265. « § 256, R. 3. ' § 206, 
(Mi.) * § 256. ^ elect, designaitns. "tot. " habeo. " fio. *§211, 
E. 8. (3,) (b.) y res, § 250. " § 266, 1. 

As mant/"' kinds'* of orators are found*", as'^ we have said 
t'l 11 there are* of oratory A There is, at Syracuse,^ a prison, 
mdde by that most cruel tyrant'', Dionysius, which^ is called 
the stune-quarries^ . When the Carthaginians had heard^ 
tint Attalus and the Romans had departed' from Oreum, 
they feared"* lest they should be surprised" within Rhium, 
t'lat^ is, the strait" of the Corinthian gulf. Pliny affirms 
that this^ is even' the fairest'" j^ar^ of philosophy, to condncf 
public business. Equestrian games having been feigned', 
the virgins, who had come to the show", became" a prey, and 
this'' (was) immediately a cause of war. 

" tottdem. ^ genus. * reperio. ^ quot. * § 272. / oratio. 
^§254. * §248,1. » (8.) > Lautumise. * § 263, 5. ' proficis- 
cor, \ 272 & 270, R. 3. ** vereor. " opprimo. " fauces, v § 200 
(13,) (c.) ' etiam. '' pulcher. * ago. * simtilo. " spectaculum. 



tum. 



DEMONSTR ATI VES. 

<5, 207. 

R. 20. We are speaking of Loquor de is amici*- 

such friends as are known in qui nosco vita communis ; 

common life*^ ; from this number ex hie numerus ego'' ex- 

our examples must be taken. emplum sumo. 

Dirius left, as defenders of this Darius is pons, dum 



50 



DEMONSTRATIVES. 



§207. 



bridge in his absence, the princes 
whom he had brought with him 
from Ionia and ^olis. In this 
number was Miltiades. 

The Volsci had prepared aux- 
iliaries to send to the Latins. In- 
censed at this, the consuls led 
(their) legions into the Volscian 
territory. 

Cassivellaunus sent forth his 
charioteers from the woods, and 
engaged with these, to the great 
hazard of our cavalry ; and by 
this fear prevented (them) from 
making wider incursions. 

R. 21. The peevishness of old 
men has some excuse, not, indeed, 
sufficient, but such as seems capa- 
ble of being admitted. 

Your grief (is) indeed natural, 
but (it) ought to be greatly mod- 
erated. 

R. 22. I do not like it, that I 
have hitherto (received) no letter 
from you respecting these things. 

R. 23. Q,. Catulus was learned, 
not according to the ancient, but 
according to our manner. 

The Capitol was built of hewn 
stone ; a work to be admired 
even in the present magnificence 
of the city. 

Julius Tutor and Julius Sabi- 
nus took part (in the conspira- 
cy ;) the former a Trevirian, the 
latter a Lingonian. 

Neither Thracian Orpheus, nor 
Linus, shall excel me in song, al- 
though (his) mother should aid 
the former, and (his) father the 
latter; Calliopea Orpheus, and 
Linus the beautiful Apollo. 



ipse absum", custos rel in- 
quo princeps, qui sulcuni 
ex Ionia et iEolis duco. 
In hie sum numerus Mil- 
tiades. 

Volsci comparo auxil- 
ium, qui mitto'' Latinus. 
Hie ira^ , consul in Vol- 
scus ager legio duco. 

Cassivellaunus esseda- 
rius ex silva emitto-^, et 
magnus cum periciilum 
noster eques^ cum is con- 
fligo-''; atque hie metii> 
late vagor prohibeo-'^. 

MorosTtas senex habeo 
aliquis'' excusatio% noii 
ille quidem Justus, sed 
qui probo possum videor^. 

Tuus dolor humanus 
is quidem, sed magnopo- 
re moderandus. 

Hie moleste fero, nihil 
ego adhuc hie de res habto 
tuus litercB^. 

Q,. Catiilus non anti- 
quus ille mos', sed hie 
noster sum erudltus. 

Capitolium saxum"* 
quadratus substruo ; opus 
vel in hie magnificentia 
urbs conspiciendus. 

Misceo sui Julius Tu- 
tor et Julius Sabmus; 
hie Trevir, hie Lingon. 

Non ego carmen" vin- 
co nee Thracius Orphe- 
us, nee Linus ; hic° mater 
quamvis, atque hie pate* 
adsum ; Orpheus Calli 
ope a, Linus formosus 
Apollo. 



§207. 



DEMONSTRATIVES. 



r>j 



R. 24. The Sidonian Antipa- 
ter was wont to utter hexameter 
verses without premeditation. 

The celebrated Medea is said 
to have formerly fled from the 
same Pontus. 

Did you prefer that insignifi- 
cant person to all of us, and to 
Plato himself? 

R. 27. The most remote region 
of heaven (still) remains, which 
is also called the ether. 

Whatever is right, is also use- 
ful. 

Nothing is generous which (is) 
not also just. 

What (is there) excellent, 
(which is) not also difficult ? 

The rule of utility is the same 
as that of virtue. 

As consul, you have shown 
yourself the same that you had 
always been. 

The servants were of the same 
character as (their) master. 

How feeble are the sayings of 
the rhetoricians concerning the 
power of virtue ! Even those 
who assent to them, go away the 
same as they had come. 

Virtue is the same in man as 
in God. 

The Academicians and Peripa- 
tetics were once the same. 

I placed Tiridates, born of the 
same father as myself, in posses- 
sion of Armenia. 



Antipater ilh' Sidoniiia 
soleo versus hexameter 
fundo ex tempus. 

Ex idem Pontus Me- 
dea ille quondam profu- 
gio dico. 

Egone omnis, et Plato 
ipse, nescio quis ille an- 
tepono •'' 1 

Resto ultimus coelum 
complexus, qui idem 
BBther voco. 

Quisquis honestus sum, 
idem sum utilis. 

Nihil sum liberalis, 
qui non idem Justus. 

Quis praeclarus non 
idem arduus 1 

Idem utilTtas, qui ho- 
nestas sum regiila. 

Idem existo consul, qui 
sum semper. 

Servus idem mos' 
sum-^, qui domlnus. 

Rhetor dictum quam 
exilis sum de virtus vis!' 
dui etiam qui asseniior 
idem abeo, qui venio. 

Virtus idem in homo 
ac Deus sum. 

Academicus et Peripa- 
teticus quondam idem 
sum-''. 

Tiridates ego, idem 
egocum' pater'^ genitus, 
in possessio Armenia de- 
duco. 



lit. as common life knows. * § 225, III. '' § 266,3. <^ § 264, 5 



/ 



11 nj). 



* §247 

* § 212, R. 1 
R.&, f2.) '§222,R. 7 



s -pi. * § 138, 2: * § 212, R. 3. -^ § 260, R 4 
§^49, II. '"§247. ""pi. "§224. ? § 21) 



§ 246. 



52 



INDEFINITES. 



5 207 



INTENSIVES. 



R. 28. I want not medicine, I 
console myself. 

He acquired to himself the 
greatest glory. 

He who knows himself will feel 
that he has something in him 
divine. 



Non egeo medicina*, 
ego ipse consolor. 

Sui ip<ie pario laus 
magnus. 

dui sui ipse nosco^, 
aliquis sentio sui habeo*' 
divinus. 



*§250, 2, (2.) 6 §1-15, VI. &§ 162, 7. '^§272. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I hate a wise (man) who is not wise for himself^. The 
wise (man,) who neither profits* kimscif" nor others, is wise 
in vain**. Wilt thou, when God has given thee a mind, than 
which* nothmg is more excellent^ or divine, so debase^ 
thyself as* to think' that there is no difference-' between 
thee and some*' quadruped ? We have this primary' desire'" 
from nature, that we should preserve" oursclvrs" . I canno 
blame that in you which I approved in myself. 



• 6 222, 3. 6 prosum. 
pient.A, ^2r)0. * §256. 



§ 224. <* is wise in vain, irrita pollet sa- 



praestans. 



puto. > mhil interesse. * aliquis. ' primus. 



projicio. 



§ 262, 



appetitio. 



R I. 

con- 



•ervo, § 262. ** ipse, agreeing with the object, § 133, E,. 2. 



INDEFINITES. 



^ 207. 

R. 29. Finally you will ascer- 
tain, whether the Faberii incline 
at all to promote this design of 
mine. Should they have any*" 
(such inclination,) it is of great 
service; but if not, let us exert 
ourselves in every way. 



Denique intelligo, ec- 
quid Faberius incllno" 
ad hie mens consilium 
adjuvo*. Si quid sum^ 
magnus sum adjumen- 
turn ; sin minus, quicun- 
que ratio contendo 



J 207. 



INDEFINITES. 



53 



R. 30. If you are in Epirus, Tu si sum in Epirus. 
send to us some letter-carrier of mitto ad ego de tuus all- 



yours. 

These arts^ if indeed they avail 
to some purpose, avail to sharpen, 
and, as it were, to stimulate the 
understandings of boys, that they 
may more easily learn greater 
(things.) 

Even a moderate orator fixes 
the attention, provided only there 
be somethinop in him. 

R. 31. In the golden age, no 
one had either a disposition or a 
motive to injury. 

The gods being duly propiti- 
ated, the consuls performed the 
levy more severely and exactly, 
than any one remembered (it) to 
have been performed in former 
years. 



quis tabellarius. 

Iste quidem ars, si mo- 
do aliquis'^, valeo ut acuo' 
et tanquam irrito ingeni- 
uin puer, quo facile pos- 
sum magnus disco*. 



Teneo auris vel medic 
cris orator, sum-^ mod^ 
aliquis^ in is. 

Aureus seciilum* non 
sum quisquam' aut ani- 
mus in injuria aut causa. 

Deus rite placatus, de- 
lectus consul habeo' acri- 
ter iiitentequequam prior 
annus quisquam memini-' 
habeo. 

Eo forte via* sacer ; ac- 



R. 33. I happened to be walk 
ing along the sacred way, (when) curro quidam, notus ego 
there ran (to meet me) a certain nomen tantum. 
(man,) known to me by name only. 

R. 34. Jupiter is not less afraid 
of evil than any one of you. 



Painters and poets have always 
enjoyed an equal license of at- 
tempting any thing they please. 

R. 35. Every very learned man 
despises the Epicureans. 

The best (men) most regard 
posterity. 

The consul P. Licinius was di- 
rected to appoint the earliest pos- 
sible day for the army to assem- 
ble. 



Jupiter non minijs 
quam tu' quivis formldo 
malum. 

Pictor* atque poeta 
quiUbet'^ audeo" semper 
sum aequus potestas. 

Epicureus doctus quis' 
que contemno. 

Bonus quisque maxime 
posteritas" servio. 

P. Licinius^ consul de- 
nuncio', ut exercTtus' 
dies"^ primus quisque di- 
co convenio*. 



* § 265. * § 275, III. R. 3. ' lit. if there shall be any {thing.) 
^ § 232, (,3.) ' § 262. / § 263, 2. * § 138, 2. * § 253. » § 226. 
'■ § 145, II. & § 183, 3, N. 3. M 254, R. 3, middle. ' § 212.11.2 
N. 2. "» § 275, I. " § 275, III. R. 1. " § 223, R. 2. p dat. ' pnFS 
impers ^ fern. * lit. for assembling, § 275, III. R. 3. ^ imp. 



64 INDEFINITES. § 207 



English to he turned into Latin. 

See how much* more odious'' a tyrant Verres was'' to the 
Syracusans'', than any one of those who preceded* ; since they 
ornamented -^ the temples of the gods, he even took away* 
their'^ monuments and decorations*. C. Gracchus deserves 
to be read^ by youth^, if any^ other (deserves it,) for he is 
capable"" not only of sharpening", but of nourishing" the 
understanding". Virtue has nothing grand^ in it', if it has 
any thing venal. Alexander halted'^ at Babylon* longer' 
than any where" ; nor did any place more injure" military 
discipline"' There is not any one'' of any^ nation^, who 
may""^ not arrive*'' at virtue, having'"' nature (as) his guide. 
Would any^ city have patience with'''^ the proposer** of a 
law of this kind-^-^, that a son or grandson should be con- 
demned^^, if his father or grandfather had done wrong^^ 1 

" § 256, R. 16. 6 teter. ^ § 2G5. ^ § 222, R. 8, N. 'of those 
who preceded, superiorum. / orno, § 263, 5. ^ sustollo. ^ repeat 
deorum. » ornamentum. i § 274, R. 8, (a.) *§ 225, III. ' si qui? 
quam. "* to be capable, possum. "§271. " ingenium. ^ magnif icus. 
' § 208. *■ consist©. * § 254. ^ (Hu, § 194, 6. •* usquam. • noceo 
•" § 223, R. 2. * § 138. ^ § 107. ' gens, § 212. «« possum. «* per- 
venio. <^<^ nactus. '^'^ to have patience with, tero. ** lator. // istiua 
modi. ^^ § 262, R. 1. ^* to do wrong, delinquo. 

When the morals'" of friends are correct^, there should 
then be" between them, without any exception, a community 
of all things, plans'^ (and) wishes. Whom will you show' 
me that sets-^ some^ value upon time'' 1 The gods neglect 
trivial things^ nor descend to-' the petty fields^* and vines' 
of individuals'"; nor if blight" or hail has done injury", in 
some way or other^ , does this require the notice of Jupiter'. 
This is the dictate of nature*", that we turn* (our) counte- 
nance' to the auditors", if we wish" to inform*" them of any 
thing^. Spiders^ weave"" (their) net, that, if any thing^^ 
be entangled'", they may destroy'^'' it. Is any one'" enraged 
with boys^-^, whose age does not yet^^ know the differences'''' 
of things? In proportion as'* any one'' is more crafty ■'•' and 
subtle**, the more" (is he) hated""" and suspected"", (his) 
reputation"" for probity^^ being taken away". 

• mos. f> emendatus. '^ § 260, R. 6. ^ consilium. ' do. / pono. 
«■ § \^S. 2. '' § 223. » trivial things, minima. J to descend to, per 
iequor. '' a petty field, a.^e\\u\~^. * vitictila. *" singulus. " uredo 



^ 207 INDEFINITES. C*'y 

' to do injury, noceo. ^ in some way or otnet , quippiain. § 232, (3 
' to require notice, <^c., animadverto, §§ 274, R. fi, & 22"), ill. *" I i 
is (riven by nature. ' dirlgo, § 273, 2. ' vultus. " § 22o, IV. "§2050, 
H," '^ doceo, § 231. * § 137, 1, R. (3.) ^ aranea. ««texo. » § 138, 
2, (6.) <"' § 145, VI. '^'i § 262. " num qiiis. // § 223, R. 2. ^^ non- 
dum. ** discrimen. " in proportion as, quo, § 256, R. 16, & (2.) 
*i versutus. ** callidus. ^' hoc. "*"• invisus, comp. "" siispectus. 
"^ opinio. J'^ gen. '' detraho. 

It is a dishonorable* excuse, and by no means'' to be re- 
ceived'', if any one confesses** that he has acted* against 
(the good of) the republic, for the sake^ of a friend. De- 
mosthenes used to say^, that he was grieved'', if at any time^ 
he was outdone^ by the early* industry of artisans'. Pains'" 
must be taken" that there may be" no^ dissensions' among 
friends'". We must take care* lest it be said that there was 
in us any^ conspicuous" fault. Augustus performed" (his) 
journeys in a litter"', and generally in the night"^, and that* 
slowly^, (so) that he went"" to Tibur or Praeneste in two 
days'* ; and if he could'"' gef^"* to any place"^ by sea, he pre- 
ferred to sail-^A The senate decreed that the consul should 
look to it^^ that the republic received^" no injury**. 

* turpis. * hy 7io means, mmiTne. *^ accipio, § 274, R. 8, (a.) ^ fateor. 
' facio. / causa. ' aio, § 145, II. 1. * doleo. * if at any time, si 
quando, instead of si aliquando. i vinco. * antelucanus. ^ opifex. 
*" opera, sing. " do, § 274, R. 8. " fio. p that no, ne quis. ' dissid- 
iuin. ^ gen. pi. * caveo, §225, III. R. 1. ' lest any, ne quis. 
" insignis. * facio, § 145, II 1. "^ lectica. ' pL ^ § 207, R. 2H, 
(J.J ^ lentus, lit. a?id those slow journerjs. "" procedo, § 145, II. 1. 
*>' biduum, § 253. «^c possum. ^^ pervenio. "^ if to any place, si quj, 
'/ to prefer to sail, potius navigo, § 145, II. 1. ^^ to look to it, video. 
^''' capio, § 273, 1. •* that — no injury, ne quid detrimenti. 

In Numa Pompilius, in Servius TuUius, in the other kings, 
of whom there are many excellent" (institutions) for estab- 
lishing'' the state", does there appear any'^ trace* of elo- 
quence? I saluted Rufius, doing -^ something^, I believe, 
on'' the exchange* of Puteoli-' ; afterwards I bade him fare- 
welP, when he had asked me whether I had any commands'. 
The whole'" of Sicily undergoes the census" every° fifth year. 
Thirty-three Attic talents are paid^ to Pompey every" thirtieth 
day. There is scarcely one (man) in ten"^ in the forum, who 
knows'" himself The deepest^ streams flow' with the least 
sound. The freshest' eggs are best" for hatching". I think" 
it very foolish not to propose the besf (things) for imitatiop' 



56 



POSSESSIVES. 



§ 20? 



Credulity s* an error rather^ than a fault, and creeps^ most 
-eadily"" into the minds of the best'''' (men.) 

"eximius, § 205, R. 7, (2.) » constitao, § 275, m. R. 3. ^ j-es. 
pubhca. ^ numquis. * vestigium. / ago. ^ allquis, § 138, 2, (6.) 
^ in. * emporium. -^ lit. of the Puteoldni. * to bid fareicell, jub-C 
valere. ^ xohether I had any commands, nuTtiq\ns,\o\o, ^2&5. "* totus. 
" to undergo the census, censeo, pass. " § 279, 14. P solve. ' one man 
in ten, decimus q'-iisque. '" § 264, 7, and Note 2. * lit. each or every deep- 
?st,8ic. 'labor, "aptus. "exclude, § 275, III. R. 3. "" credo. *§ 275» 
m. E,. 3. " magis. ' irrepo. «« facile. ^'^ lit. each best, § 279, 11. 

The Stoics choose" to call* every thing" by its own*" name. 
There are as many* voices in the world/ as^ men, and each'' 
has his own'^. All (things) came* to the mind of Antonius^, 
and that* too e«cA' in its owii^ place, where they could be of 
most avail"*. The Siciili, as soon as ever" they saw diseases 
spreading", from the unhealthiness^ of the place, dropped 
off', each to their neighboring'^ towns. The multitude of 
Grecian painters is so great, and the merit* of each in his 
own department' (is) so great, that while" we admire" the 
best"", we approve"^ even the inferior^. 

* placet, lit. it is pleasing to the Stoics * appello. ' quisque. 
^ its own, suus. * totidem. -^ orbis. ^ § 206, (16.) * lit. and tc 
each its own. * § 145, II. 1. J § 225, IV. Remark 2. * § 207, 
R. 26, (a.) ' § 279, 14. *" to be of most avail, plurnuum valere. " a.« 
soon as ever, ut primum. " vulgo, § 272, R. 5 ^ gravitas. ' dila 
bor, § 209, R. 11, (4.) ^ propinquus. * laus. ' genus. " quum 
• miror. " summus, § 205, R. 7, (2.) * probe. " neut. pi. 



POSSESSIVES. 



^ 207. 

R. 36. My life is as dear to 
me, as yours (is) to you. 

Have you so much leisure from 
your own business, as to take care 
of other people's (affairs?) 

All the seven wise men of 
Greece, except Thales, the Mile- 
sian, presided over their respective 
states. 

The maid, who was mine to- 
day, is now free. 



Tarn ego meus vita, 
quam tuus tu carus sum. 

Tantusne a res tuus 
otium" sum tu*, alienus 
ut euro? 

Septem Graecia sapiens 
omnis prater Milesiua 
Thales, civTtas" ^uus pra3- 
sum. 

Ancilla, meus qui sum 
hodie. suus nunc sum 



^ 208. 



REFLEXIVES. 



i>/ 



Theophrastus informs (us) that 
mules breed in Cappadocia, but 
that this animal is there of a pe- 
culiar species. 

Your recollection of us is ex- 
ceedingly grateful to me. 



Theophrastus pario 
mula'' in Cappadocia tra« 
do; sed sum is animaF 
ibi suus genus. 
• Gratus ego vehementer 
sum memoria ego tuus. 



§ 212, R. 3. ^ § 226. * § 224. ^ § 239. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The uncertainty" of things led* Socrates to a confession 
of {his) ignorance. The speech" of Scipio is in (our) hands. 
(Those) who have sinned, always imagine*^ punishment to be 
liovering* before (their) eyes. Cepheus, with (his) wife, 
(his) son-in-law, (and his) daughter, is said-^ to be adorned 
with stars*^. 



* obscuritas. 
^ stellatus 



' adduce. * oratio. * puto. * versor. ^ trado 



REFLEXIVES. 



<§) 208. Sui and suus properly refer to the subject 
of the proposition in which they stand. 



Atticus did not recommend 
himself to (men) in their pros- 
perity*, but always aided (them) 
in their calamity. 

Agesilaus turned himself against 
Phrygia, and ravaged it, before 
Tissaphernes moved himself in any 
direction. 

Eumenes imposed upon the 
prefects of Antigonus, and extri- 
cated himself and all his (men) in 
safety. 

Hannibal perceived that he was 
aimed at, and that life ought not 
any longer to be retained by him. 



Atticus non sui florens 
vendlto, sed afflictus sem- 
per succurro, 

Agesilaus in Phrygia 
sui converto, isque prius 
depopulor, quam Tissa- 
phernes usquam sui mo- 
veo*". 

Eumenes praefectus 
Antigonus impono, sui- 
que ac suus omnis extra- 
ho incoltimis. 

Hannibal sentio sui 
peto, neque sui^ diu" vita 
sum retinendus^. 



5^ 



REFLEXIVES. 



§208 



I hesitate not to say that every 
nature is prone to the preservation 
of itself. 

(I.) Hannibal ordered the lad 
to go around to all the doors of 
the building, and report to him 
quickly, whether he was block- 
aded in the same manner on all 
sides. 

Themistocles discloses to the 
master of the ship who he is, 
making (him) great promises if he 
would save him. 

(4.) Jugurtha sends ambassa- 
dors to Metellus, to demand only 
his own life and (the lives) of his 
children. 

(5.) Reason and speech unite 
men together. 

(6.) A deserter came into the 
camp of Fabricius, and promised 
him that he would return secretly, 
as he had come, into the camp of 
Pyrrhus, and would destroy him 
by poison. 

(7.) Theophrastus robbed vir- 
tue of its ornament. 

The Roman men did not envy 
the women their glory. 

(8.) Perseus was able to com- 
mence the war at a time very 
favorable to himself, and disad- 
vantageous to the enemy. 



Non dubito dico omniss 
natura'' sum conserva- 
trix* sui. 

Impero Hannibal pu- 
er-^, ut omnis aedificium 
foris circueo^ ac propere 
sui renuntio, num idem 
modus undlque obsideo^. 

Themistocles dominus 
navis, qui sum'^, aperio, 
multus* pollicitus si sui 
servo K 

Jugurtha legatus ad 
Metellus mitto, qui tan- 
tummodo ipse^ liberiqufc 
vita peto'. 

Ratio et oratio concilio 
inter sui homo. 

Perfiiga venio in castra 
Fabricius isque polliceor, 
sui, ut clam venio"*, ita 
clam in Pyrrhus castra 
redeo", et is venenum 
neco". 

Theophrastus spolio 
virtus suus decus". 

Non invideo laus suus 
mulier^ vir Romanus. 

Perseus suus maxTme 
tempus' atque alienus 
hostis incipio bellum pos- 
sum. 



<^lit. prosperous, &c. ^ § 225, m. c ^ 194, 5. d § 239. " § 210. 
f § 223, R. 2. ^ § 262. '^ § 265. * lit. many things. J § 266, 3, 
& 2, R. 4. * lit. life for himself &c. ' § 264, 5, & § 258, R. 1, (a.] 
»» § 266, 2. " § 272, & § 270, R. 2, (b.) " § 251. ^ § 223, R. 2. 
» ^ 253. '" § 263, 3. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

(My) brother Q,uintus justifies* himself strenuousiy* o} 
letter", and affirms that nothing unfavorable*^ was ever said* 



§ 209. SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. t>i) 

by him concerning you. The Allobroges, who had villages 
and possessions beyond ^ the Rhone, betake^ themselves in 
flight to Caesar, and show'' (him) that nothing is left' to /Aem, 
except the soiP of (their) territory*. Romiilus said to Julius 
Prociilus that he^ was a god"', and was called Q,uirinus'". 
The youth", holding the right hand of Scipio, invoked all 
the gods to make a return of gratitude" to him^ (Scipio) for 
himself, since /te' had not"^ sufficient ability* (to do it) accord- 
ing to' his own feeling", and his^ (Scipio's) merit towards" 
him. Darius said that he was an enemy'" to the Athenians"*, 
because'^, by their''' aid, the lonians had taken^ Sardis^. 

° purgo. '' niultuin., " per iiteras. ^ secus, qualifying the verb. 
' § 272. f trans. ^ recipio. ^ demonstro. * rellqiius, § 212, R. 3, 
N.3. > solum. * ager. '§239. "'§210. " adolescens. " to make, 
a return of gratitude, ad gratiam referendam. ^ (6,) (a.) ' § 266, R. 3. 
*" lit. there was not to him, § 226. * facultas, § 212, R. 4. ' according 
to, pro. " animus. ' erga. " § 211, R. 12. * quod. ^ expugno, 
§ 266, 3. * pi. 

The Germans do not attend to" agriculture, and the greater 
part o^ their^ food" consists of milk*^, and cheese, and flesh. 
Pythias, who, as a banker*, was in favor -^ with^ all ranks*, 
called the fishermen to him, and requested of them*, that 
they would fish^, on the following day*", before his^ gardens. 
Most"* (of) the soldiers of Caesar, (when) taken" (prisoners,) 
refused life offered" to them on^ condition of serving' against 
him. Nothing is less acceptable'^ to God himself, than that 
the way* to propitiate' and worship him'^ should not be open" 
to all. 

« to attend to, studeo, $ 223. ^ is, (6,) (c.) ^ victus. ^ ahl. without 
a, preposition. ' argentarius. / gratiosus. ^ apud. '^ ordo. * § 231, 
R 2. ^ § 273, 2. * postridie. ' (1.) "* plerique. " capio. " con- 
tedo. ^ sub. ' of serving, si miKtare vellent. *" gratus. * § 239. 
' place, § 275, m. R. 3. " to he open, pateo. 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 

§ 209^ (&.) A verb agrees with its subject-nomi- 
native in number and person. 

The swallows depart in the Aheo hirundo hibernus 
wniter months. mensis. 

Peace is p'-oduced by war. Pax pario bellu "n 



uO 



SUBJ ECT-NOMINATIVE 



§209 



Philosophy dispels our errors. 

The neck of peacocks shines 
with various colors. 

The earth, from the small seed 
of a fig, produces a large trunk. 

Thirty tyrants, placed in au- 
thority by the LacedEemonians, 
kept Athens in slavery". 

The states of Thessaly pre- 
sented the children of Pelopidas 
with a large estate. 

R. 1, {a.) &, (b.) I expelled 
the kings, ye are introducing ty- 
rants ; I obtained liberty, which 
did" not (previously) exist, ye are 
not vi^illing to preserve it (when) 
obtained ; I freed my country at 
the risk of my life, ye care not to 
be free (even) without risk. 

R. 2, (1.) The Albans made an 
attack upon the Roman territory ; 
(they) pitch their camp not more 
than five miles from the city ; 
(they) surround (it) with a ditch. 

(2.) I am holding a wolf by the 
ears, as-'' (they) say. 

(He) who gives himself up to 
pleasure, is not worthy the name 
of a man. 

Some prefer military to civil 
affairs. 

R. 3, (1.) Evening is approach- 
ing, and I must return to the villa. 

The traveller hides himself 
(under) a safe shelter, while it 
rains upon the earth. 

At night, It lightens without 
thunder. 

(2.) According as (one) lives 
nappily, (he) lives long. 



Philosophia discutu 
error noster. 

Pavo ctrvix v alius co- 
lor nitio. 

Terra ex ficus parvus 
granum magnus truncus 
prucreo. 

Triginta tyrannus, a 
Lacedaemonius praeposT- 
tus, AthenaB servTtus oj)- 
pressus tento. 

Civltas Thessalia Pe- 
lopidas liberi multus 
ager* dono. 

Ego rex ejicio, tu ty- 
rannus introdiico ; ego 
libertas, qui non sum, pa- 
rio ; tu partus servo non 
volo ; ego caput mens 
periculum patria libero, 
tu liber sine periciilum 
sum non euro. 

Alhdnus in ager Roma- 
nus impetus facio ; cas- 
tra ab urbs baud plus 
quinque mille'^ passus* 
loco, fossa circumdo. 

dui aio, auris teneo 
lupus. 

dui trado sui volup- 
tas, non sum dignus no- 
men^ homo. 

Sum, qui urbanus res'^ 
bellTcus antepono'. 

Advespcrascit, et ego' 
ad villa revertor*. 

Tutus lateo arx viatoi 
dum pluit in terra**. 

Noctu sine tonitrua 
fulgurat. 

Proinde ut hone vivo 
diu vivo. 



J20i\ 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVK 



61 



When we come to the end, we 
are all equal'. 

(3.) An orator must observe 
^•hat is becoming, not in senti- 
■ nent only, but also in words. 

The young man mutst acquire, 
the old man must enjoy. 

Which (of the two) should hon- 
est (men) inquire, what porters and 
laborers, or what the most learned 
men have thought? 

The disciples of Pythagoras 
were obliged to be five years si- 
lent. 

It must either be denied that a 
God exists, or (those) who admit 
it must confess that he is engaged 
in something. 

Moderate exercise should be 
used, and not the body only be 
relieved, but (also) the mind much 
more. 

(4.) Wisdom is never dissatis- 
fied with herself 

I am ashamed of you. 

I am not sorry that I have lived. 

(5.) It is the part of a philoso- 
pher to entertain not a loose and 
indefinite, but a fixed and definite 
notion respecting the immortal 
orods. 

To a learned and well-informed 
man, to live is to think. 

(6.) Building began in a certain 
part of the city. 

They began to contend with 
arms. 

R. 4. Why should I multiply 
words 1 

Before (I speak) to the subject, 
1 1 will say) a few (words) con- 
3erning myself 

a 



Q,uum ad exitivs ve- 
nioi'^ omnis in aeqftus 
sum. 

Orator'" quis decet" 
video non in sententia" so- 
lum sed etiam in verbum. 
uvenis jjaro, senex 
utor. 

Uter bonus qu(Bro, quis 
bajiilus atque operarijs^ 
an quis homo doctus sen- 
tio" ? 

Pythagoras discipulus 
quinque annus taceo. 

Aut nego Deus sum, 
aut qui Deus sum conce- 
do^, is fateor is alTquis 
ago. 

Utor exercitatio" modl- 
cus, nee corpus' solus 
subvenio, sed animus mul- 
tus*" magis. 

Sapientia' nunquam 
sui' poemtet. 

Ego tu pudet. 

Non pcenitet ego vivo. 

Sum philosophuF , de 
deus immortalis habeo 
non errans et vagus, sed 
stabilis certusque senten- 
tia. 

Doctus homo et erudl- 
tus vivo sum cogito. 

iEdifico' cceptum est 
in quidam pars urbs. 

Arm a discepto' ccep- 
turn est. 

Quis"" multus. 

Antequam de res pau- 
cus de ego. 



62 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVF 



§209 



(We will treat) of this at an- 
other time. 

R. 5. A short time having in- 
tervened, the enemy, upon a sig- 
nal being given, rushed down from 
all parts, and hurled stones and 
darts within the rampart : our 
(soldiers) at first, with unimpaired 
strength, bravely resisted, and 
from (their) more elevated sta- 
tion, despatched no weapon in 
vain. 

R. 6. I am Miltiades, who 
conquered the Persians. 

To us, indeed, who love you, 
it will be agreeable. 

Be ye all present in mind, who 
are present in body. 

R. 7, (a.) What we wish, we also 
readily believe, and what we our- 
selves think, we hope that others 
think. 

(Him) whom you would render 
docile, you must at the same time 
render attentive. 

R. 9. The victims going before 
constitute not the least consider- 
able part of the triumph. 

The Numidians took posses- 
sion of those places which were 
called Numidia. 

R. 10. The town (of) Stabiae 
existed as late as the consulship 
of Cn. Pompey and L. Cato''. 

R. 11. A great multitude of 
abandoned men and of robbers 
had assembled. 

The rest of the fleet fled, after 
the ship of the pretor was lost. 

A part repair to the neighbor- 
ing cities. 

(2. Gaul takes great delight in 



Hie" alias. 

Brevis spatium inter- 
jectus, hostis" ex omnis 
pars, signum datus, de- 
curro, lapis gaesumque in 
vallum conjicio : nostef 
primo integer vis° forti- 
ter repugno, neque ullus 
frustra telum ex locus 
superus mitto. 

Ego sum Miltiades, 
qui Persa vinco. 

Ego quidem, qui tu 
amo, sum gratus. 

Adsum omnis animus", 
qui adsum corpus". 

Q,ui volo et credo li- 
benter, et qui sentio ipse, 
relTquus sentio spero. 

Qui docilis volo" facio, 
simul attentus facio opor- 
tet. 

Pars non parvus tri- 
umphus swmvictima prsB- 
cedens. 

Numida possideo is lo- 
cus, qui Numidia appello. 

Stabige oppidum sum 
usque ad Cn. Pompeius 
et L. Cato consul. 

Magnus multitudo per- 
ditus homo latroque con- 
venio. 

Ceterus classis, praeto- 
rianus navis amissus^, 
fugio. 

Pars urbs peto finiti- 
mus. 

Jumentum max'ime 



^209. 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 



68 



beasts of burden, and procures 
them at a great price. 

(4.) As one brought aid to an- 
other, they began to resist more 
boldly. 

It had happened that we saw 
each other unexpectedly. 

The best obeyed the com- 
mands of Vocula. 

R. 12. At (the lake) Regillus, 
in the war with the Latins, Castor 
and Pollux were seen to fight on 
horseback, in the Roman line. 

Fineness, closeness, whiteness, 
(and) smoothness, are regarded in 
paper. 

(2.) Passion and reason are a 
change of the mind for better and 
worse. 

The search and investigation 
of truth is especially appropriate 
to man. 

(3.) The forehead, the eyes, the 
countenance, often deceive. 

The chiefs of the Istri, and the 
prince himself, had betaken them- 
selves to Nesattium. 

(4.) As it happened, about the 
same time, both Marcellus came 
to Rome to deprecate disgrace, 
and the consul Q,. Fulvius to hold 
the comitia. 

(6.) I wish to know what you 
and Sextus think concerning the 
whole affair. 

By the advice of Phocion, De- 
mosthenes, with others, was driv- 
en into exile, by a decree of the 
oeople. 

(7.) If neither thou nor I have 
done these (things,) poverty has 
not permitted us to do (them.) 



Gallia ddecto' , isque im- 
pensus paro pretiuui"'*. 

Q,uum alius alius sub- 
sidium/>ro, audacter re- 
sisto ccepi. 

Accido, ut alter alter 
necopinato video. 

Bonus quisque Vociila 
jussum parco. 

Apud Regillus, bellum 
Latinus''^ in acies Roma- 
nus Castor et Pollux ex 
equus pugno video. 

Specto in charta" tenui- 
tas, densitaSy candor, Ice- 
vor. 

Affectus et ratio in bo- 
nus malusque mutatio 
animus sum. 

Imprimis sum homo** 
proprius verum inquisitio 
atque investigatio. 

Frons, oculus, vultus, 
persaepe mentior". 

In Nesattium sui priri' 
ceps Istri et regulus ipse 
recipio'^'^ . 

Forte sub idem tem- 
pus'''', et Marcellus ad 
deprecandus" ignominia, 
et Q. Fulvius consul co- 
mitia causa-'-^ Roma venio. 

Tu ipse cum Sextus, 
scio volo^^, de totus res 
quis existtmo^. 

Phocion consilium De 
mosth^nes cum ceterus, 
populiscTtum in exilium 
expello. 

Hie si neque ego ne- 
que tu facio, non sino 
egestas ego facio. 



64 SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. ^ 209 

You and I were together all Ego atque tu omnis 

that time. is tempus una surd. 

1 began to be in safety, and he Ego in tutum, et ilk 

in danger. in periciilum sum coepi^^. 

" lit. jppressed ioith,^c. ^ § 249, I. '^ See note, p. 10. '^ § 25(5, 
R. 6, (a.) "§212. flit, which. «" § 244. ''§224. * § 2G4, G. 
/ §22;'). III. fc § 274, R. 8, (a.) ' lit. in an equal (condition.) '" §22-'), 
111. " § 265. " pL ^ § 264, 1. ' § 224. '' § 256, R. 16. * § 22 . 
R. (i ' § 215, (1.) - § 211, R. 8, (3.) " pass. inf. ' pres. "" § 229, 
K. 3. * lit. to the consuls, Cn. Pompiy and L. Cato. ^ § 257. "pass. 
Ko § 252. ^f' gen. *'■ ^ing. ^d ace. § 235, (2,) Remark 6. ** § 275, 
n. // lit. on accoimt of the comitia. ^^ § 260, R. 4. ^^ sing. \ 265. 
•* § 'i09, (7,) (a.) JJ perf. pass. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

In these places which we'' inhabit'', the dog-star" rises'* af- 
ter the solstice; among* the Troglodytes, as authors write-'', 
before the solstice. If (those things) which thou dost are 
shamefuK, what'' matters (it) that no one' (else) knows (it,) 
since thou" knowest (it?) The most excellent kings of the 
Persians, diswe" think\ were Cyrus and Darius, the son of 
Hystaspes. It concerned* the Athenians' more to have firm 
roofs in (their) dwelling-houses'", than a most beautiful stat- 
ue" of Minerva ; yet /" would ratlier° be^ Phidias', than 
even'' the be§t carpenter*. If wild animals' love" their off- 
spring", how indulgent"" ought'' we"" to be towards our chil- 
dren*' ! 

* R. 1, (a.) and (5.) \ incolo. '^ canicula. ^ exorior. * apud. 
f as authors vrrite, ut scribltur. ^ turpis. '' § 219, Note. » § 239. 
/ judico. * interest. ^ § 219. "* doinicilium. " signum. " malo, 
imp. § 260. P II 16 esse, § 271 , R. 3. ' § 210. ^ vel. * faber tigna- 
rius. ' a wild animal, fera. " diligo. * partus. "* qua indulgentia, 
§21I,R. 6. * debeo. ^ liberi. 

Nature has defended'^ trees from cold^ and heat by a bark* 
sometimes double*^, Ponipey, Lentulus, Scipio, (and) Afra* 
nius, perished^ in the civil wars, by a miserable death-'' 
(His) long^ hair'' set of' Scipio, and his personal appearance ^ 
not elaborately neat*, but truly manly and military. The 
excellence^ and greatness of the mind shine out' in despis- 
ing" wealth. Hunger and thirst are removecf by meat and 
drink. There was in Miltiades both^ the greatest' kiiidnes.^ 



^ ^OQ. SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. Qlr, 

and wonderful afability\ Galba, having taken* the land 
of Piso, said, Thou and /" speak" to-day to one another" 
with the greatest openness'^. 

* tutor. ^ friffus, pi. " cortex. <^ geminus. * R. 12. ^ by a 
miserable death, foede. ^ promissus. '^ caesaries. » to set off, ador- 
no. J personal appearance, habitus corporis. * elaborately neat, cul- 
tus munditiis. ' praestantia. "* eluceo, R. 12, (2.) " § 275, III. 
R. 4. " depello, R. 12, (2.) p both, — and, quum — turn, R. 12, (4.) 
' suinmus. '' humanitas. * comitas. ' apprehendo, § 257, R. 5 
" the pronoun of the first person is placed first. * loquor. * to one 
another, inter nos. * simpliciter. 

{Ye) have erred gies.tly'^ , Rullus, thou and some*, thy col- 
leagues, who hoped that ye might'' be popular in overthrowing'^ 
the republic. The leader himself, with certain* principal 
men-^, is taken. Atticus stimulated^ all by his zeaP ; in 
which number were L. Torqudtus, C. Marius, the son, and M. 
Cicero. The consuls, Sp. Postumius and T. Veturius, were 
vanquished} at the Caudine^ battle. Hannibal and Philopoe- 
rnen were destroyed'' by poison. The city and Italy were 
consumed^ by internal war. Let religion and faith be pre- 
ferred"^ to friendship. It is incredible how mucn" my brother 
and / esteem'* M. L?Bnius. Peace is obtained'' by war : 
(those,) therefore, who wish to enjoy that' long*", ought to be 
exercised in war. The ivolf prowls about^ the flocks by 
night'. 

* vehementer. * nonnullus. '^ possum, § 272. '^ everto, § 275_ 
II. ' aliquot. / a principal man, princeps. ^ incTto. *■ studium 
* supero. J Caudlnus. * absumo ' R. 12, (2.) "* antepono 
" §214. * facio, § 265. ^ pario. ' is. ^ diutinus. * to prowl 
about, obambulo. ' by night, nocturnus. 

(3.) No one ever consulted a soothsayer* how* (one) ought 
to live*^ with'' parents, brothers, (and) friends. If Deiotarus 
had not returned* from his journey, he would have had to 
sleep-^ in the room^ which, the next night, fell in'^. We 
ought to have resisted Caesar* (when he was) weak^, and it*" 
would have been' easy ; now he has eleven legions, the pop- 
ulace of the city'", (and) so many tribunes of the people. 
At Castabalum, the king meets Parmenio", whom he had 
sent forward" to explore^ the pass' by^ which (he) must pen- 
etrate' to the town' called Issus". 

" haruspex. *■ quemadmodum. " § 162, 15, & § 265. ^. cum, 
repeated with ca:h noun. * § 261, 1. ^ cubo, § 162, 15, & § 261, ) 
6* 



6G 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



§210 



^ conclave. '>- corruo. * § 223, R. 2. J imbecillus. * is. * § 259 
R. 4. *" § 211, R. 4, (a.) " § 224. " to sendfortoard, prffimitto. P § 275 
II. & 111. R 3. ' the pass, iter saltus. *" per. * § 162, 15, imp 
' urbs. " /i£. Issus by name. 



PREDICATE-NOMINATI VE. 



<5» 210. A noun in the predicate, after a verb neu- 
ter or passive, is put in the same case as the subject, 
when it denotes the same person or thing. 



Atticus presented to each of the 
Athenians seven modii of wheat ; 
which kind of measure is called 
at Athens a medimnus. 

They say that there is a wild 
animal in Pseonia, which is called 
the Bonasus, with the mane of a 
horse, in other respects like a 
bull. 

After Hostilius, Ancus Marti- 
ns, the grandson of Numa Pom- 
pilius by a daughter, was appoint- 
ed king by the people. 

It is noble and meritorious to 
come forth the voluntary defender 
of one's country. 

A slave, when he is manumitr 
ted, becomes a freedman. 

Rome, afterwards so great, was 
once a pasture for a few oxen. 

Eight legions, near the Rhine, 
(were) the principal strength of 
the empire. 

The emperor Titus Vespasian 
was called the darling of the hu- 
man race. 

The town of Prestum was 
^.alled bv the Greeks Posidonia. 

R. 1 (a.) M. Marcellus, (after) 



Atticus Atheniensis 
singialus septem modius 
triticum do ; qui modus 
mensura medimnus Athe- 
nee appello. 

Trado in Paeonia fera" 
sum, qui Bonasus voco'^, 
equlnus juba^ ceterus" 
taurus'' similis. 

Post Hostilius, Numa 
Pompilius nepos ex filia 
rex a populus Ancus Mar- 
tins constituo. 

Pulcher* dignusque 
sum-^ patria volens pro- 
deo defensor. 

Servus, quum manus*^ 
mitto,j^o liberfinus. 

Roma posteatam mag 
nus, paucus olim pascua 
bos sum. 

Praecipuus imperium 
robur, Rhenus juxtaocto 
legio. 

Imperator Titus Ves- 
pasianus delicicB huma- 
nus genus dico. 

Oppidum PaBstum a 
GrascusPosidonia appello 

M. Marcellus, TaagnifT 



§210. 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



67 



having exhibited a most magnifi- 
cent show in (his) aedileship, died 
very young. 

The people of Crotona were 
once reckoned among the most 
prosperous in Italy. 

(He) who is born unlucky, 
lives a sad life. 

R. 2. This city is Thebes. 

Formerly crowns were an or- 
nament of the gods. 

That day was the Nones of No- 
vember. 

R. 3, (1.) Aristaeus is said to 
be the inventor of olive oil. 

All cannot be either skilled in 
law or eloquent. 

(2.) The Scythians always re- 
mained either untouched or un- 
conquered by foreign power. 

(3,) {a.) Socrates may justly 
be called the father of philosophy. 

The mind of man, not his cof- 
fer, ought to be called rich. 

(6.) Servius Tullius was with 
great unanimity declared king. 

P. Sulla was proclaimed consul 
by all the centuries. 

(c.) Mercury is reckoned the 
messenger of Jupiter. 

Socrates was judged by the or- 
acle of Apollo (to be) the wisest 
of all (men.) 

N. 1. Xanthippe, the wife of 
Socrates the philosopher, is said 
to have been very peevish and 
quarrelsome. 

N. 2. You yourself are called 
a shrewd and discriminating judge 
of the ancients. 

R 4. Philip, having been giv- 
?n to Alexander, (when) a boy, 



cus'^ munus gedilitas* edi 
tus^, decedo admodumjw- 
venis. 

Crotoniatae quondam 
in Italia cum primus bed- 
tus numero''. 

Q,ui natus sum infelix, 
vita tristis decurro. 

Hie urbs sum Thebce. 

Olim corona deus Ao- 
nos sum''. 

Is dies sum Nonce No- 
vember^ 

Aristseus inventor ole- 
um sum dico. 

Omnis non possum aut 
jurisperitus sum aut di- 
sertus. 

Scytha perpetuo ab 
alienus imperium aut in- 
tactus aut invictus maneo. 

Socrates parens philo- 
sophia jus"* dico possum. 

Animus homo dives 
non area appello debeo. 

Servius Tullius mag- 
nus consensus rex decldro. 

Consul omnis centuria 
P. Sulla renuntio. 

Mercurius Jupiter nun- 
tius perhibeo. 

Socrates omnis sapiens 
oraciilum Apollo jm^co. 

Xanthippe, Socrates 
philosophus uxor, mord- 
sus admodum sumferoet 
jurgiosus. 

Ipse subtTlis vetus ju- 
dex et callidus audio, 

Philippus, Alexander 
puer comes et custos salus 



OS 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. §^11 



as his companion, and the guar- datus, non ut rex modo. 

dian of (his) health, loved (him,) sed etiam ut alumnus 

not only as king, but also as a eximius caritas diligo. 
loster-child, with marked affec- 
tion. 

R. 5. In a tranquil sea, any QuilTbet nauta tran- 

one of the sailors can direct the quillus mare" guberno 

ship; (but) when a furious storm possum: ubi ssbvus orior 

has arisen, there is need of a man tempestas, tum vir" et 

and a pilot. gubernator opus sum. 

R. 6. Androgens perceived Androgens sentio me- 

that he had fallen into the midst dius delapsus^ in hostis. 
of the enemy. 

* § 266, 2. 6 § 211, R. 6. '^ § 234, H. ^ § 222, 3. * § 205, R. 8. 
t § 209, R. 3, (5.) s § 247. * § 125, 3, (a.) * gen. J § 257, R. 5, (a.) 
* § 145, II., 1. I adj. "* § 247. " § 257, R. 7, ^a.) ° § 243, R. 2. 
f § 239, R. 2. 

English to he turned into Latin. 

( Those,) who were" with Aristotle, were called^ Peripatet- 
ics^ because they disputed" (while) walking" in the Lyceum. 
P. Scipio Africanus was chosen'^ a third time prince' , in the 
Senate. Cornelia, of-^ the family of the Cossi, was made^ a 
vestal virgin. C. Claudius Centho, (and) afterwards'^ P. 
Cornelius Asina, r^^ere appointed^ regents^ by the senators*. 
Hail, (thou) first' of all, called"" the father"" of (thy) country ! 
That Phaselus, which you see, (my) friends", declares^ that 
(it) has been' the swiftesf of ships^ 



• § 145, 
*' capio. 
"* appello, 
• § 212. 



, 11. 1. * dico. " inambiSlo. <^ lego. * princeps. / ex. 
* inde. * creo. ^ interrex. * pater. ^ § 205, R. 15. 
. " parens. * hospes. p aio. ' § 239, R. 2. * celer 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



<5> 21 1. A noun which limits the meaning of another 

noun, denoting a different person or thing, is put in the 

genitive. 

The Athenians choose two Atheniensis helium duo 
leaders of the war : Pericles, a dux deligo, Pericles, spec 



§211. 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS 



69 



man of tried merit, and Sopho- 
/•ies, a writer of tragedies. 

The statues of Polycletus are 
ibsohitely perfect. 

Numa was the founder of tne 
divine law, Servius the author of 
every distinction (of rank) and 
of the orders in the state. 

Modesty is the guardian of all 
the virtues. 

The countenance is a sort of 
silent language of the mind. 

The wealth and resources of in- 
dividuals are the riches of thestate. 

The power of nature is very 
great. 

The life of the dead consists in 
the memory of the living. 

The vision of both eyes is the 
same. 

The beginnings of all things 
are small. 

The race of all the Gauls is 
exceedingly devoted to religious 
observances. 

(Those) descended from the 
Sabines were wishing a king to 
be elected from their own body. 

The followers of Pompey, by 
reports and 'etters, were publish- 
ing throughout the world the vic- 
tory of that day. 

Erana was not like^ a village, 
but (like) a city. 

Amidst almost impassable sands 
are the pyramids, raised like 
mountains by the zeal and wealth 
of kings. 

R. 2. Hannibal related to An- 
liochus many (circumstances) re- 
specting his own fidelity and (his) 
hatred of the Romans. 



tdtus virfus"" vir,et Sopho- 
cles scriptor tragaidia. 

Polycletus signum 
plane perfectus sum. 

Numa divlnus auctor 
jus sum, Servius condi- 
tor omnis in civTtas dis- 
crimen ordo(]ue. 

Custos virtus omnis 
verecundia sum. 

Vultus sermo quidam 
tacitus mens sum. 

Singulus facultas et 
copia divitiae sxxmcivitas. 

Vis sum permagnus 
natura. 

Vita mortuus in me- 
moria vivus pono. 

Idem obtutus sum am- 
bo oculus. 

Omnis res principium 
parvus sum. 

Natio sum omnis Gal- 
lus admodum deditus re- 
ligio*. 

Oriundus'' ab'^ Sabinus 
suus corpus^ creo rex vo- 
lo. 

Pompeianus per orbis 
terra!" fama ac literae vic- 
toria is dies concelebro, 

Erana sum non vicus 
instar, sed urhs. 

Inter vix pervius arena 
sum instar mons eductus 
pyramis certamen et ops 
rex. 

Hannibal Antiochua 
multus de fides suus et 
odium in Rnmdnui com- 
memoro. 



70 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



^211 



R 3 And now my illustrious 
spirit will descend beneath the 
earth. 

I pray that there may long 
remain to the nations, if not a 
love of us, at least a hatred of 
one another. 

R. 4. Then the Salii celebrate 
in song the praises and the deeds 
of Hercules. 

R. 5. The cause of the poverty 
of Abdolonymus was (his) hon- 
esty. 

Are you my servant, or I 
yours? 

The knees of the boldest sol- 
dier have trembled a little, when 
the signal of battle was given, 
and the heart of the greatest com- 
mander has palpitated. 

R. 6. Datames conducted to 
the king, on the following day, 
Thyus, a man of very large 
stature. 

Caesar sent to Ariovistus Va- 
lerius, a young man of the high- 
est valor and most amiable man- 
ners. 

The servant of Panopio was a 
man of wonderful fidelity. 

R. 7. King Tarquin lived near 
(the temple) of Jupiter Stator. 

I have read in what manner 
you were conducted from (the 
temple) of Vesta. 

Verania, (the wife) of Piso, 
was very sick. 

R. 8, (1.) Who is there who 
can compare the life of Trebo- 
nius with (that) of Dolabella ? 

Agesilaus, after he had entered 
into the port, which is called (the 



Et nunc magnus egA 
sub terra^ eo imago. 

Maneo^, quseso, gens, 
si non amor nos, at certe 
odium sui. 

Tum Salii carmen laus 
Herculeus et factum fero. 

Causa Abdolonymus 
paupertas sum probitas. 

Tu ego^ aut tu ego ser- 
vus sum? 

Signum^ pugna datus, 
ferox miles pauliiliim 
genu tremo, et magnus 
imperdtor cor exsilio. 

Datames Thyus, homo 
magnus corpus^ posterns 
dies ad rex duco. 

Caesar ad Ariovistus 
Valerius mitto, superus 
virtus^ , et humanitas ado- 
lescens. 

Servus Panopio sum 
homo admirahilis Jides^. 

Habito*' Tarquin ins 
rex ad Jupiter Stator 

Lego,quemadm6duni a 
Vesta duco'. 

Verania Piso graviter 
jaceo*. 

Quis sum, qui possum"' 
confero vita Trebonius 
cum Dolabella 1 

Agesilaus quum venio" 
in portus« qui Meneldut 



^211. 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS 



port) of Menelaus, being attacked 
with disease, died. 

(2.) Solon made it a capital 
offence, if any one, in a sedition, 
had been of neither party. 

Of what rank was Fidicu- 
lanius? Of the senatorial. 

(3,) (a.) It belongs to a great 
citizen, and a man almost divine, 
to foresee impending changes in 
public affairs. 

Hamilcar said, that it did not 
suit with his valor to deliver up 
to his adversaries arms received 
from his country for the annoy- 
ance of the enemy. 

I. is the duty ot a judge to 
consider, not what he himself 
may wish, but what law and reli- 
gion require, 

!„ is the part ot a. judicious 
teacher to observe to what each 
one's genius inclines him. 

It is not less the part of a 
commander to conquer by art 
than by arms. 

It deserves consideration, 
whether it is the duty of a 
brave man and a good citizen 
to continue in that city in which 
he cannot be his own master. 

It is incident to every man to 
err; to no one, except a fool, 
to persevere in error. 

It seems to belong peculiarly 
to a wise man to determine who 
is a wise man. 

The inexpensiveness of Augus- 
tus's furniture is apparent, his 
couches and tables even now 
remaining, most of which are 



voco, in morbus implici 
tus, decedo. 

Solon caput sancio, si" 
quis in seditio non alterii 
ter pars sum^. 

Fidiculanius quis sum 
ordo ? Senatorius. 

Impendens in res pub- 
licus commutatio pros- 
picio, magnus quid am 
civis et divinus paene 
sum vir. 

Non suus sum virtus^ 
dico Hamilcar, arma a 
patria acceptus ad versus 
hostis adversarius trado. 

Sum judez^ non quis 
ipse volo', sed quis lex et 
religio cogo'. (iogito. 

Doctor mtelUgens sum, 
video, quo fero' natura 
suus quisque. 

Non minus sum impe- 
rdtnr, consilium supero 
quam gladius. 

Considerandum sum, 
sumne', vir fortis et bo- 
nus civis, sum in is urbs, 
in qui non futurus'sum'" 
suus jus*. 

Quivis homo sum erro ; 
nullus, nisi insipiens, in 
error persevero. 

Statuo qui sum' sapi- 
ens vel maxTrae videor 
sum sapiens. 

Augustus supellectTlis 
parsimonia appareo, eti- 
am nunc residuus lectus* 
atque mensa qui p^e 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



§211 



hardly elegant enough for a pri- 
vate person". 

It would be tedious, and not 
suitable to the work"^, (which I 
have) undertaken, to discuss what 
Roman first received a crown. 

(4.) Tyre, founded by Agenor, 
brought under its dominion, not 
only the neighboring sea, but 
whatever (sea) its fleets visited. 

All (property) which was the 
woman's becomes the man's, un- 
der the name of dowry. 

Thebes became (a possession) 
of the Roman people, by the right 
of war. 

Hannibal reduced under his 
own power the country which 
lies between the Alps and the 
Apennines. 

(5.) Plato occurred to my 
mind. 

As often as you shall step, so 
often may your valor occur to 
your mind. 

(8,) (b.) It has long been my 
(part) to lament (the state of) 
public affairs. 

In these so great dangers, it is 
your-^ (p^i*t>) Cato, to consider 
what is to be done. 

Who professes that it is his 
(part) to speak upon all ques- 
tions? 

R. 10. Sabinus's backwardness 
in preceding days encouraged the 
Gauls. 

Caesar, on account of the an- 
cient injuries of the Helvetians 
to the Roman people, sought 
^Ptisfaction frou' 'lem in war. 



rusque" vix privatus ele- 
gantia sum. 

Longus sum" nee nisti- 
tutus opus, dissero quis- 
nam Roman us primus 
corona accipio'. 

Conditus ab Agenor 
Tyrus, mare non viclnus 
modo sed quicumque^ 
classis is adeo ditio suus 
facio. 

Omnis* qui mulier sum 
vir Jio dos nomen. 

Thebae populus Roma- 
nus jus bellum^o. 

Hannibal qui inter Al- 
pes Apenninusque ager' 
sum, SUMS ditio facio. 

Venio ego*^ Plato in 
mens; 

Quotiescunque gradus 
facio, toties tu"" tuus vir- 
tus venio in mens. 

Sum me us jam pridem 
res publTcus lugeo. 

Hie tantus in peric 
ulum sum tuus, Cato. 
video quis ago'. 

Q,uis profiteer, sum 
suus, de omnis queestio 
dico? 

Gallus hortor superus 
dies Sahinus cunctatio. 

Caesar pro vetus Hel- 
vrtii '\n']UYiii populus Ko- 
manus ab is pcena' hel- 
ium repeto 



^ 211. GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 73 

R. 11. Now, O Muses, we Pierides, magnus nunc 

shall need** lofty language. sum os opus. 

R. 12. L. Paulus, victorious in L. Paulus, tantus bel- 

so great a war, was not deprived lum victor, non despolio 

of a triumph. triumphus'"'. 

The war with the Helvetii Bellum Helvetii con- 
being finished, ambassadors came fectus, legatus ad CjEsar 
to congratulate Caesar. gratiilor'^'^ convenio. 

" R. 6. f> pi. ' § 162, 20. d § 246, R. 2. * R. 1. / lU. the resem- 
blance of, § 210. ^ § 262, R. 4. '^ § 257, R. I. * gen. J abl. * imp. 
^fem. sing. § 265. *" § 264, 7. " § 263, 5, R. 2. " or, appointed un- 
der penalty of death, § 247. f § 264, 12. « § 265. ^ § 266, 1. " lit. 
of his own right, R. 8, (2.) ' § 257, R. 7. " § 2i)5, R. 2, (2.) " lit. 
of private elegance. " tnd. pres. "lit. not of the icork. ^ § 233. ' § 212, 
R. 3. "" R. o,{l.) f'b lit. there will be need of . ""^§251. '^'^§276,11. 

The whole hope of the people of Utica" was in the Cartha- 
ginians ; of the Carthaginians, in Hasdrubal. The Persians, 
after a dominion* of so many years, patiently received'' the 
yoke of slavery. If your neighbor has'^ a garment o/'^rea^er 
value' than you have, would you prefer-^ yours^ or his ? 
Caesar adapted^ the year to the course of the sun, (so) that 
(it) should consist' of three hundred and sixty-five daysK 
Marathus, a freedman of Augustus, writes, that his* stature 
was five feet and three fourtksK Great is the power"* of con^ 
science. There was a dispute of one day upon" this one 
subject". I know not what the opinion of the people is^ of" 
me. The proof of eloquence is the approbation of the hear- 
ers'". The privation of every pain' has been rightly called' 
pleasure. The whole life of philosophers is a meditation" on 
death. You seem to me to follow the opinion" of Epichar- 
mus. Will you make mention of your consulship ? The 
life of all (persons) depends on'" yours^ alone" . T admired 
Pompey's virtue and greatness^ of mind. The attack* of 
Saguntum was the origin"" of the second Punic war. 
Thales, the Milesian, said, that water was the first principle*^ 
of (all) things. We pursue*"" health, strength*^*^, freedom** 
from pain, on their own account ■^•^. 

" people of Utica, Uticenses. * imperium. ' accipio. <^ § 261, 2. 
" pretium. / malo, pres. § 258,1. 1, (1.) ^ § 211, Remark 3, (6.) ^ ac 
commodo. * sum, § 262. J R. 8, (1.) * is, § 208, (6.) ^ dodrans. 
""vis. " de. "res. ^§265. 'efFectiis. ^ and'io, pres. part, 'dolor. 
• noralno ** comraentatio. " sententia. ^ ex. * uni'.s. § 205. R 13. 
7 



74 GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS §211. 

*' magnitado. * oppugnatio. ** causa. ^^ first principle, pnncip'mm 
** expeto. '^^ pi. " vacuitas. ■^■^on their own account, propter se. 



GENITIVE. 

R. 6. Tarquin had a brother Aruns, a young man of mild 
character^. Volusenus, a man of great sagacity^ and hra- 
very" ^ was tribune of the soldiers. The loss"* of Sicily and 
Sardinia troubled' Hamilcar, a man of great^ spirit. Do 
you reprove^ me, (you) man of three letters; (you) thief: 
(you) scape-gallows'^ ] Bibracte is a town of very great in- 
jluence* among the ^dui. L. Quinctius, the only-^ hope of 
the empire of the Roman people, was cultivating a field of four 
acres'^, across the Tiber. Ambassadors from the Latins and 
the Hernici brought' a golden crown, of small weight, into 
the Capitol. The breadth of the Hercynian forest extends"" a 
journey of nine days for (a traveller) unincumbered". Caesai 
advanced" three days' journey^. The Athenians committed^ 
to Miltiades a fleet of seventy ships. The Caspian sea 
(which is) sweeter (than) others^, breeds* serpents of vast 
magnitude, and fishes of a very' different"^ color from others. 
We sometimes" see clouds of a fiery color. Caesar forbade" 
that the camp should be fortified"^ with a rampart^, but 
ordered a trench of fifteen fed to be made in front^ against 
the enemy. A good man is characterized by°* the greatest^ 
viety towards the gods. 

*ingeniuin. ''consilium. '^virtus. "^ § 274, R. 5, (a.) ' dingo, imp. 
f ingens. ^ vitupero. ^ scape- gallows, fur trifurcifer. * auctoritas. 
' unicus. *jugeris, § 94. ' fero. "* pateo. "expeditus. " procedo. 
''via. 'do. '' § 256. ' alo. * longe. " diversus. * aliquando. 
* veto. * § 272. y vallum. * a tronte. "" lit. is of. ** superus. 

ABLATIVE. 

CaBsar is said* to have been of tall stature, fair^ com- 
plexion'' , dark^ ^y^s^ and sound^ health. Good health is 
pleasanter-^ to those who have recovered^ from a severe'* 
disease, than (to those) who have never had* a sickly body 
Mar cell us labored under-' unfavorable reports, because, m 
the middle* of the summer, he had led' his soldiers to quar- 
ters at Venucia'". Curio was so devoid of memory^, that 
often", when he had laid down^ three' (heads) in speaking^ 
he would add a fourth'. Among' the Romans, scribes were 
deemed' mercenaries ; but" among the Greeks, no one was 



^ 211. GENITIVE AFTER NOUN^. 75 

admitted to that office, except" of respectable' birth" ^ and 
knowny industry and fidelity. Cato was characterized in 
all things by^ singular sagacity"^ and industry ; for he was 
a skilfuP'' farmer, experienced'^" in public affairs'''^, a great 
commander, and a respectable*' orator. Augustus was in- 
formed ^■'^ of what age^^ , stature, and complexion^ ^ , (every 
one) was'*, wlio^^ visited** his daughter Julia. Cfesar sent 
to Ariovistus, Valerius, a young man of the highest^^ valor 
and courtesy'^ '^ . 

" trado. *candidus. '^ color. «^ niger. 'prosper. /jucundus 
^ recreo, pass. '^ gravis. * lit. been of. J lit. was of. * § 205, R. 17. 
' abduco. ^ § 237. " lit. of no memory. " aliquoties. ^ propono. 
9 § 205, R. 7, (2.) *■ § 275, III. R. 4. ^ apud. ' existimo. " at. " nisi. 
"* honestus. * locus. ^ cognituti. * characterized hy, lit. of. "" pru- 
dentia. ** solers. '^'^ peritus. '^'^ respublica, 5ira^. ** probabilis. 
^f to be informed, certiov ho, § 145,11. 1. ^*^ aetas. ^'^ color. " § 265 
'•7' quicunque. ** adeo, § 266, 1. ^^ superus. "*'" humanitas. 

Masinissa is induced*", by no (degree of) cold\ to cover 
his head". The servants of Milo were of faithful and reso- 
lute^ minds' towards-^ (their) master. I have told^ you by 
letter'' what my feelings^ were^ towards* the farmers of the 
revenue'. Of those'" men who are of some^ estimation" and 
rank^, there are in every (part of) Gaul two classes' ; the 
one'" (that) of the Druids, the other of the knights. Murena 
was (a man) of moderate talents\ but of great fondness^ for 
ancient things, of much industry", and great labor". You 
remember" how much I was afflicted''. Dionysius commanded 
boys' of extraordinary^ beauty'' to stand"'' near** (his) table. 
Between Labienus and the enemy there was a river of diffi- 
cult passage'''^ and nigged^^ banks. 

* adduce. * frigus. '^ lit. that he should be of covered head. 
"^ praesens. * animus, /in. ^ declaro. '^ per literas. * voluntas, 
sing, i lit. of what feelings I was, § 265. * erga. ^ a farmer of the 
revenue, publicanus. *" is. " aliquis. " numerus. ^ honos. ' genus. 
^ alter, § 207, R. 32, {a.) ® ingeniura, sing. ' studium. " gen. 
' memlni. "" of how great grief I was, §26-5. -^ § 223, (2,) med. 
* eximius. ''forma. «'=' consisto. ^^ ad. '^'^ transitus. '^'^ prseruptu-*. 

R. 7. Hasdriibal, (the son) of Gisgo, was a very able" and 
distinguished* general. Hasdriibal, (the son) of Hamilcar, 
was occupying" a camp near the Black Stones, among the 
Ausetani. By chance I see there Byrrhia, (the servant) of 
this (man). Strato, (the disciple) of Theophrastus, aimed** 
(to be) a natural philosopher' ; his (disciple,) Lyco, waa 



76 GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. § ^H 

copious-'' in expression^, (but) meagre'^ in matter* I do not 
suppose^ that you are ignorant* what' Antiochus wrote in 
opposition to"* (the sentiments) of PMlo. 

° magnus. '• clarus. "^ habeo, § 145, II. '^ volo. ' a natural phi- 
losopher, physicxis. /locuples. ^ oratio. 'i jejunus. * res ipse, pZ. 
/ arbitror. *^ to be ignorant, ignoro. '•pi. "* contra. 

R. 8, (1.) The features'^ of the mind are more beautiful 
than (those) of the body. Julius had been the qusestor of 
Albucius, as you of Verves. Among the very numerous* 
and great vices, there is none more common'' than (that) of 
ingratitude'^. I had rather* depend upon-^ my own judg- 
ment^, than (upon that) of all others. 

* lineamentum. * multus. "^frequens. <^ ingratus animus. ' malo. 
f to depend upon, sto. ^ § 245, II., 5. 

R. 8, (2.) From" the beginning of the Roman name, a 
law* was established", that no one** of the Romans could* be 
of more than-'^ one city. The law is, if the father of a family 
dies^ intestate*^, let his slaves' and his money belong^ to his 
kinsmen'' and relations'. Leave riches to the ricli!^ : do thou 
prefer virtue to riches". The orator Arrius played-^, as it 
were", the second^ (P^''t) after Crassus'. The senate at 
Nola was attached to the Romans'' ; the common people to 
Hannibal. You know me to be wholly* devoted to Pompey^. 

" inde a. *jus. '^ compSro. '^ ne quis. * possum, f more than, 
pliis quam. ^§ 261, R. 1. '^ intestate. * familia, sing. -^ sum. 
* agnatus. ' gentilis. "* lit. suffer riches to he of the rich " § 224. 
" quasi, ^ fern. pi. ' gen. *" lit. of the Romans * totus. ' lit. Pom.- 
pey's. 

R. 8, (3.) Anger, on account of" another's* faulty is 
(characteristic) of a narrow*^ mind' ; nor will virtue ever be 
guilty-^ of imitating^ faults'^, while she represses' (them.) 
Tiberius wrote back^ to the prefects*^, (who) recommended' 
that the provinces""* should be loaded" with tribute": ("It\ 
is (the part) of a good shepherd to shear^ (his) sheep, not to 
flay' (them.") Pergamus, Ephesus, Miletus, in short'", all 
Asia, came under the power" of the Roman people. 

* ob. * alienus. '^ peccatum. ^ angustus. * pectus. -^ to he 
guilty of, coinmitto. ^ lit. that she should imitate, pres. § 258, I. (3.) 
^ vitium. ' compesco. J to write back, rescrlbo. * prseses. ' sua- 
deo, lit. recommending. "" \ 239. " onero, § 274, li. 8, {a.) & 270, R. 3 



5> 212. GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 77 

last clause. " § 250. ^ tondeo. ' deglubo. *" der"que. * to a me 
under the power, fio, R. 8, (4.) 

R, 8, (3,) (5.) It is our (part) to submit" patiently^ %o the 
wishes'" of the people. It was more becoming in t/ou'^ to 
celebrate* the birth-day of Epicurus, than for him-^ to pro- 
vide^ by will, that it should be celebrated*. To do", and to 
suffer bravely^, is (the part) of a Roman. This is (the 
duty) of a father\ to accustom-' (his) son to do right of his 
own accord*^, rather than' through fear of another"'. 

* fero. * modlce. *^ voluntas. "^ lit. it was more yours. ' ago. 
^ ille, lit. than it was his. ^ caveo. '' fortis, § 192, II. 4, (b.) ' pa- 
trius. -^ consuefacio. * sua sponte. ^ rather than, potius in the former j 
and quam in the latter clause. "* of another, alienus. 

R. 10. Epicurus neglected many (of the) ornaments of 
style'' of Plato, Aristotle (and) Theophrastus. The faults 
of early^ youth of Themistocles were corrected" by great 
virtues. Activity'^ of genius is reckoned* an honor-'', on 
account of^ the mind's passing over'' many things, in a 
short time. 

''oratio. * iniens. ''emendo. <^ celeritas. * habeo /laus, §210. 
' propter. * passing over, percursio. 



PARTITIVES. 

<J> 212. Nouns, adjectives, adjective pronouns, and 
adverbs, denoting a part, are followed by a genitive de- 
noting the whole. 

Mithridates, the last of all t e Mithridates, ulterior 

independent* kings, except the omnis jus suus rex, prae- 

Parthian, was crushed, under the ter Parthicus, auspicium** 

auspices of Pompey, by the treach- Pompeius*, insidife filius 

ery of his son Pharnaces. Pharnaces opprimo. 

On the right and left, about Dextra Isevaque, Da- 
two hundred, the noblest of his rius ducenti ferme nobilis 
kinsmen, accompanied Darius. propinquus comitor"'. 

R. 1. Justice seeks for no Justitia nihil expetc* 

'award. prmmium. 
7* 



78 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



^ 212 



No one of mortals is wise at 
ail times. 

R. 2, (1.) Of (all) the Greek 
arts, medicine alone Roman dig- 
nity does not practise, though so 
profitable. 

Of insects, some have two 
wings each, as flies; some four, 
as bees. 

(2.) Black wool takes no color. 

Degenerate dogs bend their 
tails under their bellies. 

(3.) The last of all the Roman 
kings was Tarquin, to whom the 
surname Superbus was given from 
his character. 

The Indus is the largest of all 
rivers. 

Rome has become the glory of 
the world. 

(4.) Thales, the Milesian, first 
of all amoncr the Greeks, ascer- 
tained the reason of the eclipse 
of the sun. 

In the days of Phocion, there 
were two factions at Athens, one 
of which espoused the cause of 
the people, the other (that) of the 
nobles. 

N. 1. The most excellent of 
the Persian kings" were Cyrus 
and Darius, the son of Hystaspes : 
the former of these fell in battle 
among the Massagetae. 

N. 2. No one of us is without 
fault. 

I have less strength than either 
of you. 

N. 3. Give (me some) proof if 
you are (one) of these priestesses 
of Bacchus. 

Caninius Gallus, (one) of the 



Nemo mortdlis ornms 
hora sapio. 

Solus mediclna ars 
Graecus non exerceo 
Romanus gravitas, in 
tantus fructus. 

Insectum quidam bini 
gero pinna, ut musca; 
quidam quaterni, ut apis. 

Niger^ lana^ nullus 
color bibo. 

Degener canis cauda-'' 
sub alvus-^ flecto. 

Posterus omnis sum 
rex Romanus Tarquini- 
us, qui cognomen Su- 
perbus^ ex mos do. 

Indus sum omnis jlu- 
men magnus. 

Res ^opulcher^ Roma. 

Ratio defectus sol 
apud Graecus investigo 
primus omnis Thales 
Milesius. 

Sum' Phocion tempus 
Athenae duo factio, qui 
unus popiilus causa ago, 
alter optimas. 

Excellens rex Persa 
sum Cyrus et Darius, 
Hystaspes filius : prior 
hie apud Massagetae in 
proelium cado. 

Nemo ego sum sine 
culpa. 

Parvus habeo vis* quam 
tu utervis. 

Cedo signum, si hie 
Baccha sum. 

Liber ^ Sibylla Canim* 



5212 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



duifidecimviri, had demanded 
that a book of the Sibyl should 
be received. 

N. 4. Thales was the wisest 
amoncr the seven. 

The sense of sight* is the most 
acute among all our senses. 

The Borysthenes is the most 
charming among the rivers of 
S^ythia. 

Themistocles sent to the king, 
by night, (one) of his servants 
whom he accounted the most 
fiithful. 

N. 5. There were two wives 
of Ariovistus. Two daughters of 
these — the one was slain, the 
other taken captive. 

In the beginning different kings 
exercised, some their mental, oth- 
ers their corporeal powers. 

N. 6. Baetica surpasses all the 
provinces. 

Brutus proposed to the people 
that all the race of Tarquin should 
be'banished. 

Attalus persuaded almost all 
the Macedonians to remain. 

R. 3. There is much evil in 
example. 

There is much good in friend- 
ship, much evil in discord. 

He who has little money, has 
also little credit. 

What business hast thou 1 

The senate formerly decreed, 
that L. Opimius should see that 
the re'>ublic received no detri- 
ment. 



us Gallus Quindecimvtr , 
recipio postulo. 

Thales sapiens in sep- 
tern sum. 

Acer ex omnis nosier 
sensus sum sensus video. 

Borysthenes inter Scy« 
thia a/nnis sum amcenus. 

Themistocles noctu de 
servus suus, qui habeo 
Jidelis, ad rex mitto. 

Duo sum Ariovistus 
uxor. Duo jilia hie — 
alter occido, alter capio 

luitium rex diversus — 
pars ingenium, alius cor- 
pus exerceo*. 

Baetica cunctus provin- 
cia praecedo. 

Brutus ad popiilus fero, 
\xt omnis Tarquinius ^ew5 
exsul sum'. 

Attalus Macedo fere 
omnis"", ut maneo', per- 
suadeo. 

Sum multus malum in 
exemplum. 

Sum multus bonum in 
amicitia, multus malum in 
discordia. 

Q,ui habeo paululus pe- 
cunia, habeo etiam pau' 
lulus Jides. 

Ecquis habeo negoti- 
um 1 

Decerno quondam se- 
natus, ut L. Opimius 
video, ne quis respubllc^ 
detrimentum capio". 



!^0 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



§212. 



When king Attains had bought 
a picture of Aristides for six hun- 
dred thousand sesterces, Mummi- 
us, suspecting that there was some 
virtue in it, which he did not un- 
derstand, recalled the picture. 

N. 3. For a long time no news 
was brought to me. 

Who is ignorant that it is 
the first law of history that (the 
historian) should dare to utter 
nothing false ] and, secondly, that 
he should fear (to utter) nothing 
true ? 

N. 4. Apelles formed, with 
most consummate art, a head and 
the upper (parts) of the breast of 
a Venus. 

At Pergamus, in the secret and 
retired (parts) of the temple, 
whither it is not lawful to go, 
except for the priests, timbrels re- 
sounded. 

R. 4. Crassus, along with the 
greatest courtesy, had also suffi- 
cient severity. 

Caesar was wont to say that he 
had long since acquired abun- 
dance of power and glory. 

In many places, truth has too 
little stability, and too little 
strength. 

Is it not misery enough for 
Roscius, that he has cultivated 
his estates for others, not for him- 
self? 

He always has favorers enough, 
who does right 

N. 2. I was not even suspect- 
ing in what part of the world you 
were. 

Wherever the right of citizens 



Q,uum rex Attalus Ar- 
istides tabula sexies ses- 
tertium eino", Mummius 
suspicatus ali(/uis in is 
virtus sum", qui ipse nes- 
cio°, tabula revoco". 

Jam diu nihil novus ad 
ego affero. 

Q,uis nescio, primus 
sum" historia lex, nc quis 
fahus dico audeo"? de- 
inde ne quis verus nor. 
audeo" 1 

Apelles Venus caput 
et superus pectus politus 
ars perficio. 

Pergamus, in occultus 
ac reconditus templum^ 
quo praeter sacerdos adeo 
fas non sum, tympanum 
sono. 

Crassus, in ' superus 
comitas, habeo' etiam se- 
Veritas satis. 

Soleo* dico Caesar sui 
jam pridem potentia glo- 
naque ahunde adipiscor. 

Multus in locus pariim 
Jirmamentum et parum 
vis" Veritas habeo. 

Parumne miseria -sum 
Roscius, quod praedium 
suus alius non sui colo'^ 

Sat habeo yavitor sem- 
per, qui recte facio. 

Ubi terra sum^, ne 
suspicor quidem. 

Uhicunque terra et 



§212. 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



8\ 



has been violated, it pertains to 
the common cause of liberty. 

I think (we) must remove to 
Rhodes, or to some other place. 

Our tyrannicides are far dis- 
tant. 

N. 3. Tacfarinas had arrived 
at such a degree of insolence, as 
to send ambassadors to Tiberius. 

We have arrived at such a 
pitch of luxury, as to be unwill- 
ing' to tread, unless upon gems. 

N. 4. Afterwards the consul 
came into the town (of) Cirta. 

In the mean time I became ac- 
quainted with you. 

N. 5. I could wish that you 
would not neglect to write to me, 
so far as you shall be able to do it. 

N. 6. The next day Caesar has- 
tened on his way to Bibracte. 

The day before, the Germans 
could not be restrained. 

N. 7. Lynxes see most clearly 
of all quadrupeds. 

This concerns you least of all. 

Sulpicius Gallus was most de- 
voted to Greek literature of all 
the nobles. 



gens violo" jus civis, is 
pertineo ad communis 
causa libertas. 

Migrandum Rhodus, 
aut aliquo terra arbitror. 

Noster tyrannicida lon- 
ge gens absum. 

Tacfarinas hue arro- 
gantia venio, ut legatus 
ad Tiberius mitto*. 

Ed delicia' pervenio, 
ut nisi gemma*" calco no- 
lo. 

Postea locus consul 
pervenio in oppidum Cii- 
ta. 

Tu interea locus cog- 
nosco. 

Volo* ne intermitto, 
quoad is facio possum, 
scribo ad ego. 

Postridie is dies Ca?- 
sar Bibracte eo contendo. 

Pridie is dies Gerina- 
nus retineo non possum*. 

Lynx omnis quadrupcs 
cerno acute. 

Hie ad tu parum omnis 
pertineo. 

Sulpicius Gallus mngis 
omnis nohilis Graecus lii- 
erae' studeo. 



• lit. of their own right. ^ § 247. " Pompeii, § 9, 1. ^ fern. pi. * pi. 
^ sing. ^ § 204, R. 8, (a.) * lit. the most beautiful of things. » § 145, 
n. i § 239. * lit. of seeing. ' § 260, H. (2.) "* § 223, R. 2, Note, 
[h?s " \ 273, 1 . "In what mood must this verb be put f — By what rule f 
V § 265. 5 lit. that we are unwilling, § 258, 1. 1, (2.) "" § 229. ' § 260 
n. R. 4. « § 223. " § 260, n. * nom. " imp. 



English to he turned into hatin. 

Of animals'^, somc^ are defended" with hides'^, some clothed" 
with shaggy fleeces^, xowe bristled^ with spines ; we s'^e 
some covered'' with plumage*, others with scales^. Of all 



W'i GENITiVE AFTER PARTlTIVLr-.. §212. 

unions'', none is more excellent', nont more firm, than when 
good men, of similar character™, are united" in intimate 
friendship". There are two approaches from Syria into 
Cilicia, each of which, on account of (its) narrowness^, can 
be blocked up' by small garrisons'^. He was the loorst of 
you' all, because he enticed' (you) into a crime". No one 
of us' is the same in old age, as" (he) was (when) a youth. 
It is uncertain how long the life o/" each of us' will he\ 
The Roman power"^ was so^ strong'', that it was amatch"^, in 
war, for any one^^ of the neighboring"" states. The greatest 
of benefits are (those) which we receive'^'^ from (our)** pa- 
rents, while we are either unconscious -^-^ or unwilling^^. The 
city (of) Syracuse is the largest and most beautiful of a\\ the 
Grecian cities. Those of the Greek orators who flourished** 
at Athens are the most eminent^ ; of these Demosthenes is 
unquestionably" ihefirst^K 

° animans. * alius. " tego. <^corium. * vestio. f a shaggy 
fleece, villus. ^ hirsutus. ^ obduco. ' pluma, sing. J squama, sing. 
* societas. ' praestans. "* lit. similar in manners. " conjungo, perf. 
° intimate friendship, (kmi\ia,ntQ.s. ^ angustia, jo/. ' prajcludo. *" prse- 

sidium. * § 212, R. 2, N. 2. ' illicio. " fraus. " qui, § 207, R. 27, 
(fi.) "' § 265. ^ res. ^ adeo. * validus. «« par. ^^ quilibet. 
f^- timtiraus. ^^^ accipio. ** § 207, R. 36, (c.) // nescio, lit. knott 
[}€) not. ^" nolo. '"''sum. *» facile. .?'•'■ princeps. 

li. 3. Ccesar devoted" (only) so much time to these things, 
as* ;it) was necessary" for (one to do who was) in haste'^. 
Ti.ere was (only) so much space left* between the two lines-^, 
as' would be sufficient* for' the onset^ of both* armies. As 
much money (as) each one keeps' in his chest, .so much crecl- 
it"^ he has. Anaxagoras, when upon his death-bed" at Lamp- 
sacus", replied^ to his friends, who asked' (him) whether'", 
in case of his decease*, he wished' to be carried" to his na- 
tive place", ClazomenjE : "There is no necessity"; there is 
from every place'' as ready a passage^ to the lower world^". 
The Romans stood in battle-array"'" from sunrise''* until"" 
late^^ in the day. The Ubii promise** to give more hostages, 
if Caesar wishes-^A I was departing^^ from Athens**, when 
I delivered" this letter^^ for'''^ you. 

" tribuo. * quantum. '' necesse. ^ in haste, properans. 'relin- 
quo. f acies. ^ ut. ^ satis. * ad. ^ concursus. ^ uterque. ^ servo. 
'^ fides ^ lit. iohen he was dyincr. " § 221, I. ^ inquam. ^ who 
dsfced, lit. asking. ^ np annexed to the verb. ® lit. if any thing should 
fiapptif. to him. § 2G6j 2^ I\- 4. ' § 265. " affero. " patria. " no ne 



^213. GENITIVE AFTER A [).l F,{, TIV ES. 8rJ 

cl ssify, ■^ihil n?ce5se. ^ from evcrrj place, undTque. ^ as ready x pas' 
sage, taiitundem viae. ^ lower world, inferi. «« acies. ^ § 274, E,. 
5, (a.) cc in. dd muitus. " polliceor. // § 261, 2. ^^ proliciscor, 
'^^ § 255, 1. " do. JJ pi. ** ad. 

The Gauls were proposing this consolation'^ to themselves, 
that (they) should soon* recover" (what they had) lost. 
Hannibal ravages'' (that) territory which' is (situated) be- 
tween the city (of) Cortona and lake Trasimenus. Fla- 
ininius, having passed^ the defiles^, saw'' only that (part) of 
the enemy'' which was in front^. Words have hitherto^ been 
of no avaiP. I give to you the same counsel as"* to myself. 
What is the reason^ why (those) conversant" with Greek lit- 
erature^, read the Latin poets, (but) do not read the philoso- 
phers ? Exercise and temperance can' preserve*^, even to* 
old age, some (portion) of the original' vigor"^ . The colo- 
nists taken" to Capua, when they were breaking up"" the very 
ancient* sepulchres for building^ their farm-houses*, found a 
considerable quantity"^" of vases''^, of ancient"" workman- 
ship'^''. 

* solatium. * celeriter. '^ recupero, § 272. ^ pervasto. * lit. 
what territory. f supero. ^ angustiae, § 257, R. 5, (a.) * conspicio. 
» pi. J in front, ex adverso. * ad id locorum. ' of no avail, vanus. 
*" qui. " causa. " eruditus. P literffi, § 250. « § 209, R. 12, (2.) 
*" conservo, § 271. * in, loith abl. ' pristlnus. " robur. " dedu- 
co. ^ to break up, disjicio. * vetus. ^ exstruo, § 275, III. R. 3. 
* villa. '^O' a considerable quantity, aliquantum. ** vasculum. 
''' antlquus. <^<^ opus. 



GENITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 

§ 213. A noun limiting the meaning of an adjec- 
tive, is put in the objective genitive, to denote the re- 
lation expressed in English by o/J m, or in respect to^ 

A mind conscious of rectitude Conscius mens rectus 

laughs at the falsehoods of scan- fama mendacium rideo. 
dal. 

Poinpey informed me of his de- Pompeius ego certus** 

sign. sui consilium facio. 

Ser Sulpicius was not more Ser. Sulpicius non ma- 
skilful in law, than in justice. gis jus consultus, quan? 

justitia sum. 



S4 



GENITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 



§2ia 



The soldiers of Sulla, remem- 
bering their ancient rapine and 
victory, were eager for civil war. 

Conon was expert in military 
affairs. 

In Plaio, Socrates feigns him- 
self ignorant of every thing. 

The philosophers of Cyrene 
commended virtue on this ac- 
count, that it was conducive to 
pleasure. 

What servant (is) more fond 
of his master, than (is) the dog ? 

The route, by which all were 
accustomed to travel, was rich, 
and abounding in every thing. 

Pyrrhus was skilful in war, and 
passionately fond of nothing ex- 
cept sole and perpetual power. 

Man alone is partaker of rea- 
son and thought, of which all oth- 
er animals are destitute. 

Pompey was almost free from 
all faults. 

Alexander was by no means 
unskilled in managing the minds 
of soldiers. 



Miles Su\\anus,raj)ina^ 
et victoria vetus me/nor^ 
civTlis bellum exopto, 

Conon sum prudens 
res'" militaris. 

Apud Plato, Socrates 
sui omnis res'* inscius 
fingo. 

Cyrenaicus philoso- 
phus virtus ob is res lau- 
do, quod tfficiens sum*^ 
voluptas. 

Q,uis famulus amans 
dommus, quam canis. 

Via, qui omnis com- 
meo', sum copiosus, om- 
nisque res abundans. 

Pyrrhus bellum perltus 
sum , et nullus res cupidus 
nisi singularis perpetuus- 
que imperium. 

Homo solus sum^ar- 
ticeps ratio et cogitatio, 
qui ceterus animal sum 
omnis expers. 

Pompeius paene omnis 
vitium expers sum*. 

Alexander sum haud- 
quaquam rudis tracto-^ 
militaris animus. 



R. 1 



comp. ' pi. " sing. ^ § 266, 3. * § 145, II. 1. / § 275, III 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Romans, that" they might more quickly^ become" 
possessed^ of the victory, considered* this, what was-'' the 
method^ of transporting'' the goddess of PessTnus' to Rome. 
Maroboduus did not permit^ Italy to be indifferent^ io h\^ 
aggrandizement^ Epaminondas was so observant"" of truth, 
ihat he did not utter a falsehood" even in jest". Darius, un- 



^ :il4. GEiVITIVK AFTER VERIJS <VM,&LC SH 

able to bear^ the truth, ordered a guest and a suppliant, at 
ihat very moment' giving him very u.sefui advice', to be 
dragged away* to capital punishment'. Our age" is not so" 
barren"' of virtue, as"" not to have produced^ good examples 
also"^. Gaul u^as so" fertile of produce"'"' and men, that the 
abundant population^* seemed scarcely capable of being con- 
trolled". Cicero grieved'^'^ because** he had lost by death 
Hortensius, the partner ^^ of (his) glorious labor. The 
.island (of) Pharos is not capable of containing^ ^ di large 
city. We are, by nature, jnost tenacious of those [things) 
which we learn'''' in our inexperienced'' years. 

"" quo. * mature. '^ fio. ^ compos. * cogito, § 209, R. 5. 
/ § 265. ^ ratio. ^ ^ 275, II. ^ Pessinuntius, § 211, R. 4, (a.) i pa- 
tior, § 145, II. * securus. ' incrementum. "* diligens. " to tUter 
a falsehood, mentior. " § 247. ^ unable to bear, impatiens. ' at 
that very moment, tunc. ^ to give very useful advice, maxime utilia 
suadeo. * abstraho. ' supplicium. " sEeculum. " adeo. " ster- 
riis. ' § 262, R. 1. y prodo. ' et. "" frux. " multitudo. 
'^' to be capable of being controlled, regi possum. ^'^ doleo, § 145, II. 
'* quod. /-/^ censors. ^^ capable of containing, capax. '^^ percipio. 
" rudis. 



GENITIVE AFTER VERBS, 

^214. Sum, and verbs of valuing, are followed by 
a genitive, denoting degree of estimation. 

The Romans did not allow the Romanus transalpinus 

nations beyond the Alps to plant gens olea et vitis sero 

the olive and the vine, that the non sino, quo plus sum 

olive-yards and vineyards of Italy Italia olivetum vinea- 

might be of more value. que. 

Cato, leaving Africa, took (with Ex Africa discedens 

him) the poet Ennius, which I Cato, Ennius poeta dedu- 

value not less than any Sardinian co, qui non parvus cBsti- 

triumph whatever. mo quam quilTbet Sar- 

diniensis triumphus. 

It has been well said, that the Tantus sum exercitus, 

value of an army depends on that quantus imperator, vere 

of the general. prodo. 

Canius, an eager and rich man, Emo Canius, homo 

bought the gardens for as much cupTdus et lociiples, tan- 

as Pythius wished, and on the tus hortus, quantus Pythi 
ft 



86 



GENITIVE AFTER VERBS SUM, &/C. 



§214 



folio A^ing day, invites his friends. 

It is most disgraceful to think 
vv^hat seems useful of more value 
than what is virtuous. 

Now that I know the price 
which you will give'', 1 will rather 
brincr forward a bidder, than that 
it should be sold for less. 

R. 2. It makes a great differ- 
ence how fathers, pedagogues, and 
even mothers, speak, whom each 
one hears daily at home. 

N. 1, (a.) Consul is (derived) 
from consulting or judging, 
whence this (form) still remains : 
" He asks that you will consider 
as good," that is, that you will 
judge good. 

N. 2. If shrewd valuers of 
things value at a high (price) cer- 
tain fields and meadows, how 
hicrhly ought virtue to be valued? 

§ 219, R. 5. Whether a pilot 
upsets a ship (laden) with gold 
or ch;iff, makes some little differ- 
ence in the (thing itself;) none 
in the io;norance of the pilot. 

Alexander, having struggled 
but a short time with the knots, 
said, " It matters nothing how it 
is untied," and cut the thongs 
with his sword. 



us volo, invitoque pos- 
tridie amicus suus. 

Plus puto qui utilis vi- 
deor", quam qui hones- 
tus, turpis sum. 

Nunc quum tuus pre- 
tium nosco% licitator po- 
tiijs appono quam ille^ 
parvus, veneo. 

Magnus interest qui 
quisque audio*^ quotidie 
domus" quemadmodum 
pater, pedagdgus, mater 
etiam loquor-^. 

Consul sum a consiilo 
vel a judico ; unde ad- 
huc remaneo ille^: " Ro- 
go, bonum consulo^,'' is 
sum, bonum* judico. 

Si callTdus res aestima- 
tor pratum et area quidam 
magnus cBstimo ; quantus 
sum sBstimo^ virtus? 

Aurum* navis everto-^ 
gubernator an palea*, in 
res aliquantulum, in gu- 
bernator inscientia nihil 
interest. 

Alexander, nequaquam 
diu luctor cum nodus, 
** Nihil," inquam, inter- 
est quomodo solvo-^," gja- 
diusque rumpo lorum. 



* § 266, 3. ^ lit. now since I know your price. " § 183, 3, N. 3. 
1. « § 221, 1, R. 3. / § 265. «' neut. ^ § 262, R. 4. 

§ 274, R. 8, (a.) i^ gen. 



^ § 266, 
* § 230 



English to he turned into Latin, 

I see what" a storm of popular odium^ impends over" me*. 

t he shall resolve^ to go into exile ; but it is worth mi/while^, 

orovided^ that'' be* (my) private calamity (alone.) Epicu- 



§ 215, GENITIVE AFTER VERBS MISEREOR, &C. 87 

rus makes nothing of pain ^ ; for he says, that if he were 
burned^, he should say', " How pleasant this is!" If any 
one now pay only the same house-j-ent"" as" the augur JEmil- 
ius Lepidus, one hundred and fifty years ago", J;ie is scarcely 
acknowledged as a senator. What is necessary^ is well pur- 
chased, at whatever price^. The dangers of death and of 
exile [are) to be little regarded" . A wise man values^ pleas- 
ure very little^ and esteems no possession more than virtue. 

a quantus. * ■popular odium, invidia. <= § 265. ^ § 224. * to 
resolve, induco animum. / lit. it is to me of so great {value.) ^ dum- 
modo. ^ iste. * § 263, 2. / § 229. * uro, pres. ' § 270, and Re- 
mark 3. "* to pay so much house-rent, hablto tanti. " §206, (16.) 
** abhinc, placed before the numerals. ^ necesse. ' at whatever price^ 
quanti quanti. *" duco, § 274, R. 8. * facio. 



<§> 215. Misereor, miseresco, and the impersonals. 
miserei, pcenitet, pudet, tadet, and J)iget, are followed by 
a genitive of the object in respect to which the feeling 
is exercised. 

I am not only grieved at my Ego*^ non solum piget 
folly, but ashamed of (it.) stultitia mens, varum 

etiam pudet. 
We pity more those who do Is ego" magis miseret^ 
not claim our compassion, than qui noster misericordia 
those who demand it. non requiro, quam qui ille 

efflagito. 
Atticus never became weary Nunquam Atticus* sus 
of any business which he had un- ceptus negotium pertcE- 
dertaken. sum est. 

• Pity ye the Arcadian king. Tu Arcadius miseresco 

•ex. 
(2.) Socrates had enough of Socrates ira'' et moles- 
female petulance and vexations tia muliebris per dies per- 
day and night. que nox satago". 

• § 229, R. 6. 6 pi c -^j^ 

English to be turned into Latin. 

I am quite" weary^ of life, every (thing)" is so full of mi& 
erv*^. You wished for' decemvirs ; the senate allowed (them' 



S8 GENITIVE AFTER VERBS RECORDOR, &,C. <§ 216. 

to be created : you were weary ^ of the decemvirs ; the senate 
compelled (them) to quit*^ the magistracy^. 

« prorsus * taedet. <^ omnis, pi. ^ pi. * to wish for, desidero. 
/ pertaesum est, ^ abeo. ^ § 242. 



<^ 216. Recordor, memmi, reminiscor, 3ind obliviscor, 
are followed by a genitive or accusative of the object 
remembered or forgotten. 

The leader of the Helvetii ex- Helvetius dux Caesar 

horted Caesar to remember both hortor, ut reviiniscor"' et 

the former discomfiture of the vetus incommodum^ popii- 

Roman people, and the ancient lus Romanus et pristinus 

valor of the Helvetii. virtus Helvetius. 

A w^icked man will, some time Homo improbus ali- 

or other, remember with sorrow quando cum dolor jla- 

his criminal deeds. gitium^, suusrecordor. 

Caesar exhorted the iEdui to Cohortor Caesar ^du- 

forget (their) controversies and us, ut controversial ac 

dissensions. dissensio obliviscor. 

I have wholly forgotten myself. Vroxsxxs obliviscor ego^ , 

Always remember this, that the nW semper memmi ; 

wise man, who cannot benefit qui ipse'' sui* sapiens pro- 

himself, is wise to no purpose. sum nequeo nequicquara 

sapio. 

« § 262. * gen. ' ace. ^ § 207, R. 28, (a.) * § 224. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

All (men) cannot be Scipios or Fabii, (so) as" to call to 
mind*' the capture" of cities, engagements'^ by land* or sea-^, 
and triumphs. Curio suddenly ybr^o^ his whole cause^ , and 
said that it'' had happened' through the magic arts^ and en- 
chantments^ of Titinia. God himself commands thee to re- 
member '^ dcath"^ . A good man should forget all injuries'" 
In sleep", the mind remembers (things) past", perceives 
(things) present, and foresees (things) future. It is the 
part^ of folly to perceive' the faults of others, and to forget 
(one's) oimf . 

" § 262, R. 1, 2(1 paragraph, last clause. ^ to call to mind, recordor. 
* expugnatio, ace. pi. <* pugna. * by land, pedester. / hy sea, na- 



^217 GENITIVE AFTER VERBS OF ACCUSING, &C. 



sn 



valis. 
cium 



^ ace 
* cantio 



* is, § 206, (13, > (a.) ' fio, § 272. J magic arts, venefi 
io. ' § 183,3 N. 3. '"^m. " § 253. ° praetereo, oe«, 

r>rk r> o /■ \ a r 



cium • canuo. • 9 100,0 i^. o. yen. < 
^ proprius, § 222, R. 2, (a.) ' cerno. *" suus 

§ 217. Verbs of accusing-, convictinp^, condp^nnin^^ 
and acquitting', with the accusative of the person, are 
follow(?d by a genitive denoting the crime. 



Thrasybulus proposed a law, 
that no one should be accused 
nor fined for things previously 
done. 

Some persons, if they have 
spoken rather cheerfully in afflic- 
tion, charge themselves with a 
crime, because they have inter- 
mitted grieving. 

The judges were so provoked 
with the answer of Socrates, that 
they capitally condemned a most 
innocent man. 

Coelius, the judge, acquitted of 
injury him who had libelled the 
poet Lucilius, by name, upon the 
stage. 

You have brought yourself to 
such a situation, that, before you 
convict me of a change of judg- 
ment, you confess yourself to be 
convicted, by your own judgment, 
of the greatest negligence. 



Thrasybulus lex fero, 
ne quis anteactus res ac- 
cuso neve multo. 

Q,uidam, si in luctus 
hilare'' loquor, peccdtum 
sui insi7nulo, quod doleo 
intermitto*. 

Socrates responsum*' 
sic judex exardesco, ut 
caput homo*^ innocens 
conde.mno. 

Coelius judex absolvo 
injuria' is, qui Lucilius 
poeta in scena nominatim 
laedo. 

In is locus tu deduco, 
ut, antequam ego com- 
mutatus judicium co- 
arguo-'', tu superus negli- 
gentia, tuus judicium 
convinco^ fateor 



* § 256, E,. 9, {a.) middle. 
f § 263, 3. ^ perf. 



' § 266, 3. ^ § 247. '^ § 229. * pi 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The informer" accused^ of treason" Apuleia Varilia, grand- 
daughter of the sister of Augustus*^. Caesar accused of ez- 
tortion' Cornelius Dolabella, a man of consular dignity^, and 
Dne who had enjoyed a triumph". These two (things) con- 
nict^ most persons of inconstancy^ and weakness^ ; if thej 
8* 



DO GENITIVE AFTER VERBS OF ADMONISHING, &C. "^i 218 

either despise* a friend in prosperity^, or desert (him) ir 
adversity"*. 

" delator. * arcesso, ' majestas. '^ Begin this sentence with the 
accusative and end with the subject and verb * to accuse of extortion, 
postulo repetundarum. / of consular dignity, consularis. ^ one who 
has enjoyed a triumph, triumphalis. Begin with the subject and end 
with the genitive and verb. ^ convince. * levitas. J infirmita.s 
^ contemno. ' prosperity, bonae res "* adversity, malae (res.) ' 

§ 218. Verbs oi admonishing ^^A\\\ the accusative 
of the person, are followed by a genitive of the person 
or thing respecting which the admonition is given. 

Caecina admonishes (his) sol- Caecina miles tempus 

diers respecting their difficulties ac necessitas moneo. 
and perilous circumstances. 

Misfortunes reminded (them) of Res adyersus admoneo 

religious rites. religio. 

We remind grammarians of GrammatTcus officium 

their duty. suus commoneo. 

Jugurtha, according as he had Jugurtha viritim, uti 

distinguished each one, reminded quisque eflfero, commone- 

(them) individually of his favor. facio heneficium suus. 

This defence there is no one Qui defensio nemo 

in Sicily who does not possess sum in Sicilia, quin ha- 

and read, and who is not remind- beo, quin lego, quin 

ed by that oration of your crime tuns scelus et crudelitas 

and cruelty. ex ille oratio rommo- 

nefio. 

English to he turned into Latin. 

I admonish'^ scholars* of this one" {thing,) that they love"^ 
their teachers* not less than their studies-^. I loill advise^ 
you also somewhat^ respecting* our precautions^. We arp 
warned^ of many (things) by prodigies *", of many in the 
entrails (of victims.) I beg' (you) to admonish'^ Terentia 
respecting"^ (her) will. This ring reminded"* me of Piso. 

" moneo. ^ disciptilus. * ace. R. 1. <^ § 273,2. * prsBceptor 
f lit the studies themselves. ^ admoneo. ^ alTquis, R. 1. * de, R. 1 
f caiitit' . * ostentum. ^ oro, § 273, 2. ^ commoneo. 



§220. 



GENITIVE AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. 



91 



<§> 2 1 9. Refert and interest are followed by a geni- 
tive of the person or thing whose concern or interest 
they denote. 



It was more for the interest of 
the republic, that a Ligurian for- 
tress should be taken, than that 
the cause of M. Curius should 
be well defended. 

I will show how much it con- 
cerns the common safety, that 
there should be two consuls in 
the state. 

R. 1. We inform (our) absent 
(friends) by letter, if there is any 
thing which it concerns either us 
or themselves that they should 
know. 

This very much concerns you, 
O judges, that the causes of re- 
spectable men should not be esti- 
mated by the enmity or falsehood 
of witnesses. 



Plus inter sum respuh- 
lica castellum capio" Li- 
gur'', quam bene defendo" 
causa M. Curius. 

Ostendo quantus** sa- 
lus communis intersum, 
duo consul in respublica 
sum*". 

Epistola certus' facio 
absens, si quis sum, qui 
is-'' scio aut noster aut 
ipse intersum. 

Vaster, judex, hie max- 
ime intersum, non ex si- 
multas aut levitas testis 
causa honestus homo 
pondero. 



* § 269. * gen. pi. 
/ § 239. 



§ 278. <i § 232, (3,) and Note 2. ' comp. 



GENITIVE AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. 

<^ 220. Many verbs which are usually otherwise 
construed, are sometimes followed by a genitive. 



1. The horse, dismayed at the 
serpent, pants for breath. 

I did not h€ar sufficiently, nor 
yet did (the nature) of (their) 
conversation escape me. 

2. Refrain from anger and 
fierce contention. 

Cease at length from tender 
complaints 



Anhelo attomtus ser- 
pens equus. 

Nee satis exaudio", 
nee sermo fallo^ tamen. 

A hstineo ira' eali- 
dusque rixa. 

Desino mollis tandem 
querela. 



^2 



GENITIVK OF PLACE. 



'5 221 



It is time to give over the battle. 
He communicates his plans to 
his father's servant. 

3. The prison had now been 
filled vi^ith merchants. 

The earth swarms with wild 
beasts. 

These things make me weary 
of life. 

Now you relieve me from all 
labors. 

4. Cleanthes, the Stoic, is of 
opinion that the sun rules, and 
holds the supreme power. 

Ser. Galba obtained the su- 
preme command by arms. 

The Helvetians were hoping 
that, by means of three very pow- 
erful nations, they should obtain 
the command of all Gaul. 



Tempus desisto pugna. 

Paternus servus suus 
participo consilium. 

Complco jam inercdtor 
career. 

Terra yera scato. 

Hie res vita ego sat 
uro. 

Ego oranis jam labot 
levo. 

Cleanthes Stoicus sol 
dominor et res potior 
puto. 

Arm a Ser. Galba res*^ 
adipiscor. 

Helvetii per tres potens 
popiilus tot us Gallia sui 
potior possum spero. 



imp. 



pass. * pi. ^ gen. pi. 



GENITIVE OF PLACE. 



<5> 221. The name of a town in which any thing is 
said to he, or to he done, if of the first or second declen- 
sion and singular number, is put in the genitive. 



Artemisia, the wife of Mau- 
solus, king of Caria, made that 
noble sepulchre at Halicarnassus. 

There are often such varieties 
in the weather, that it is different 
at Rome and at Tusculum. 

Paulus JEmilius went to the 
temple of Jupiter Trophonius at 
Lebadia. 

The expectation of letters de- 
tains me at Thessalonica. 



Artemisia, Mausolus, 
Caria rex, uxor, nobilis 
ille Halicarnassus facio 
sepulchrum. 

Tempestas tantus dis- 
similitudo saepe sum, ut 
alius Tusculum, alius 
Roma sum. 

Paulus ^Emilius Leba- 
diaiexn^lwrn Jupiter Tro- 
phonius adeo. 

Ego iterae expect atio 
Thessalonica teneo 



§221. 



GENITIVE OF PLACE. 



93 



Dionysius taught children at 
Corinth, 

I seem to be at Rome when I 
am reading your letters. 

R. 1. Conon resided for the 
most part in Cyprus, Iphicrates 
in Thrace, Timotheus in Lesbos, 
Chares in Sigeum. 

Miltiades had (his) home in 
Chersonesus. 

(I) was not allowed to stay at 
Malta. 

R. 2. At Tarsus, a city of 
Cilicia, is a river named the 
Cydnus. 

The Greeks, having heard of 
the flight of the king, resolved to 
break down the bridge which he 
had made at Abydus. 

R. 3. TuUus Hostilius thought 
that the bodies of the youths would 
be more healthy in service than at 
home. 

The saying of Plato is too 
sublime for us, lying on the 
earth, to look up to it. 

Clodius was caught at Caesar's 
house. 



Dionysius CorintJiu 
puer doceo. 

Roma videor sum cum 
tuus literae lego. 

Conon multum Cyprus 
vivo, Iphicrates in Thra- 
cia, Timotheus Lesbos, 
Chares in Sigeum. 

Miltiades domus Cher- 
sonesus habeo"'. 

Melita sum non licet*. 

Cilicia civTtas Tarsus 
flumen sum nomen* Cyd- 
nus. 

Graecus, auditus rex fu- 
ga% consilium ineo pons 
interrumpo** qui ille Ahy- 
dus facio. 

Credo Tullus Hostilius 
saluber militia quam do- 
mus juvenis corpus fore. 

Plato vox altus* sum 
quam ut is-^ ego, humus 
stratus, suspicio possum. 

Clodius deprehendo 
domus Caesar. 



* imp. b § 250. ' § 257, R. 5, (a.) <i § 275, U. ' § 256. K. 9, {a.) 
med. /§229. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

In war, Laelius honored" Scipio as a god ; at home, Scipio 
venerated* Laelius as a parent*". The mother of Darius'^, when 
the news' of^ Alexander's death was brought^ (to her,) put 
on'' mourning*, and, tearing^ (her) hair'', threw' her body ow 
the ground'". Hercules is honored" most at Tyre. 

" colo. * observe . " lit. in place of a parent. ** § 279, 10, (a.) * fama 
f de. ^ perfero, § 257, R. 1. '' sumo. * vestis lugubris. J lacero 
* cnais, § 257, R. 5, (a. ' abjicio. *" end with accusative and verb. 



94 



DATIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 



^5^ 22a 



DATIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 

§ 222, 8. A noun limiting the meaning of an 
adjective, is put in the dative, to denote the object to 
which the quality is directed. 



The Jugurthine war was car- 
ried on by Q,. Metellus, second 
to no (man) of his age. 

Q,. Catulus said that Poinpey 
was indeed an illustrious man, 
but already too great for a free 
state. 

The Lacedaemonians were 
wont to consider rather' what 
was useful to their own rule, 
than to the whole of Greece. 

The degrees of honor are 
equal to the highest and lowest 
men; (those of) glory unequal. 

Nothing is more suitable to the 
nature of man than beneficence 
and liberality. 

Who (is) dearer to a brother 
than a brother? 

Death is common to every age. 

I see not why the son might 
not have been like the father. 

His death was correspondent 
to a life spent in the most virtu- 
ous and honorable manner. 

I think it necessary for me to 
philosophize. 

You have done (what is) very 
agreeable to me, in sending me 
Serapion's book. 

Your discourse against Epi- 
curus was pleasing to our (friend) 
Balbus. 



Bellum Jugurthinus 
gero per Q,. Metellus", 
nullus secundus saeculum 
suus. 

d. Catulus dico sum 
quidem prsBclarus vir* 
Pompeius, sed nimius jam 
liber respuhlica. 

Lacedaemonius is po- 
tiijs intueor, quis ipse 
dominatio, quam quis uni- 
versus Grcecia utilis sum*^ 

Honor' gradus superus 
homo et inferus sum par ; 
gloria dispar. 

Beneficentia-^ ac libe- 
ralitas nihil sum natura 
homo accommoddtus. 

duis amicus f rater 
quam frater? 

Mors communis sum 
omnis cBtas. 

Non video cur filius 
non pater similis sum 
possum*^. 

Is mors consentaneus 
vita sum sancte honeste- 
que actus. 

Ego philosophor arbi- 
tror necesse sum. 

Facio ego pergrdtuSy 
quod^ Serapion liber ad 
ego mitto. 

Jucundus Ralhus nos- 
ter sermo tuus contra 
Epicurus sum. 



J 222. 



DATIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 



95 



Antony is equal to Catiline in 
wickedness. 

The enemy is at Cyrrhestica, 
which part of Syria is adjoining 
to my province. 

Why have you been so familiar 
with him, as to lend him money ? 

I fear lest the name of philoso- 
phy may be hateful to some good 
men. 

Men can be very useful to 
men. 

R. 1. The defeat of the Athe- 
nians happened, not by the valor 
of their adversaries, but by their 
own insubordination; because, 
not obeying their commanders, 
they wandered about the fields. 

Let the overseer be obedient to 
(his) master. 

R. 2. Thou art like thy master. 

The investigation of truth is 
peculiar to man. 

This is indeed common to all 
the philosophers. 

The family of D. Brutus was 
not averse to the design. 

R. 3. I am conscious of no 
offence. 

R. 4. I spend all (my) time in 
these studies, that I may be the 
better prepared for practice in 
the forum. 

R. 5. Jugurtha stations his 
foot-soldiers nearer the mountain. 

The Ubii live nearest to the 
Rhine. 

R. 6. This accorded with the 
letters which I had received at 
Rome. 

Often you appeared somewhat 
impudent, which is very foreign 
from your true character. 



Antonius scelus* pm 
sum Catilina. 

Hostis sum in Cyr- 
rhestica, qui Syria pars 
propior sum provincia 
noster. 

Cur t3.m familidris hie 
sum, ut auruin commodo? 

Vereor, ne quidam bo- 
nus vir philosophia no- 
men sum invisus. 

Homo homo maxime 
utilis sum possum. 

Clades Atheniensis 
non hostis virtus sed 
ipse immodestia accido ; 
quod non dictum audiens 
imperdtor suus dispalor 
in ager. 

Villi c us dommus die- 
tum audiens sum'. 

Dommus similis sum. 

Inquisitto verum sum 
proprius homo. 

Hie quidem communis 
sum omnis philosophus. 

Domus D. Brutus non 
alienus consilium sum. 

Ego nullus noxa^ con- 
scius sum. 

Ego omnis tempus in 
hie studium consumo, 
quo pardtus ad usus fo- 
rensis sum possum*. 

Jugurtha propior mom, 
pedes colloco. 

Ubii propior Rhenub 
incolo. 

Is sum consfMtaneus 
cum is Uteres, qui ego 
Roma accipio. 

SfEpe, qui' a tu alienus 
sum,subimpiidens cideor 



t5 liATIVE AFTER VERBS. <J 223. 

R. 7. Homer has sunk to the Homerus idem alius 
same repose as others. sopio"* quies". 

» § 247, R. 4. * § 210. ' lit. this rather. ^ § 265. 'pi. / \ 256 
^ § 273, 6. A § 250. » § 260, R. 6. ^ § 213. * § 262. ' § 206, (13.) 
•" pass. " § 249. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

It is proper", first to be (one's) self* a good man, then t(j 
seek*" another like one^s self^. Agitation of mind is natural * 
to us. Fame is never equal to thy labor. The system-^ of 
the Cynics is unfriendly^ to modesty'^, without which there 
can be nothing right, nothing virtuous\ It is easy for an 
innocent (man) to find words ; it is difficult for a miserable 
{man) to observe-' due bounds*' in (his) words'. The change 
of an inveterate habit™ is disagreeable"^ to elderly" [men.) 
Most^ (persons) say that their own' dangers are nearer to 
them^ than (those) of others. Reason is the peculiar' good 
of man; other (things) are common to him with the animals. 
Many punishments'^ are not less disgraceful^ to a prince, 
than many funerals to a physician. We wish to be rich, not 
for ourselves alone, but /br our children^ relatives^ friends, 
and, most of all", for the republic. 

" par. ^ {one's) self, ipse. ' quaero. '^ one's self, sui, E,. 2, {b.) * pro- 
prius. f ratio. ^ inimicus. * verecundia. * honestus. ^ teneo 
* due bounds, modus. ' gen. "* mos. " gravis. " comp. ^ ple- 
rusque. ' § 208. '' supplicium. * turpis. ' propinquus. " most oj 
all, max! me. 



DATIVE AFTER VERBS. 

<§> 223. A noun, limiting the meaning of a verb, is 
put in the dative, to denote the object to or for which 
aiiy thing is, or is done. 

We ought to grant much to Tribuo multus senec- 

old age. tus debeo. 

Mithridates promised tho king Mithridates polliceoi 

that he would kill Dfit-.tnes, if the rex sui Dat^mes* inter 



§ 223. 



DATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



bl 



kino- would allow him to do what 
tie pleased. 

The high-priest committed to 
writing the events of every year, 
and exhibited the tablet at (his) 
house, that the people might have 
the means of becoming acquaint- 
ed (with them). 

Clisthenes intrusted the dowry 
of his daughters to the Samian 
Juno. 

You must be the servant of 
philosophy, that true liberty may 
be your portion-^. 

Give attention to your health, 
to which hitherto, while you have 
been attending upon me, you have 
not had sufficient regard. 

Why do you yield, and give 
way to fortune? 

Different duties are allotted to 
different ages. 

He did not perceive that he 
had given immortality to mortal 
things. 

Your (servant,) Nicanor, ren- 
ders me excellent service. 

A share of my trouble I impart 
to no one ; of my glory to all 
good (men.) 

Verres paid nothing to the cities 
for corn. 

I have no one to whom I owe 
more than to you. 

R. 2. No man can serve pleas- 
ure and virtue at the same time. 

He will not resist anger, to 
whom nothing has ever been 
denied. 

It is established by nature, that 
9 



ficio*, si is rex permitto'. 
ut, quicunque volo", licet' 
facio. 

Pontifex maxim us res 
omnis singulus annus 
mando^ liter cb, et pro- 
pdno-'' tabiila domus, po- 
testas ut sum popiilus 
cognosco^. 

Clisthenes Juno Sami^ 
us filia dos^ credo. 

Philosophia servio* 
oportet, ut tu contingo 
verus libertas. 

Indulgeo valetudo tu- 
ns, qui quidem tu adhuc, 
dum ego deservio^ servio 
non satis. 

Cur succumbo, cedoqae 
fortuna 1 

Officium non idem dis- 
par (ctas trihuo. 

Non sentio, sui res 
mortalis immortalitas do. 

Nicanor tuus opera 
ego do egregius. 

Onus meus pars nemo 
impertio ; gloria bonus 
omnis. 

Civitas pro frumentum 
Verres nihil solvo. 

Ego habeo qui plus 
quam tu debto'' nemo. 

Voluptas^, simul, et 
virtus nemo servio pos- 
sum. 

Non resisto ira, qui 
nihil unquam nego. 

Natura constituo', ul 



98 DATIVE AFTER VERBS. § 223 

It is not lawful to injure another, non licet* suus commo- 

for the sake of one's own advan- dum causa"* noceo alter. 
tage. 

Venus married Vulcan. Venus nuho Vulcdnus. 

Hannibal persuaded Antiochus Hannibal Antiochus 

to go with (his) armies into Italy, persuadeo, ut cum exer- 

citus in Italia proficiscor. 

(2.) Caesar directed that two Caesar duo acies hostis 

battalions should repel the enemy, propulso, tertius opus 

(and) the third should complete perficiojubeo. 
the work. 

" § 80, IV. b § 270, and Remark 3. « § 266, 3. «^ § 266, 1. 
• § 262. / § 145, II. 1. ^ § 275, III. R. 1, (1.) * pZ- * § 262, R. 4 
f hi. may accrue to you * § 264, 7. ' perf. "* § 247 



English to be turned into Latin. 

If, after you have taken food, you seem to yourself'^ able* 
to follow" me, it is for you to determine'*. The moderate 
and vvise man will obey^ the^ old precept^ and never*^ either 
rejoice'' or grieve immoderately*. Caesar demanded^ ten 
hostages from the enemy. Nature has not been so hostile*^ 
and unfriendly to the human race' as"" to have devised^ so 
many salutary things for the body" , but none for the mind". 
I was not born for a single^ corner; this whole world is my 
native country'. Many, when they acquire*" wealth*, know 
not ybr whom they acquire^ nor for whose sake* they labor'. 
Excessive" liberty issues'' in excessive servitude, both for 
nations'", and individuals" . (He) who wishes his virtue to 
be made public^, labors not for virtue, but for glory. 

* tu, reflexive, § 132, 4, last clause. ^ lit. to be able. * consequor. 

* it is for you to determine, tuum est consilium. * pareo. / 207, R. 24. 
^ and never, neque before and unquam after the verb. '^ Isetor. * ni- 
mis. J impero, with the accusative if the thing demanded. * infensus 

' lit. the race of men. "^ § 262, R 1. " invenio. " pi. ^ unus. 

* Put the predicate-nominative before Me verb. *" paro. * ops. ' § 265 
" nimius. " cado. *" populus. * privatus. ^ to make public, ^nhWco 

* causa, § 247. 

As", if a house is'' beautiful, we understand" that it** has 
been built for its owners^ , not for the mice, so-^ we ought^ to 
think* (this) world the dwelling* of the gods. Caesar more 
readily-^ promi.^ed the soldiers of Antony*" life and pardon 



5 224. 



DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. 



99 



than they^ were persuadecT" to implore" them". Young men 
should^ aim at^ great (objects,) and strive' foi'^ them with 
undiverted* zeaP, which" they will do with so much" firmer 
a mind, because that age^ is not only"" not envied"", but"^ 
even favored"". Men chiefly^ envy (their) equals or inferi- 
ors; but^ even superiors are sometimes'^ envied"". I was 
never less pleased unth myself ^^ than yesterday"'', for, in 
comply in^ with the wishes^ of young men^^ , I forgot that I 
was an old man. I was pleased with my edict •^•^, he with his. 

'» ut. 6 § 261, 2. " intelligo. ^ § 239. * dommus. / sic. ' de- 
beo. ^ existimo. * § 230. i cito. * Antonianus, § 211 R. 4. 
' § 223, Remark 2, Note, (e.) & § 234, & I. "» ;?a6'.s. impers. § 184, 
2. " preeor, lit. that they should implore. ° § 205, R. 2, (2.) ^ ^a 
aim at, specto. ' contendo. '" ad. ' rectus. ' studium. " ^ 206, 
(13,) (or.) " eo, §256,R. 16. '^ modo. ^ verum. ^ niaxime. * sed. 
'« aliquando. ^ lit. pleased myself, placeo. '^'^ § 253. ^^ to comply 
with the wishes, obsequor. ** lit. who, xohile I yield to young men, 
forgot, &;c. ff lit. my edict pleased me, ^c. 



<§> 224. Many verbs compounded with these eleven 
prepositions, ad, ante, con, in, inter, oh, post, prce, pro, 
sub, and super, are followed by the dative. 



New names are to be given to 
new things. 

M. Antony imposed laws on 
the state by violence. 

Men do very much good and 
harm to men. 

Nothing flourishes forever ; age 
succeeds to acre. 

Antony was desirous of placing 
a diadem oa Caesar. 

Many and various kinds of 
death hang over mankind. 

There is in youth the greatest 
weakness of judgment. 

These adjoining gardens bring 
he memiry of Plato to my mind. 



Impono'^ novus novus 
res nomen. 

M. Antonius lex civitas 
per vis* impono. 

Homo multiim homo et 
prosum et obsum. 

Nihil semper flored : 
aetas succedo fBtas. 

CcBsar diadema impo- 
no volo Antonius. 

Multus et varius im- 
pendeo homo genus mors. 

Adolescentia insiim 
magnus judicium imbe- 
cillTtas. 

Plato ille hortiilus pro- 
pinquus memoria ego of 
fero. 



1 00 



DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. 



§224 



This I cannot commend, that 
Pompey did not relieve such men. 

My books, my studies, my 
(earning, are now of no service 
to me. 

The poets make a rock hang 
over Tantalus in the shades be- 
low 

On this account only you think 
you ought to be preferred to me. 

The spear of Caesar gives, both 
hope and confidence to many 
wicked (men.) 

I prefer not the death of Epam- 
inondas or Leonidas to the death 
of this (man.) 

Consider Democritus, Pythag- 
oras, Anaxagoras ! What king- 
doms, what riches will you prefer 
to their studies and pleasures? 

As long as you laid plots 
against me, (being) consul-elect, 
I defended myself by my own 
care, not by a public guard. 

Let the boy rise up to his 
elders. 

A poet does wrong when he 
attributes a virtuous speech to a 
worthless man ; or to a fool (the 
speech) of a wise man. 

Who can prefer unknown per- 
sons to known, impious to reli- 
gious? 

It does not suit the character 
of a good man to do one (thing) 
Dublicly and another secretly. 

R. 1. He is liberal, who takes 
from himself what he gives to 
another. 

R. 2 Caesar wrested (his) 



Hie, quod talis vii 
Pompeius non subvenio 
laudo non possum. 

Nunc ego nihil" liber, 
nihil literae, nihil doctrlna 
prosuni. 

Poeta impendeo apud 
inferi saxum Tantalus 
facio. 

Hie unus res"^ tu egc 
antefero puto oportet. 

Hasta Caesar multus 
improbus et spes affero et 
audacia. 

Non ego Epaminon- 
das, non Leonidas mors 
hie mors antepono. 

Confero Democritus, 
Pythagoras, Anaxagoras! 
Qui regnum, qui opes 
studium is et delectatio 
antepono ? 

duamdiu ego, consul 
designatus, insidior, non 
publicus ego praesidium 
sed privatus diligentia 
defendo. 

Puer major es assurgo' . 

Pecco poeta, quum 
probus oratio affingo im- 
probus, stultusve ^ sapi- 
ens. 

Quis possum ignotus 
notus, impius religi6i^u> 
antefero. 

Non convenit vir bo- 
nus alius palam alius ago 
secreto. 

Liberalis sum, qui, qu. 
alter do no, sui detrdho 

Caesar Deiotdrus te 



J 2.24. 



DATIVK AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. 



101 



letrarchy from Deiotarus, and 
gave it to some man of Per- 
gamus, a follower of his. 

What is wanting to this (man,) 
except property and virtue ? 

Brutus abrogated the authority 
of his colleague. 

Our ancestors intended that a 
patron should never be wanting 
to any (even) the humblest in the 
Roman state. 

R. 3. The house of Agesilaus 
was furnished in such a manner, 
as to differ in no respect from 
any one belonging to a poor and 
private citizen. 

R. 4. Timotheus added the 
glory of learning to military re- 
nown. 

Compare our longest life with 
eternity. 

There are many circumstances 
in which good men make great 
sacrifices of their own conve- 
nience. 



trarchia eripio et assecla 
suus Pergamenus, nesc o 
qui^, do. 

Q,uis liic absum. nisi 
res et virtus? 

Brutus collega suus 
imperium abrogo. 

In civitas Romanup 
nemo unquam inferus 
majores noster patronu^ 
desum volo. 

Agesilaus domus sic 
sum instructus, ut nullus 
in res differo quivis inops'* 
atque privatus. 

Timotheus ad bellicus 
laus doctrina gloria adji- 
cio. 

Confero' noster lonaus 
vita cum (Btermtas. 

Multus res sum, in qui 
vir bonus multus de suus 
commodum detrdhoK 



" § 274, R. 8, (a.) & § 247, R. 4. '^ 234, H. '^ § 247. * § 260, R. 6. 
f § 279, 3, (c.) middle. ' lit. to a Pergamenian, I know not whom. 

* gen. * § 162, 4. i lit. take much from. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Those precepts sink* deeper'', which are impressed upon 
tender years". It is the characteristic*^ of an angry (man) 
to desire' to inflict-^ as much pain as possible^ on him by 
whom he thinks himself' injured*. The nose is so placed-^ 
that it seems to be interposed^ like^ a wall between the eyes. 
Faults"* creep upon"" us under the name of virtues. Alex- 
ander, as" he was riding towards^ the loalls, was struck' 
with an arrow ; he took the town, however ; and all its 
inhabitants being put to the sword'', he vented his fury' even 
m the houses'. Manlius z^7«s less influence i"^ by affection* 
9 * 



192 DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. § 225 

for his son"", than the p^iblic good. Agesilaus preferred" a 
good reputation to the most wealthy^ kingdom. Vulcan is 
said* to h ive presided over""^ a workshop'''' at Lemnos"''. 

" descendo. ' alte. * aetas. ^ it is the characteristic, proprium est. 
' cupio. / inuro. *' as much as possible, quam tnaxlmus. *^ thinks 
himself, lit. he seems. * laedo, § 210, R. 1. J loco, perf. * interjicio. 
'■ quasi. *" vitium. " to creep upon, obrepo. ° dum. p to ride to- 
wards, obequito. ' ico. '" to put to the sicord, Irucldo. * to vent one^s 
fury, saevio, pass, impers. ' tectum. " to be It^ss influenced, posthabeo. 
" ace. § 229. *" gen. § 211. ' praepono. ^ opulens. ^ trade. "* to 
preside over, praesum. ^* fabrica. '^'^ § 221, 1, R. 1. 

We often put "^ ducks' eggs under hens, the young* born* 
from which'' are at first fed* by them-'' as by (their) mothers-''. 
MarcelJus, returning^ from Agrigentum'', came upon^ the 
enemy ^ (who were) fortify ing*" (themselves.) 

R. 4. Snatch^ us from (our) miseries ; snatch us from, 
the jaws of those whose cruelty cannot be satiated™ by our 
blood. The knowledge of philosophy is included"" in a per- 
fect orator ; eloquence is not, as a matter of course", included 
in philosophy . In India, a woman is placed along^ with 
her husband' on the funeral piW . 

" suppono. 6 pulius. " ortus. ^ § 246, R. 2. * alo. / § 248, 1. 
^ redeo. ^ § 255, R. 2. * to come upon, supervenio. ^ pi. * munio. 
' eripio. "* expleo. " to be included, insum. " as a matter of course^ 
continuo. ^ unk. ' vir. ^ funeral pile, rogns. 



<§> 225. Verbs compounded with satis, bene, and 
male, are followed by the dative 

NsBvius demanded of Cn. Dola- Naevius a Cn. Dola- 

bella, the praetor, that duintius bella praetor postulo, ut 

should give security to him that sui duintius judicatum" 

the judgment should be satisfied, solvo satisdo. 

Of what good (man) did Gellius Quis Gellius btnedico 

ever speak well? unquam 6o/zms .^ 

If any one reviles me, he seems Si quis ego mateaico, 

to me petulant, or absolutely mad. petulans aut plane nisa- 

nus sum videor. 

II. I am here a barbarian, Barbarus hie ego sum 

because I am not understood by qu'i^ non intelligo ullus 
any one 



5 226. 



DATIVE AFTER EST. 



103 



Who has not heard of the noc- 
.urnaJ studies of Demosthenes? 

The desire of glory is the last 
to be laid aside, even by wise 
men. 

III. I must read Cato Major 
more frequently. 

And now the weather is to be 
feared by the ripe grapes. 

R. 1. It is certain that (vve) 
must die, and it is uncertain 
whether (we may not) this very 
day. 

It must be acknowledged that 
every animal is mortal. 

IV. Antony was thinking of 
leading four legions to the city. 

A part of Gaul inclines towards 
the north. 

The desire of dominion incites 
two kindred and neighboring na- 
tions to arms. 

First bear him to his resting- 
place. 

I thought I ought to write to 
you what occurred to my mind. 



Quis non audio'- De- 
mosthenes vigilia? 

Etiam sapiens cupido 
gloria novus exuo. 

Legendus ego ssepe 
sum Cato Major. 

Et jam maturus metu- 
endus Jupiter uva. 

Moriendum certe sum^ 
et is incertus, an is ipse 
dies". 

Omnis animal,cow/?#cw- 
dum sum, sum mortalis 

Antonius legio quatuor 
ad urbs adduco cogito. 

Pars Gallia vergo ad 
Sejttentrio'^ . 

Cupido imperium duo 
cognatus vicinusque pop- 
iilus ad arma stimulo. 

Sedes" hie ante refer o 
suus. 

Q,ui ego venio^ in mens, 
existimo ego ad tu opor- 
tet scribo. 



• § 239. 
imp. 



* pass. ; lit. by whom have, <^c. '' § 253. ^pl. * dat. pi. 



§ 226. Est is followed by a dative denoting a 'pos- 
sessor ; — the thing possessed being the subject of the 
verb. 



I possess Amathus, and lofty 
Paphos, and Cythera. 

I have twice seven nymphs of 
surpassing beauty. 



Sum Amathus, sum 
celsus ego Paphus, atque 
Cythera. 

Sum ego bis septem 
prsBstans corpus" nym* 
pha. 



L04 



DATIVE AFTER EST. 



^226 



(His) fatlier (Anchlses) also 
has his own gifts. 

I have parsley in my garden, I 
have store of ivy. 

We have breasts brave in war. 

Peculiar generosity belongs to 
the lion. 

You possess the realms of 
(your) father Daunus. 

Even here glory has its appro- 
priate rewards. 

The head of the parrot has the 
same hardness as his beak. 

1 have quantities of gold coined 
and uncoined. 

Ostriches have hoofs like 
(those) of stags. 

I have a mother, of the ancient 
race of Priam. 

I have an ancient territory bor- 
dering on the Tuscan river. 

He is rich who has so great 
possessions as to desire nothing 
more. 

Pleasure can have no union 
with virtue. 

Of all connections, there is 
none more important than that 
which each of us has with the 
republic. 

Do you not know that kings 
have long hands? 

Man has a resemblance to 
God. 

I had the greatest intimacy 
with M. Fabius. 

R.2. Even ifl have not wanted, 
^s you think, talent for this un- 



Sum et suus donun". 
parens. 

Sum ego in hortus api 
um, sum hedera vis. 

Sum ego fort is bellum 
pectus. 

Leo sum praecipuus 
generositas. 

Sum tu regnum pater 
Daunus. 

Sum hie etiam suus 
praemium laus. 

Caput psittacus idem 
sum duritia qui^ ros- 
trum. 

Sum aurum pondus 
factus infectusque ego. 

Struthiocamelus ungii- 
la sum cervinus" similis. 

Genetrix Priamus de 
gens vetustus sum ego. 

Sum antiquus ager 
Tuscus ego propior*^ am- 
nis. 

Dives sum qui tantus 
possessio* sum, ut nihil 
opto amplior. 

Nullus possum mm vo- 
luntas cum honestas con- 
junctio. 

Omnis societas nullus 
sum gravis, quam is qui 
cum respublica sum unus 
quisque ego. 

An nescio longus rex 
sum manus? 

Su7n homo cum Deus 
similitude. 

Cum M. Fabius ego 
superus usus sum^ . 

Etiamsi ego^ ut tu pu- 
to, ad hie opus ingeniura 



^ 221 



TWO DATIVES AFTER SUM. 



lori 



dertaking, I have certainly want- non desum, octrma cer- 

ed learning and leisure. te et otiuin desuni^. 

Nothing was less wanting to Non quisquam parum 

Darius than multitude of sol- Dcrius quam multitudo 

diers. mile? desum. 

» ah!. § 211, R. 6. M 207, Remark 27, {d.) ' § 211, R. 4, (a.) 
i sup. ' sing, f § 145, [I. e § 209, R. 12, (2.) 



English to he turned, into Latin. 

We have ripe* apples. Crocodiles have the upper part of 
the body hard and impenetrable; the under (part) soft and 
tender. In battle there is always the most** danger to those 
who fear most. The*" less'^ honor* was (conferred) upon 
poets ■^, the" fewer'' efforts^ they made''. The grades of of- 
fice' are the same^ to the highest'' and lowesf men, the (de- 
grees) of glory different"*. 

" mitis. ^ magnus. "^ quo — eo, § 256, R. 16. '' parvus. * § 212, 
R. 3. f lit. -poets had. ^ studium, nom. pL ^ sum, fit the less zeal 
they had. * honor, pi. i par. * superus. ' inferus. "* dispar. 



<§> 227. Sum^ and several other verbs, are followed 
by two datives, one of which denotes the object to 
which, the other the end for which any thing is, or is 
done. 



A large house often becomes a 
disgrace to the owner. 

I wish that thing may prove a 
pleasure to him. 

Sad wars, and rage, and treach- 
ery, are her delight. 

The song and the lute were al- 
ways dear to Crethea. 

Let him have myself for his ex- 
ample 

Apply for that office, in which 
vou can br of great service to 
me. 



Ampins domus dede 
cus dominus saepe^o. 

Utinam is res is vo- 
luptas sum°'. 

Hie tristis bellum, ira 
que*, insiditeque sum cor. 

Crethea carmen* sem- 
per et cithara* sum cor. 

Habeo*^ ego ipse sui 
documcntum. 

Peto is magistratus in 
qui ego magnus utilitas 
sum possnm. 



[06 



TWO HATIVES AFTER SUM. 



§227 



He was of great use both to me 
and (my) brother Quintus: 

I am very anxious that Lucul- 
lus may be so educated that he 
may equal (his) father. 

I will take the greatest care, 
that nothing may be done other- 
wise than as we desire, and as it 
ought to be. 

I only dare say thus much 
of myself, that my friendship has 
been a pleasure to more (persons) 
than (it has been) a protection. 

He hopes this thing will be a 
great honor to him. 

It was lately a very high honor 
to our (friend) Milo, that he 
checked all the attempts and 
madness of P. Clodius. 

He was a great assistant to 
that very brave man his father, in 
(his) dangers. 

Alexander, when he saw that a 
long siege would be a great hin- 
derance to him in regard to other 
(things,) sent heralds to the Tyr- 
ians. 

It is to me not less a care what 
the republic will be after my 
death, than what it is now. 

It was replied to the Roman 
ambassadors, that Hannibal had 
no leisure, in such a critical state 
of affairs, to hear embassies. 

R. 2. To play on the pipe, to 
dance, to surpass one's fellow- 
pupils in science, are trifling 
(things) in reference to our cus- 
toms ; but in Greece they were 
formerly a great honor. 

R. 3. Too much confidence 
IS wont to prove a calamity. 



Sum et ego et Quintus 
f rater magnus usus. 

Sum ego magnus cur a. 
ut LucuUus itaerudio, ut 
pater*^ respondeo. 

Ego sum maxTme cura^ 
ne quis fio secus, quam 
volo, quamque oportet. 

Ego de ego tantus au- 
deo dico, amicitia mens 
voluptas multus, quam 
proisidium sum. 

Qui res sui magnus 
honos spero /ore. 

Honos superus nuper 
noster Milo sum., quod 
omnis P. Clodius cona- 
tus furorque comprimo. 

Hie sum vir fortis, pa- 
rens suus, magnus adju- 
mcjitum in periciilum. 

Alexander, quum lon- 
gus obsidio magnus sui 
ad ceterus impedimentum 
video* fore, caduceator 
ad Tyrius mitto. 

Ego non parvus cura 
sum, qualis respublica 
post mors mens sum-^, 
quam qualis hodie sum-^. 

Respondeo legatus Ro- 
manus, Hannibal, in tan- 
tus discrimen res, non 
opera sum legatio audio. 

Canto tibia*, salto, in 
doctrina* antec^do con- 
discipulus, ad noster con- 
suetudo levis sum , at in 
Graecia olim magnus laus 
sum. 

Nimius fiducia calami 
tas soleo sum. 



^228. DATIVE AFTER PARTICLES, 107 

R. 4. Perseus hastily collected Perseus auratus statua 
all the gilded statues into the omnis raptim, ne prceda 
fleet, lest they should become a hostis sum, in classis con- 
prey to the enemy. gero. 

R. 3, («.) The sea is a destruc- Exitium sum avidua 

tion to greedy mariners. See mare nauta. 
§ 211, R. 5, & Note. 

" § 263, 1. ^pl. ' § 260, R. 6. '^ § 22;i. ' § 263, 5. / § 265. 

English to he turned into Latin. 

With what" bravery the soldiers of Caesar fought*, (this) 
is a proq/", that, the battle being once against" (them) at Dyr- 
rachium, they spontaneously'' demanded* punishment upon 
themselves. L. Cassius was accustomed, in judicial pro- 
ceedings-^, to inquire^ /b?' whose hentjit'' it tvas^. Apply -^ to 
that pursuit* in which you are' (engaged ;) that you may" 
be an honor to yourselves, a benefit'^ to your friends, and a 
gain" to the republic. It was ascribed^ to cowardice^ in Q. 
Hortejisius, that he had never been engaged*" in a civil war*. 
C. Caesar, the o^'opretor', with (his) army", marched' to the 
assistance of the province of Gaul. Medea persuaded the 
Corinthian matrons"" not to ijiiputef" {it) to her as a crime, 
thit^ she was absent^ from (hex) country. 

"■ quantus. '' dimlco, § 26o. ° adversus, § 257, E.. 7, (a.) <i ultro. 
' deposco. -'' a judicial 'proceeding, causa. ^ quaero. ^ bonum. 
» pJuj). § 265. ^ incumbo. * studium. ^ pi. ^ possum. " utilT- 
tas. " emolumentum. ^ tribuo. ' ignavia. '" intersum, § 266,8. 
* § -.224. ' pro prcetdre. " § 249, III. ' proficiscor. "^ § 223, R. 2. 
' verto. V quod. ' absum, § 266, 3. 

DATIVE AFTER PARTICLES. 

<§> 228. Some particles are followed by the dative 

of the object. 

Had Antiochus been willing to Antiochas, si pareo 

be guided by the advice of Han- volo" consilium' HannT- 

nibal, he would have contended bal, prope Tiber quam 

for empire nearer to the Tiber Tht, mopylcB de summa 

than Thermopylae. imperium dimico**. 

Caesar fortifies a camp as near Caesar quam proxime. 



108 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



§229 



as possible to the camp of the 
enemy. 

What wonder is it that many 
went forth to meet such a man 
3n his approach* ? 

The quaistors of the province, 
with (their) fasces, were in at- 
tendance upon me. 

It is said by the Stoics to be 
the chief good to live conforma- 
bly to nature. 

It can be well with no wicked, 
foolish, and indolent man. 

N. (a.) But suddenly, after a 
few days, when I was not at all 
expecting (it,) Caninius came to 
me. 

What is Celsus doing ? 

Pray what says Sannio ? 

What do you desire ? 



possum hostis*^ castra, 
castra communio. 

Quis habeo admira- 
tio'^ talis vir adveniens 
ohvidm prodeo multus? 

Quaestor provincia 
cum fascis ego prtssto 
sum. 

Superus bonum a Sto- 
icus dico-^, convenienttr 
natiira vivo. 

Improbus et stultus et 
iners nemo bene sum pos- 
sum. 

At tu repente paucus 
post dies^,quum mimme 
expecto'', venio ad ego 
Caninius. 

Quis ego Celsus ago 1 

Quis aio tandem ego* 
Sannio? 

Quis tu^ volo? 



• § 261, 1. fr § 223, R. 2. >Z. ^ § 212, R. 3. 
ing. f § 269. ^ § 253 * § 263, 5, R. 2. * 'pl. 



' lit. approach- 
J sing. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 

§ 229. The object of a transitive verb is put in 
the accusative. 



God made the world. 

The Syrians worship a fish. 

Miltiades freed Athens and all 
Greece. 

Swarms of bees form honey- 
combs. 

A learned man always has 
riches in himself 

Rivalry nourishes talent ; and 
sometimes envy, sometimes ad- 
miration, excites imitation. 



Deus mundus cedifico. 

Piscis Syrus veneror. 

Miltiades AthencB to 
tusque GrcBcia liber o. 

Apes exkmQn Jingo fa- 
vus. 

Homo doctus in su) 
semper diviti(B habeo. 

Alo semulatio ingem- 
um" , et nunc invidia nunc 
admiratio imitatio accen- 
do. 



^229. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS 



109 



Pompey restored the tribuni- 
tian power, of which Sulla had 
left the image without the real- 
ity 

You say right, and so the thing 
is. 

Many things in your letter 
pleased me. 

Your ancestors first conquered 
all Italy. 

The voluntary virtues surpass 
the involuntary. 

No one avoids pleasure itself 
because it is pleasure. 

They lost not only (their) goods, 
but (their) honor also. 

All men admired (his) diligence, 
(and)acknowledged (his) abilities. 

Turn over that book of Plato's 
diligently which is upon the soul. 

Time does not only not lessen 
this grief, but even increases it. 

When Apollo says this, ** Know 
yourself," he says, " Know your 
own mind." 

R. 3. But why (should I say) 
more ? Let us look at the oricrin 
of divination. 

R. 4. The earth shook for 
thirty-eight days. 

Caesar sent around all the 
neighboring region, and sum- 
moned auxiliaries from thence. 

Tarquin resolved to send to 
Delphi. 

R. 5. Dicaearchus wishes to 
nake out that souls are mortal. 

The philosopher will show that 
10 



Pompeius tribunitius 
potcstas restituo, qui Sul- 
la imago sine res relin- 
quo. 

Recte dico, et res sic 
sui haheo. 

Multus ego in epistola 
tuus delecto. 

Majores vester pri- 
miim universus/ifa/m de- 
vinco. 

Virtus non voluntari- 
us vinco virtus voluiitari- 
us. 

Nemo voluptas ipse, 
quia voluptas sum^j/w^zo. 

Non solum honum sed 
etiam honest as deperdo. 

Ornnis diligentia ad- 
7niror, ingenium agnosco. 

Evolvo diligenter Pin- 
to is liber qui sum de ani- 
mus. 

Dies non modo non 
levo luctus hie sed etiam 
augeo. 

Cum Apollo, " Nosco 
tu,'' dico, hie dico, " Nos- 
co animus tuus." 

Sed quis* multus ? or- 
tus video haruspicina. 

Terra dies" duode- 
quadraginta moveo. 

CaBsar dimitto circum 
omnis propinquus regio 
atque inde auxilium ev6 

CO. 

Tarquinius Delphi mit- 
to statuo. 

Dicaearchus volo effi- 
cio, animus sum mortdlis 

Magnus sum sol, phi 



110 ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. §229 

the sun is great ; how great it is, losophus probo ; quantus 

the mathematician (will show.) swn''^ mathematicus. 

R. 6. God never repents of his Nunquam primus con 

first design. silium* Deus poenitet. 

You are weary of patrician, Taedet tu"^ patricius, 

they of plebeian magistrates. hie plebeius magistratus. 

R. 7. If I mistake not, we Ego, nisi ego fallit, ja 

shall be brought down. ceo. 

It does not escape me, that Non ego prceterity usus 

practice is the best instructor in sum bonus dico-'' magis- 

speaking. ter. 

"■pi. 6 § 235, R. 5. * § 253. ^ § 265. * § 215. / gen. » § 266, 3 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I both write and read something" ; but when I read I per- 
ceive by' comparison how badly I write^ Vircingetorix 
gives a signal to his (men,) and leads'' (them) from the 
town. The soldiers, whom the Persians call Immortals' ^ had 
golden collars -^f garments^ embroidered'' with gold, and 
sleeved* tunics, adorned also with gems. Some-' living crea- 
tures'' have a rational principle^ some only a vital princi- 
ple"". The Egyptians consecrated almost every species'" of 
brute animals". When Timanthes saw^ that he could not 
imitate with his pencil' the grief of Agamemnon, he covered^ 
his head. There are men, who are neither ashamed' nor 
tired^ of their licentiousness" and ignominy" ; who seem to 
rush", as it were* on purpose", into popular odium^. When 
the sons of Brutus stood"**, tied** to the stake, men pitied"" 
their punishment, not more than the crime"" by which they 
had merited punishment. 

» allquis. ^ ex. «= § 265. ^ educo, § 242, R. 1. * § 230. -'tor- 
ques. ^ vestis, sing. ^ distinctus. * manicatus. J quidam. * living 
creatures, animans. ^ a rational principle, animus. "* a vital prina 
vie, anima. " genus. " a brute animal, bestia. ^ lit. Timanthes 
when he saic, § 263, 5. ' penicillum. '' obvolvo. * § 264, 6. * tc 
be tired, taedet. " libido, § 215, (1.) * infamia. "* 'rruo, § 264, 6 
* as it were, qi.asi. ^ de industria. * lit. the odium of the peopU 
' § 145, II. *^ deligatus. "" scelus. 



§230. 



TWO ACCUSATIVES AFTER VERBS. 



Ill 



§ 230. Yerhs signify ing to name or call^ to choose, ren- 
der, or constitute, to esteem or reckon,v,^hich in the passive 
voice have two nominatives, are followed in the active 
voice by two accusatives, one of the object and the 
other of the predicate. 



Antony called his flight victo- 
ry, because he had (ggcaped alive. 

The order of the Persian march 
was this; the fire, which they 
call eternal and sacred, was car- 
ried before on silver altars ; the 
Magi next sung the customary 
song. 

The Julian clan call lulus the 
founder of their name. 

The people made Ancus Mar- 
•jius king. 

M. Furius Camillus proclaimed 
P. Cornelius Scipio regent. 

The recollection of pleasures 
enjoyed renders life happy. 

Thunder upon the left we 
reckon a very good omen on all 
occasions, except at elections. 

R. 2. Wisdom offers herself 
to us as the surest guide to pleas- 
ure. 



Anton ius fuga suus, 
quia vivus exeo, victoria 
voco. 

Ordo agmen Persa" 
sum^ talis ; ignis qui ip- 
se sacer et cBternus voco, 
argenteus altare praefe- 
ro* ; Magus propior pa- 
trius carmen cano**. 

IilIus gens Julius auc- 
tor nomen suus nuncu- 
po". 

Ancus Marcius rex 
popiilus creo*. 

M. Furius Camillus P. 
Cornelius Scipio interrex 
prodo. 

Voluptas perceptus re* 
cordatio vita bedtus fa- 
do. 

Fuhnen sinister auspi- 
cium bonus habeo ad»oni- 
nis res'^ praeterquam ad 
comitia. 

Sapientia certus sui 
ego dux praebeo ad vo- 
luptas. 



gen. pi. ^ § 145, II. 1 '^ sing. '^ lit. for all things, ^c. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Ennius properly" called'' anger the beginning' of madness 
Our ancestors called^ the supreme council the senate. His 
(followers) sainted Octnvius (as) CcBiior. The Albans ap- 
point' Mettus Fuffetius dictator. The whole city pro- 
daimpfi ' Cicero consul. Socrates thought' himself an inhab- 



112 IWO ACCUSATIVES AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. §231 



itant and citizen of the whole world. If you think'' any one 
(your) friend, whom' you do not trust-' as much^ as' your- 
self', you are greatly"" mistaken". Timoleon reckoned" that 
a glorious^ victory, in which there was more of clemency' 
than of cruelty. 

" bene. * dico. '^ initium. ^ appello. * creo. / declaro. ^ arbitror. 
* existlmo. * § 223, R. 2. i credo. * tantusdem. ' quantus. "* ve- 
hementer. ^ to be mistaken, erro. " duco. ^ praeclarus. ' § 212, R. 3 

*§> 231. Verbs of asking, demanding, and teaching, 
and celo (to conceal,) are followed by two accusatives, 
one of the person, the other of the thing. 



Philosophy has taught us all 
other things, and especially what 
is most difficult — to know our- 
selves. 

They are ridiculous who teach 
others, what they themselves have 
not tried. 

Eloquence enables us to teach 
others what we know. 

[ have never prayed to the 
gods for riches. 

Q,uintius implores this of you. 



Philosophia ego quum 
ceterus res omnis, turn, 
qui sum difficilis, doceo, 
ut egomet ipse nosco'*. 

Ridiciilus sum, qui, 
qui ipse non experior, i& 
doceo ceterus. 

Eloquentia efficio, ut 
is, qui scio, alius doceo 
possum^. 

Nunquam diviticp. deus 
rogo. 

Q,uintius tu hie ohse 
cro. 



I«earnestly request this of you. Hie tu vehementer ro- 



This favor I request of you in 
my own right, for there is noth- 
ing I have not done for your 
sake. 

The AchfEans also were beg- 
ging assistance from king Philip. 

Caesar was daily demanding of 
the .-Edui the corn which they 
had promised. 

R. 2. Staberius began to de- 
mand hostages from the inhab- 
itants of Apollonia. 



go. 

Meus jus*" tu hie bene- 
Jicium rogo : nihil enim 
non tuus causa*^ facio. 

Achaei quoqut auxili- 
um Philippus rex oro. 

Quotidie Ca;sar A^dui 
frumentum qui polliceor* 
jlagito. 

Staberius obses ah 
Apollonidtes exigo cop 

pi 



§231. 'IWO ACCUSATIVES AFTER CERTAIN ERBS. iVi 

You will see what your past Q,uis actus tuus vita, 

life and studies demand of you. quis studium a tu Jlagi- 

to, tu video. 

The whole province demanded Hic a ego munus-'' uni- 

of me this service. versus provincia posco. 

R. 3. I inquired of Masinissa Ego Masinissa de suus 

concerning his kingdom; he in- regnum ; '\\\e, ego de nos- 

quired of me concerning our re- ter res publlcus percon- 

public. tor. 

R. 4. CfEsar detains Liscus ; Caesar Liscus retineo ; 

he inquires of (him) alone (re- qucBro ex solus is, qui in 

specting) those (things) which he conventus dico. Idem 

had spoken in the assembly. He secreto ab alius qucBro. 
asks the same things privately of 
others. 

* § 262. 6 § 273, 1. " § 249, II. ^ § 247. ' § 266, 3. / § 212, 
R 3. 

English to he turned into Latin. 

I have accustomed" (my) son not'' to conceal from me 
those (things) which other young men do without their 
fathers' knowledge''. Although'^ nature declares, by so ma- 
ny indications*, whit she wishes-^, seeks^, and wants'", we 
nevertheless, I know not how, turn a deaf ear% and do not^ 
hear those things aj which'' we are admonished '^ by her. 
Catiline, in many ways'", instructed the youth"" , whom he 
had enticed", in evil deeds The Agrigentines^ send am- 
bassadors to Verres to instruct'^ him in the laics. I did not 
conceal from you the conversation"^ of Ampins. Fortunately* 
it happened' that" I had written to Cassius four days" be- 
fore, the very thing'" of lohich you remind^ me. The ambas- 
sadors of Enna'^ received^ this commission^ from their 
fellow-citizens, to go"* to^'' Verres, and demand back"" from 
him the image of Ceres and Victory. 

* consuefacio. * ne, § 262. *' without the knowledge of, clam, with 
the (ICC. ^ quum. * signum. f § 265. ^ anqulro. ^ desidero. ' to 
turn (I deaf ear, obsurdesco. J and — not, nee. ^ § 234. '■ nioneo. 
"" modus. " juventus. " illicio. ^ Agrigentini. ' doceo, § 264, 5. 
' sernio. * coininodi. ' evenio. " qu5d. ^ quatriduum. "" id ipsuni. 
' Ennenses, adj. v habeo. ^ mandatum. »* § 273,2. '" § 233, (3,) 
Remark 2. '^'r^-no^no. 

10* 



114 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER NEUTER VERBS 



§23^ 



<§) 232. Some neuter verbs are folio vved by an accu- 
sative of kindred signification to their own. 



(1.) I dreamed a wonderful 
dream. 

I think that your fathers are 
(still) living, and such a life, in- 
deed, as alone deserves the name 
of life. 

The next day Hortensius en- 
tered into the theatre, I suppose, 
that we might participate in his 

joy- 

With a loud voice, I swore a 
most true and glorious oath, 
which the people, with a loud 
voice, swore that I had sworn 
truly. 

(2.) A certain Elysius was bit- 
terly lamenting the death of his 
son. 

« § 209, E. 1, (6.) 6 § 



Mirus somnio somnium. 

Ego" vester pater vivo 
arbitror, et is quidem vi- 
ta, qui sum solus vita 
nominandus. 

Postridie in theatrum 
Hortensius introeo*, pu- 
to, ut suus gaudium gau- 
deo. 

Magnus \oxjuro verus 
pulcherque jusjurandum, 
qui populus magnus vox 
ego verejMro" juro. 

Elysius quidam gravT- 
ter filius mors moRreo. 

176. * § 272. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Siccius Dentatus celehrated"^ three triumphs with his com- 
manders. Why do not those^ decemvirs pursue" the same 
measures^ as" in the consulship^ of L Cotta and L. Torqua- 
tus? Among other prodigies, it rained fiesh. No one was 
so unfeeling^ as not to weep at the misfortune^ of Alcibiades. 
(He) who runs (in) the stadium, ought to labor* and strive-^ 
to conquer*. Let no one deny^ this. The Philseni hastened*" 
to prosecute" {their) journey. Upon the broom-grounds" in 
Spain, much of the honey^ tastes^ of that herb. I neither 
thirst for honors nor desire glory? 

"^ triumpho. * iste. '^ curro : the verb is understood in the first 
clause, and expressed in the perfect in the second. ^ cursus. * qui, 
\ 207, Remark 27, {d.^ f § 257, R. 7, (a.) 2d paragraph. ^ ferus 
^ casu--. * en] tor. i contendo. * § 273, 1. ^ to deny, eo infitia.s 
■" nia<"Liio. " p rgo. ° spartaria, pi. ^ pi. ' sapio. 



§233. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 



115 



Alexander adeo Jupiter 
Hammon templum statuo. 

Pythagoras et ^gyp- 
tus lustro et Persa" Ma- 



^ 233. Many verbs are followed by an accusative 
depending upon a preposition with which they are 
compounded. 

Alexander determined to go to 
the temple of Jupiter Ammon. 

Pythagoras both traversed E- 
gypt and visited the Pers.aK Ma- 

Timotheus joined to him as al- 
lies the Epirots, and all those na- 
tions which are adjacent to that 
sea. 

Thirty tyrants stood around 
Socrates, but could not break his 
spirit. 

Marcellus invested Syracuse 
for three years. 

(1.) Caesar plunders and burns 
the town, gives the booty to the 
soldiery, leads his army across 
the Loire, and reaches the territo- 
ries of the Bituriges. 

Hannibal led ninety thousand 
infantry, and twelve thousand cav- 
alry, across the Ebro. 

(2.) The ship is brought to 
Syracuse. 

The fleet was brought, the fifth 
day, to Pachynus. 

A certain (man) related, as a 
prodigy, that, at his house, a ser- 
pent had wound himself around a 
bar. 

(3.) The planet Venus is 
called Lucifer, when it goes be- 
fore the sun. 

The Venetians dweU around a 
gulf of the sea. 

Apollonius laughed it philoso- 
-^hy. 

Th^ Simnites descend into the 



gus adto. 

Timotheus socius ad- 
jungo Epirota omnisque 
is gens qui 7iiare ille ad- 
jaceo. 

Triginta tyrannus Soc- 
rates circumsto, nee pos- 
sum animus is infringo. 

Marcellus tertius annus 
circumsedeo^ Syracusce. 

Caesar oppidum diripio 
atque incendo, praeda 
miles dono, cxercitus Li- 
gar transduco, atque in 
Bituriges finis pervenio. 

Nonaginta mille pedes" 
duodecim mille eques' 
Hannibal Iberus traduco. 

Appello navis Syracu- 
se. 

Classis Pachynus quin 
tus dies appello. 

Quidam refero quasi 
ostentum, quod anguis 
domus vectis circumjicio''' 

Stella Venus^ Lucifer 
dico, quum antegredior 
sol. 

Veneti sinus circumcO' 
lo mare. 

Apollonius irrideo phi- 
losephia, 

Samnis descendo in 



110 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 



§233 



plain which lies between Capua 
and Tifata. 

The Euphrates flows through 
the midst of Babylonia. 

R. 1. History ought not to go 
beyond the truth. 

R. 2. I remember that certain 
persons came to me. 

Lentulus demaijded that it 
should be permitted him to be 
borne into the city in triumph. 

N. Why have you any concern 
with this thing? 

Why do you accost her ? 

Laying waste the fields, he 
comes to the town. 



planities, qui Capua Ti' 
fatdque interjacto. 

Euphrates Babylonia 
medius permeo. 

Historia non debeo 
egredior Veritas. 

Ad ego adeo quid am 
memini. 

Lentulus postulo, ut 
triumphans sui inve/io" 
licet in urbs. 

Q,uis tu ^ hie curatio 
sum res? 

Quid tu hie aditio sum 1 

Populabundus ager ad 
oppidum pervenio. 



R. 1, 



lit. of the Persians & § 236, R. 2. ^ § 212. «^ § 266,3. * § 239, 



§ 226. 



gen. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Caesar, having obtained possession of" the camp*, com- 
manded the soldiers to surround" the mountain with a work 
The river Eurotas^oz^s around'^ Sparta, which (river) hard- 
ens childhood to the endurance' of future military serviced 
Atticus determined^ to die, and departed on the fifth day 
after he had adopted^ this design. The river Marsyas^oz^^ta 
through^ the middle^ of the city (of) Ce/6e7?<^, celebrated* in 
the fabulous songs of the Greeks. Pythagoras went over^ 
many barbarous™ regions on foot". Mount Taurus passes" 
Cilicia, and is joined to the mountains^ of Armenia. I in- 
deed' am earnestly desirous'" to meef not only those whom I 
myself have known, but those also of whom I have heard 
and read. If I shall meet with^ Clodius, I will write you" 
more (particulars) from his conversation"". 

Agesilaus transported (his) troops over' the Hellespont, 
and used such despatch^ that he completed^ his march in 
thirty days""". Alexander, having ordered^* Hephaestion to 
sail along"" the coast of Phoenicia, comes to the city (of) 
Gaza with all his forces'''^. The pirate sailed past'" the 
whole island (of) Ortygia. 



to 



obtain possession of, potior. * § 245, I. " circumvenio. 



d cir- 



5> 234. ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS PASSIVE, &C 



m 



cuinfluo. * patientia. / militia. ^ decerno. ^ ineo. * infprfluo 
/ § 205, R. 17. * inclytus. ' obeo. '^ Lit.of bnrbarians. "" pi. § tM7 
" praBtereo. ^ dat. ' / indeed, equidem. '' to be earnf tli desirous 
aveo. * convenio. ^ de. " to meet with, convenio. " dt. to you. 
" senno. * to transport over, trajicio. ^ celeritas. * conficio. 
"" § 253. " § 257, R. 5. " to sail along, praetervehor. '^'^ § 249, III. 



§ 234, I. When a verb, which in the active voire 
takes an accusative both of the person and of the 
thing, is changed to the passive form, the accusative 
of the person becomes the nominative, and the accu- 
sative of the thing is retained. 

Be assured I was not asked 
(my) opinion. 

Apollo is asked for words. 

L. Marcius, a Roman knight, 
under the instruction of Cn. 



Scio ego* non rogo 
sententia. 

Apollo posco verbum. 

L. Marcius, eques Ro- 
manus, sub Cn. Scipio dis- 



Scipio, had been taught all the ciplina omnis militia ars 



edoceo. 

Paucus doceo^. 

Credo celo" Cassius de 
Sulla unus. 

Deinde comans Andro 
geus galea induo. 

Dux grex cornu exuo. 

Daphne pulcher vere- 



arts of war 

You will need to be taught a 
few (things.) 

I believe that Cassius was kept 
in ignorance respecting Sulla 
alone. 

R. 1. Then he puts on the 
crested helmet of Androgens. 

The leader of the flock is di- 
vested of his horns. 

II. The countenance of the 
beautiful Daphne is suffused with cundus suffundo as ru 
a modest blush"*. bor. 

The hill, gently sloping in Collis frons lenlter 
front, gradually sunk to the fastigdtus paulatim ad 
plain. planities redeo*. 

The south wind flies forth Madidus Notus evolo 
with humid wings, (having) his ala, terribilis piceus tee- 
ter rible countenance covered with tus caligo vultus. 
pitchy darkness. 

III. An endless night must be Nox sum perpetuus 
spent in sleep. unus dormiendus. 

Sad nights are soent in watch- Nox vigilo amarus. 
ing. 

•* § 239. ^ § 274, E-. S, {a.') "pass, impers. ^ lit. Daphne is suffused 
as to ^c. * imp. 



118 



AOJUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS 



^ 235 



English to be turned into Latin 

Have we been kept so long ignorant"^ of thi^ 1 This 
could no longer be concealed from Akibiddes^. The maiden" 
delights to be taught the Ionic dances'^. Nor is corn' only 
demanded-^ from the rich earth^. The tender cheeks^ of the 
maiden are tinged^, her countenance-' being suffused with 
blushes*. I am pressed with as many troubles', as™ there 
are fishes swimming" in the sea". 

* to keep ignorant, celo. * dat. " virgo. ^ motus. " seges, pi. 
f posco. ^ humus, lit. nor is the rich ground called upon for corn alone. 

* gena. * inficio, lit. the maiden is tinged as to her tender cheeks, i os. 

* to be suffused with blushes, rubeo. ' adversus. "* as many as, tot 
quot. ^ pass. " unda, lit. as the sea is swum by fishes. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 

<§> 235. Twenty-six prepositions are followed b^ 
the accusative. 



I beg you to come to me im- 
mediately at Vibo". 

Caesar was at the gates. 

On the seventh (day before) 
the ides I came to my house'*. 

The soothsayers directed to 
turn the image of Jupiter towards 
the east. 

Manlius displayed the spoils of 
enemies slain to (the number of) 
thirty. 

The cities of Asia voted a sum 
of money for a temple. 

As lonop as Hannibal was in 
italy, no one pitched a camp in 
the field against him, after the 
battle at Cannae. 

No one observes what is before 
his feet 



Ore, ut ad ego Vibo 
statim venio. 

Caesar sum* ad porta. 

Septimus idus* venic 
ad ego. 

Harugpex jubeo simu 
lacrum Jupiter ad orien^ 
converto. 

Manlius profero spoK 
um hostis caesus ad tri. 
ginta. 

Ad templum. civita' 
Asia pecunia* decerno. 

Q,uamdiu Hannibal ii: 
Italia sum, nemo adver- 
sus is post Cannensi.s 
pugna in campus castra 
pono. 

Q,ui sum ante pes, ne 
mo specto. 



^235 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 



119 



Neoptolemus had been edu- 
cated in (the house of) Lyco- 
medes. 

I can scarcely contain myself-'', 
(my) mind is so agitated with 
fear, hope, (and) joy. 

An army was stationed in the 
forum, and in all the temples 
which are around the forum. 

Collatia, and whatever territory 
there was around Collatia, was 
taken from the Sabines. 

About the calends we shall be 
either at (our) farm near Formiae, 
or at (that) near Pompeii. 

The Glusini heard that the 
Tuscan legions had been often 
routed by the Gauls on this side 
of the Po. 

It was decreed, that Antony 
should lead (his) army this side 
the river Rubicon. 

Libo took possession of an 
island, which is opposite to the 
harbor of Brundisium. 

The second Punic war appears 
to have especially excited the 
permanent hatred of Hamilcar 
towards the Romans. 

Among the Germans (those) 
robberies are attended with no 
disgrace, which are committed 
beyond the bounds of each one's 
state. 

The planet Jupiter revolves 
below Saturn. 

The field of the Tarquins, 
which lay between the city and 
^he Tiber, having been conse- 
crated to Mars, became from that 
♦ime the Campus Martins 



Neoptolemus apud Ly- 
corned es ediico. 

Vix sum apud ego ; ita 
animus commoveo metus, 
spes, gaudium. 

Exercitus in forum, et 
in omnis templum, qui 
circum forum sum, col- 
loco. 

Collatia, et quisquis 
circa Collatia ager^ sum, 
Sabinus adimo. 

Ego circiter calendcB 
aut in Formianum sum, 
aut in Pompeianum. 

Cluslni audio* saBpe a 
Gall us cis Padus legio 
Etrusci'' fundo. 

Decerno, ut Antonius 
exercitus citra jlumen 
Rubicon educo. 

Libo insiila, qui contra 
Brundislnus* portus sum, 
occiipo. 

Hamilcar perpetuus 
odium erga Romdnus 
maxime concito videor 
secundus helium Puni- 
cus. 

Apud Germanus latro- 
cinium nullus habeo infa- 
mia, qui extra Jinis quis- 
que civitas facio. 

Infra Saturnus Jupi- 
ter^ Stella fero*". 

Ager Tarquinius, qui 
infer urhs ac Tiberis^ 
sum, consecratus Mars, 
Martius deinde campus 
sum 



120 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSlTIuiVS. 



§235 



The Belg«E alone forbade the 
Teutones and Cirabri to come 
within their territories. 

Atticus was baried near the 
Appian way, hard by the fifth 
mile-stone. 

Death often appeared before 
the eyes of Rabirms. 

A crown is to be given on ac- 
count of the preservation of citi- 
zens. 

Caesar being slain, the govern- 
ment appeared to be in the hands 
of Brutus and Cassius. 

From the heart and lungs the 
blood is diffused through the 
veins to every part of the body. 

Behind the Rhipaean moun- 
tains lived a happy people, whom 
(they) called the Hyperboreans. 

Vergasillaunus concealed him- 
self behind the mountain. 

The Aretho, a navigable river, 
flowed near the very walls of Am- 
bracia. 

I suppose I shall be at Laodi- 
cea about the first of August. 

Vulcan held the islands near 
Sicily, which were called the Vul- 
canian (islands.) 

Marcellus received a wound 
from a dagger, in his head, near 
the ear. 

Above the moon, all things are 
eternal. 

The Tuscans sent colonies be- 
yond the Apennines. 

Antiochus was driven beyond 
the summits of the Taurus. 



Belga3 solus Teutones 
Cimbrique intra fines 
suus ingredior prohibeo. 

Atticus sepelio juxta 
via Appia ad quintus 
lapis. 

Rabirius™ mors ob oc- 
ulus sa3pe versor. 

Ob civis servatus" co- 
rona do". ^^ 

OccTsus Caesar, res- 
publica penes Brutus vi- 
deor sum et Cassius. 

Ex cor atque pulmo 
sanguis per vena in om- 
nis corpus diffundo. 

Pone mons Rhipaeus 
gens dego felix, qui Hy- 
perborei appello^. 

Vergasillaunus post 
mons sui occulto. 

Aretho, navigabilis am- 
ni», proitcr ipse Ambra- 
cia moinia fluo''. 

Prope cahndcB sextllis' 
puto ego Laodicea fore. 

Vulcanus teneo insula 
propter Sivilia, qui Vul- 
canius nomino. 

Marcellus pugio*" vul- 
nus accipio in caput se- 
cundum auris. 

Supra luna sum seter- 
nus omnis. 

Tusci trans Apenniniis 
colonia mitto. 

Antiochus ultrajugum 
Taurus exigo. 



"■ lit. to Vifw. ''imp. "§326,2,(3.) '^ Jit. tom.e. 'pi. f or, I am 
scarcely in my senses. ^ § 212. ^ lit. of the Tuscans. ' adj. ^ § 211 
* pass. ' § 79. 1 . *" § 21 1 , R. 5 " § 274. R. 5 " § 274. R. 8 
P § 209 R 2, (2," 2rf paragraph. ? § 326, 2, (5,) (5.) "" § 247. 



^ 235. ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. iSl 



English to be turned into Latin. 

(concerning" friendship, all, without exception^ , are of Jie 
same mind''. The Greeks stationed*^ their fleet over against' 
Athens, near^ Saldmis^ . Democritus explains the reason' 
why cocks crow' before day-lightK Curio pleaded'^ a cause 
in opposition to' me before"* the centumviri. The next" day 
about" the same hour, the king led forward^ his' forces into 
the same place. The soldiers marched'" abouf fifteen days 
The caper' flourishes" even in uncultivated" fields, without"* 
the labor of the husbandman"^. Caecina was reminded" jf 
(his) hatred*" and \\\-vi'\\Y^ '^ towards^ ^ Fabius Valens. On my 
word"'', without^*^ joking, he is a pretty" fellow •^•''. 

"■ de. '' without exception, ad unum. "^ lit. think the same {thiiig.) 
'^ constituo, at the end of the sentence. * over against, ex adversum. 
/" apud. ^ ace. m a, § § 74 & 80. ^ causa. * cano, § 265. J day-light, 
lux. * dico, at the end of the sentence. ' in opposition to, contra. 
^ apud. " posterus. " circa. ^ to lead forward, admoveo. ' § 207, 
Remark 3^, (c.j ' to march, iter facio. * circiter. ' capparis. 
" convalesco. * desertus. " citra. * rustlcus. ^ admoneo. "pi. 
"" invidia. ** erga. "'^ on my word, mehercules. '^'^ extra. *• bel- 
lus ^-^ homo. 

Homer was many years" before Romulus, since^ he was 
not later" (than) the elder'^ Lycurgus. Laws are silent' 
among arms. The Romans directed-^ Antiochus to confine 
hjs kingdom^ ivithin mount Taurus. The Germans paas^ 
whole days wear' the hearth and the fire K The field has 
been mortgaged^'/br' ten mince. The fault lies"* with" youK 
Friendship is to be desired" of^ itself, and for^ itself I 
cannot'^ watch what is behind" me. (The temple of) Janus' 
was twice shut after the reign of Numa-'. Lentiilus had 
kept awake" the preceding" night, contrary to"" (his) custom^ . 
The aff*air came near to' a secession of the people^. A few 
outposts^ of cavalry were seen near' the river K A little 
before'^"' these times''^, the servants and clients were burnt'"' 
along with'''' (their) masters^. The Belgae are nearest to the 
Germans, who inhabit" on the further side of-^^ the Rhine. 
Julius Caesar was capable of enduring^^ labor'''^ beyond'* 
belief' 

* ahl. § 253. * siquidem. '' infra. ^ superior. * to be silent, sileo. 
f jubeo. ^ to confine his kingdom, regno. '^ ago. * juxta. ^ Place 
the verb at the end of the sentence. * to mortgage, oppono pigno i 
11 



122 ACCUSATIVE AND ABLATIVE AFTER IN, SUB, &C. 5> 23.'i 

' ob "* sum. " penes. " expeto, § 274, R. 8. ^ per. ' propter 
' non queo. * pone. ' noTn. " to keep awake, vigWo. " proxiinus 
" contrary to, praeter. * near to, prope. " static. * secundum 
*" supra. '>'' these times, haec memoria. '^'" cremo, § 145, II. 1 
"^•^ along with, una cum. ** incolo. ^-^ on the further side of, trarif 
^^ capable of enduring, patiens. ''^ § 213. ** ultra. 



ACCUSATIVE AND ABLATIVE AFTER IJV, SUB, &c. 



§ 235. (2)— (5.) 



Codrus threw himself into the 
midst of the enemy, in the dress 
of a servant, that he might not be 
recognized. 

A virtuous life is the way to 
heaven, and to the assembly of 
those who have heretofore lived. 

The soldiers of Caesar advance 
beneath the mountain upon which 
the town (of) Ilerda was situated. 

Many of the Carthaginians, in 
(their) precipitate retreat, rushing 
one over another, were trampled 
down in the narrow (passages) of 
the gates. 

I will write to you, concerning 
this matter, from Rhegium. 

Cranes sleep (with their) head 
concealed beneath (their) wing. 



Codrus sui in media.- 
immitto hostis, vesiis fam 
ularis, ne possum", ag- 
nosco. 

Probus vita via sum h 
coelwji, et in coitus is, qu' 
jam vivo. 

Miles Caesar sub mons 
in qui oppidum pono' 
Ilerda, puccedo. 

Multus Carthaginien- 
sis in praeceps fuga, ru- 
ens super alius alius, in 
angustia porta obtero. 

Hie super res scribe 
ad tu Rhegium. 

Grus dormio canut sub- 
ter ala conditus. 



§ 258, 1. 2, (2 ) * -plup. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Darius made a bridge ouer" the river'' Ister. Pain is reck- 
oned "^ among"^ the greatest evils. My consulship is we«r" {its) 
close'^. The election^ was beld-^ ntar^ the close'^ of the year 
Wisdom is often (found) even unrkrn mean* garb\ Domi- 
tius, without your knowledge^ sought safety in flight*. 

• m. * flumen. '^ duco. * exitus. * comitia. f habeo 
' sub. ^ sordldus. * palliolus. / without o^'e's knowledge, clain 
» §247. 



^236. 



ACCUSATIVE OF TIME AND SPACE. 



123 



A< CUSATIVE OF TIME AND SPACE. 

§ 236. Nouns denoting duration of time, or exteiu 
of space, are put, after adjectives and verbs, in tfie 
accusative, and sometimes, after verbs, in the ablative. 



Dionysms was tyrant of Syra- 
cuse thirty-eight years. 

A city was once besieged by 
the whole of Greece for ten years, 
on account of one woman. 

Fields, when they have rested 
many years, are wont to bring 
forth a more abundant crop. 

The name of the Pythagoreans 
flourished so much, for several 
ages, that no others were thought 
learned. 

Augustus used to sleep, at the 
most, not more than seven hours, 
and even those not uninterrupted, 
but so that he waked three or 
four times in that interval. 



The city (of) Saguntum was 
by far the most opulent of the 
towns of Spain, situated nearly a 
mile from the sea. 

Persia is bounded by continued 
chains of mountains on one side, 
which (side) extends in length 
one thousand six hundred stadia, 
in breadth (it extends) one hun- 
dred and eighty. 

Zfima is distant five days' jour- 
ney from Carthage. 

R. 2. Mithridates, who in one 
d'lv killed so manv Roman citi- 



Duodequadraginta an- 
nus tyrannus Syracusae 
sum Dionysius. 

Decern quondam «mms 
urbs oppugno ob unus 
mulier ab universus Grae- 
cia. 

Ager, quum multus an- 
nus quiesco, uber effero 
fructus soleo. 

Multus scBculum sic 
vigeo Pythagoreus no- 
men, ut nullus alius doc- 
tus videor. 

Augustus non amplius 
quum plurimum quam 
septem hora dormio, ac 
ne is quidem continuus, 
sed ut in ille tempus spa- 
tium ter aut quater ex- 
pergisco. 

Urbs Saguntum longe 
opulens urbs Hispania 
sum, situs passus mille 
ferme a mare. 

Persis perpetuus mous 
jugum ab alter latus clau- 
do, qui in longitudo mille 
sexcenti stadium, in lati- 
tudo centum octoginta 
procMrro. 

Zama quinque dies 
iter ab Carthago ahsum. 

Mithridates, qui nuns 
dies'* tot civis Roinaiiu? 



24 



ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE. 



^237 



zens, has reigned, from that time, trucido, ab ille tempusf 
three and twenty years. annus jam tertius" et vi- 

cessimus regno*^. 
King Archelaus was possessing Rex Archelaus quin' 
Cappadocia for the fiftieth year. quagestmus annus Cap- 

padocia* potior. 

^§253. ^§245, I. '^§236, E. 2. ^pres. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Babylon has a citadel including* twenty stadia in (its) cir- 
cuit* ; the foundations of the towers are sunk" ih\Tiy feet into 
the earth; walls'^ twenty feet wide" support the hanging-^ 
gardens. 

Nestor was now living the third age of man^, and had no 
cause to fear'', lest, (when) speaking* the truth concerning 
himself, he should seem either too^ insolent or loquacious. 



• complexus. * ambitus. '^ demitto. "^ paries. * latus. 
Bilis. * pi. * vereor, § 274, R. 8, (a.) ' praedico. J nimis. 



pen- 



ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE. 



<5> 237. After verbs expressing or implying motion, 
the name of the town, in which the motion ends, is put 
in the accusative without a preposition. 



The consul Laerinus led his 
legions to Agrigentum, which 
was occupied by a strong garri- 
son of the Carthaginians, and 
fortune favored his undertaking. 

The Acheans being driven by 
the Heraclidae from Laconia, 
took possession of the abodes 
which they now occupy ; the 
Pelasgi migrated to Athens. 

Darius, not ignorant with how 
Faliant an enemy he had to do, 
C3mmanded all the auxiliaries of 



Laerinus consul Agri- 
gentum, qui teneo a Car- 
thaginiensis valTdus prjE- 
sidium, duco legio, et ad- 
sum fortiina inceptum". 

Achcci ab Heraclidae 
ex Laconica pulsus, is 
occiapo sedes qui nunc 
obtineo ; Pelasgi AthencB 
commigro. 

Darius, baud ignarus 
quam cum strenuus hos- 
tis res sum\ omnis Ion* 



§> 237. ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE. 125 

distant nations to be assembled ginquus gens auxiliuni 

at Babylon. Babylon contrdho jubeo. 

R. 2. Ambassadors came to Ad ego legatus venio 

me into the camp near Iconium. in castra ad Iconium. 

R 4. I came frequently to the Venio consul Antoni- 

house of the consul Antony for us domus saepe salute*" 

the purpose of saluting (him.) causa*^. 

The Vagenses invite the cen- Vagensis centurio trib- 

turions and military tribunes to unusque militaris domus 

their houses. suus invito. 

I will go into the country, and Ego rus eo, atque ibi 

there I will stay. maneo. 

R. 5. Ambassadors passed over Legatus in Africa tra- 

into Africa. jicio. 

The Lacedaemonians sent Pan- Lacedaemonius Pausa- 

sanias with a fleet to Cyprus and nias cum classis Cyp'^us 

the Hellespont. atque Hellespontus mitto. 

« § 224. & § 265. " § 275, IIL R. 1. <* § 247. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

The Egyptians seek Apis*, with their heads shorn* ; 
(when) found, he is conducted" to Memphis'^. Many nations 
once'' went* to Delphi, to the oracle of Apollo. Gold used 
to be exported annually-^, on account^ of the Jews, from 
Italy to Jerusalem. M Livius had borne his disgrace'^ so 
impatiently*, that he removed^ into the country, and for* 
many years absented himself^ from the city"*. King Attains 
sent presents to P. Africanus" from Asia as far as to" Nu- 
mantia. When I was approaching to^ Sida in (my) ship', 
letters were delivered'" to me from my (friends.) All the 
Gauls in high spirits' and full of confidence depart to^ 
Alesia. The Thracians, not daring to trust' themselves to 
(their) ships, dispersed" to (their) houses. Laelius and 
Scipio were wont to flee' from the city to the country, as if" 
(escaping) from prison*. 

* § 79, 1. * derado, lit. (their) heads being shorn. " deduco. 

^ quondam. • proficiscor. / quotannis. ^ nomen, § 247. ^ igno* 
minia. * aegre. J migro. ^ per. ^ to absent one's self, careo. 

"" § 250, 2, (2.) " dat. " as far as to, usque ad. ^ ad. « § 247. 

'■ reddo. ' in high spirits, alacer. ' committo. " dilabor. * evolo 
S 145, II 1. ^ as if, tanquam. * vincul un, jjZ. 
11* 



126 ACCUSATIVE AFTER ADVERBS &L INTERJECTIONS. § 238 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER ADVEBRS AND INTERJECTIONS. 

§ 238, 1, (b.) The adverbs pridie and postridie are 
often followed by the accusative. ^ 

2. In exclamations, the noun or pronoun, which 
marks the object of the feelings is put in the accusative 
either with or without the interjections O I ah I heu I 
eheu ! ecce ! en I hem ! pro I or vce ! 

1.(6.) Acusius reported that his Acusiusnuntio",Q,uin- 

son Q,uintus had gone to Caesar tus fihus ad CsBsar pro- 

oii the 29th of May ; (and) that ficiscor* quartus" calen- 

Philotimus the Rhodian had ar- dae Junius; Philotimus 

rived the day before that day. Rhodius pridie is dies 

venio. 

Augustus used to commence Augustus postridie 

no journey on the day after the nundincB nusquam profi- 

fair. ciscor**. 

2. O mighty power of error ! O vis magnus* error ! 

O glorious day, when I shall O prsBclarus dies quum 

go to that divine assembly and ad ille divlnus animus 

company of minds ! consilium coetusque pro- 

ficiscor-^! 

Ah me miserable ! why am I Heu ego miser ! cur 

compelled to blame the senate, senatus cogo, qui laudo 

which I have always praised? semper, reprehendo? 

"imp. 6 §272. ''§326,2,(3.) '^§145,n. 1. 'sup, / § 263, 5. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

On the night of the dai/ before' the feast of Minerva*, a 
fire broke out" around the forum. There will be*^ a hunt on 
the day after the games of Apollo*. O senseless ■'^ (that) 
thou (art) if thou fearest death^ when it thunders! O ex- 
cellent'' guardian^ of the sheep, a wolf! O wretched-' and 
unhappy that day in which*' Sulla was appointed' consul . 
O your delightful"" letters! O mad" ana miserable man! 

* lit. which was the day before. ^ a feast of Minerva, Quinquatrns 
* orior. "^ futurus sum. * of Apollo, Apollinaris. f demens. ' lit 
if then thou fearest, S^c. ^ prasclarus. * custos. i miser * § 253 
^renuntio *" suavis. " amens. 



5 239. 



SUBJECT-ACCUSATIVL. 



127 



SUBJECT-ACCUSATIVE. 

<5> 239. The subject of the infinitive mode is put in 
the accusative. 



I desired that you should un- 
derstand this. 

We think that you can very 
easily explain that. 

You know, Piso, that I think 
the same (thing.) 

It is evident, that man consists 
of body and mind. 

It is innate to all, and as it 
were engraven on the mind, that 
there are gods. 

I deem it not improper, that I 
should write to you what I think 
upon that affair. 

Do you think that such excel- 
lent men did such things without 
reason? 

Let us remember, that justice 
should be observed even towards 
the lowest (persons.) 

I am very glad that you have 
got safe to Epirus. 

It is, as it seems to me, highly 
decorous, that the houses of illus- 
trious men should be open to il- 
lustrious guests. 

I think that these four things 
should be (found) in an accom- 
plished general ; a knowledge of 
the art of war, courage, authority, 
and good fortune. 

R. 2. I should feel ashamed 
to say that I dc not understand, 
if ou yourselves understood. 



Volo tu hie intelUgo. 

Censeo tu facile is ex- 
plano possum. 

Scio, Piso, ego sentio 
iste idem. 

Perspicuus" sum* homo 
e corpus animusque con- 
sto. 

Omnis innatus" sum*, 
et in animus quasi in- 
sculptus", sum deus. 

Non puto sum alienus, 
ego ad tu, quis de is res 
sentio*", scribo. 

Tu tam egregius vir 
censeo tantus res gero 
sine causa? 

Memini'^ etiam adver- 
siis m^rus justitia servo. 

Tu in Epirus sal v us 
venio vehementer gaudeo. 

Sum*, ut ego videor, 
valde decorus**, pateo do- 
mus homo illustris illus- 
tris hospes. 

Ego existimo, in supe- 
rus* imperator quatuor 
hie r'es insum oportct ; 
sciential res militaris, 
virtus, auctoritas, felici' 
tas. 

Pudet^ ego dico non 
intelUgo, si tu ipse intel* 
ligo'' 



128 VOCATIVE J 240. 

I hear that you are about to Dico'' tu audio, quaes, 
say, that you have been his ques- tor ille sum. 
lor. 

* § 205, R. 8. 6 § 269. * § 265. d § § 260, R. 6, & 183, 3, N. 3. 
• sup. / 204, R. 10. ^ § 261, 1. f^ \ 270, R. 3. 



Knglish to he turned into Latin. 

It is evident" that laws were devised ^ for"^ the safety of the 
citizens. It folio ws^ therefore, that the law is to be reck- 
oned* among-^ the best things. Law is the distinction be- 
tween what is just and what is unjust^ ; and I think'* that 
no* other ^ ought to be accounted* a law'. Let the citi- 
zens"* be persuaded" of this", that the gods are the rulers^ 
and directors' of all things, and that those (things) which 
are done'^ are done by their power* and authority', and that 
the same deserve" well" of"" the human race. 

* it is evident, constat. *• invenio. '^ ad. ^ it follows, necesse 
est. * habeo. ^ in. ^ lit. the distinction of (things) just and unjust. 
* puto. ^ and — wo, nee. Callus, 'f habeo, § 274, R. 8, (a.) ^ lit. any 
law. "» dat. § 223, R. 2. " perf. pass. § 260, R. 6, 2d -paragraph 
" nom. ^ dominus. ' moderator. *" gero, § 265. * ditio. ' numen 
** mereor. * optime. " de. 



VOCATIVE. 

§ 240. The vocative is used, either with or with- 
out an interjection, in addressing a person or thing. 

You, Hannibal, know (how) to Vinco scio, Hannibal; 

conquer ; (but) you know not how victoria utor" nescio. 
to make use of victory. 

What more important affair, O Q,ui res unquam, pro 

holy Jupiter ! ever occurred, not sanctus /wpi^er .' non mo- 

in this city only, but in any coun- do in hie urbs, sed in 

try ? oranis te Ta* gero" mag- 

nus? 

Good gods, what is there long O deus bonus, quia 

n the life of man ! sum in homo vita diu ! 

The city, my (dear) Rufus, Urbs, urbs, mens Ru' 



§ 241. ABLATIVli AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 129 

Stick to the city, and live in that fus, colo, et in iste hix 

hght. vivo. 

Caesar, having fallen in disem- Caesar, prolapsus in 

l)arking from the ship, exclaimed, egressus navis, " Teneo 

'' I have you fast, O Africa." tu," inquam, *' Africa^ 

Some fraud is concealed ; trust Aliquis lateo error ; 

not the horse, O Trojans. equus ne credo, Teucri, 

Whither do you hasten, re- Q,u6 moriturus^ ruo 1 
solved to die ? 

« § 229, R. 5. pi. pass. ^ § 274, R. 6, (a.) 

English to be turned into Latin. 

Ah'^j ancient house, by hovi^ different* a master" art 
thou (now) governed ! O (ye) immortal gods ! men do not 
knovv'^ vv^hat* a revenue frugality-'' is^. When Alexander the 
Great stood'^ by the tomb of Achilles, at' Sigaeum, he said, 
O fortunate youth, v\^ho found-' a Homer (to be) the herald 
of thy virtue ! O philosophy , (thou) guide of life, (thou) 
f,earcher^ after virtue, (thou) banisher^ of vices ! whatw^ould"* 
the life of man have been" without thee 1 O night ! who 
hadst almost brought eternal darkness over" this city^. O' 
(ye) immortal gods ! guardians"^ and preservers' of this city, 
what wickedness' have ye seen ! Go, go, my goats'^, once'' 
a happy flock! Tell me, DamcBtas, whose flock (is this?) 
Begin, Damcetas"' ; (and) do you, Menalcas'' , follow in (your) 
turn"^. In what condition^ is the state^, (O) Panthus'"^ ? 

• O. ' dispar. " dominus. ^ intelligo. * quam magnus. J par- 
simonia. ^ § 265. ^ adsto, plup. § 263, 5, & § 233, (3,) Remark 2. 
» in. ^ § 264, 8, (1.) * indigatrix. ^ expultrix. '"possum. ^ pres. 
" to bring over, affero. ^ § 224. ' pro. '" custos. * conservator. 
' scelus, pi. " capella. " quondam. " § 44. * in turn, deinde. 
^ locus. " res summa. "^^ § 54, 1. * 



ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 

"§.241. Eleven prepositions are followed by the 

ablative. 

It was noticed that Pompey's Animadverto" jonge* a 
line had advanced farther than vallum acies Pompeius 
usual from the fortification. progredior. 



130 



ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITlOlVS. 



^241. 



The year was quiet, in respect 
to foreign wars. 

But for you, I could not live 
to-day till sunset. 

The destitute traveller will sing 
in presence of the robber. 

Nothing is more discreditable 



Ab extern us bellum 
quietus annus sum. 

Absque tu sum'', hodie 
nunquam ad sol occasus 
vivo. 

Canto vacuus coram 
latro viator. 

Nihil est turpis, quam 



han to engage in hostilities with cum is bellum gero, qui- 
him with whom you have lived on 
friendly terms. 

The pretor rose from his seat, 
and departed. 

We have wrested the sword 
from the hands of Catiline. 

Circe was born of Perseis, the 
daughter of Oceanus. 

I depart from life as it were 
from an inn, not as from home. 



cum"^ "amiliariter vivo*. 

Praetor de sella surrigo 
atque abeo. 

Catilina ferrum de mar 
nus extorqueo. 

Circe sum e Per sets, 
Oceanus filia, natus. 

Ex vita discedo tan- 
quam ex hospitium, non 
tanquam ex domus. 

Manlius res creditor 
palam populus solvo. 



Hercules Tiberis flu- 



Manlius paid the creditor (his) 
claim in the presence of the peo- 
ple. 

Hercules passed the river Ti- 
ber by swimming, driving the vius, prcB sui armentum 
herd before him. agens, no-^ trajicio. 

It is proper to contend for the Convenit dimico pro 
laws, for liberty, (and) for one's lex, pro libertas^ pro pa- 
country, tria. 

A great and memorable deed Non facio sine pericu- 
is not performed without dan- 
ger. 

The water of the river Trebia, 
having been swollen by a shower sum pectus tenus, auctus 
in the night, was as high as (their) nocturnus imber. 
oreasts. 

* impers. ^ § 256, R. 9. « lit. were it without you, § 261, 1 
i § 136, R. 1. ' § 266, 1. / § 275, III. R. 4. 



lum facinus magnus et 
memorabilis. 

Aqua Trebia flumen 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The deserters" were compelled to fight with those to whom 
■hey had deserted^, and to stand by'' those whom they had 



§ 242. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPOUNL VERBS. 



131 



left. How fortunate 1 am in other respects'*, wert rt \wtfor' 
this one^ (thing!) Titus had wept profusely^ in presence of 
i he people. We departed'' /rom' the forum when it was now 
growing towards evening^. The Belgae, upon {their) ymy^ ^ 
began to assault a town of the Remi. To my face^ they often 
iafely speak evil"' of me. For" joy, I know not where I am". 
Oajsar stationed the legions before^ the camp. Q,. Pompey, 
joithout any recommendation'^ of ancestors, obtained*^ the 
oighest' honors. Antiochus was directed to extend his do- 
ninion'as/ar «.•>" the Taurus. 

" perfuga. '' transeo. '^ ab. ^ res, § 250. * were it not for, abs- 
que, f fern. ^ ubertim. ^ discedo. * de. ^ it grows towards even- 
ing, advesperascit. * ex itinere. '■ to my face, me palam. ^ lit. 
evil (things). " prae. ° § 265. ^ pro. ' commendatio. ' adi 
piscor. ' summus. * to eoUend one's dominion, regno. ^ as far cls, 
tenus. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 

<5> 242. Many verbs compounded with ab^ de, ex^ 
id super ^ are followed by an ablative depend 



and 

ing upon the preposition. 

The agents of Sulla being in 
search of Caesar (to put him) to 
death, he, having changed his 
dress, escaped by night from the 
city. 

Reliev^e the city from, perhaps, 
a groundless fear. 

When Atticus had refrained 
from food two days, (his) disease 
began to abate. 

The pretor was commanded to 
depart from the province. 

The fox escaped from the well. 

Friendship is excluded from no 
place. 

I wish we could wi e away the 
lears from all these. 



ConquTro minister'* 
Sulla Caesar ad nex, mu- 
to vestis" nox urhs eld- 
hor. 

Exonero vanus forsi- 
tan metus civitas, 

Atticus quum biduum 
cibus sui* abstineo, levis* 
morbus sum ccepi. 

Decedo provincia prae- 
tor jubeo. 

Vulpeciila evddo pu- 
teus. 

Amicitia null us locus 
excludo. 

Utinam hie omnis fle- 
tus abstergen possum"*. 



L:{2 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 



§242. 



I am absent both from (my) 
house and the forum. 

As soon as Metellus had set 
foot out of doors, he excelled 
almost all his fellow-citizens in 
virtue, honor, and dignity. 

R. 1. My porter kept no one 
from seeing me. 

They say the soul exists, after 
it has quitted the body. 

He will never keep his sacri- 
legious hands from me. 

He ought to detest that sus- 
picion. 

The Ibises avert pestilence 
from Egypt, as they kill and con- 
sume the winged serpents. 

The Lacedaemonians desisted 
from their long contention, and 
of their own accord yielded to 
Athens the supremacy of the sea. 



Et domus absum et fb* 
rum. 

Metellus simul ac pes 
limen effero, omnis prope 
civis virtus, gloria, digni- 
tas supero. 

Nemo a congressus me- 
ns janitor meus absterrco 

Aio animus maneo, c 
corpus cum excedo. 

Nunquam a ego sacri- 
legus manus abstineo. 

Ab iste suspicio ab- 
horreo debeo. 

Ibis averto pestis ab 
JEgyptus, quum volucer 
anguis interficio atque 
consumo. 

Lacedsemonius de diu- 
tinus contentio desisto, et 
suus spontis' Athenien- 
sis imperium maritimu* 
principatus concedo. 



§257. b §229. ' comp. ^ §263, 1. * §249, II. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The disgrace* of others' often deters" tender minds from 
faults. Timoleon, with wonderful good fortune*, drove^ 
Dionysius from every part^ of Sicily. Let us return* to 
those who have departed^ from life. The Dolopes were in- 
habiting Scyros, whom Cimon banished from the city and 
island. By my own grief, O Romans^, I warded off^ 
from^ you and your children devastation^, conflagration, 
(and) rapine"*. 

* opprobrium. * of others, alienus. " absterreo. ^ incredibilis 
* good fortune, felicTtas. / depello. ^ every part, omnis. * § 260 
R. 6 * excedo ^ Quiris. * a, R. 1. ' vastitas. "* pi. 



^243. 



ABLATIVK AFTER OPUS AXD USUS. 



13li 



ABLATIVE AFTER OtUS AND USUS. 

^ 243. Opus and usus^ signifying need^ usually 
take the ablative of the thing needed. 



There is need of magistrates, 
without whose prudence and dili- 
gence the city cannot exist. 

When the testimony of facts is 
at hand, what need is there of 
words ? 

The body, that it may be 
stronff, has need of much food, 
much drink, mur,h oil, lastly, of 
much labor. 

It was decreed that Octavius 
should go to Rome, and should 
take back the ships which the 
consul did not need. 

Is there need of any man's tor- 
menting himself? 

There is no occasion for a long 
speech. 

The next (thing) is, that we 
should inquire whether there was 
any occasion for a fleet or not. 

What occasion have you for 
our assistance? 

What occasion was there for a 
letter ? 

I am now in want of your ad- 
vice, your affection, and your fi- 
delity. 

There is no occasion for rea- 
son or argument, (to show) why 
pleasure should be sought for 
and pain avoided. 

R. 1, (a.) There is need of haste. 

There was no cause why there 
should be need of haste 
12 



3Iagistrdtus opus sum, 
sine qui prudentia ac dil- 
igentia sum civitas non 
possum. 

Ubi res testimonium* 
adsum, qui opus sum 
verbum ? 

Corpus*, ut valeo, mul- 
tus cibus, multus potto, 
opus sum, multus oleum, 
longus denique opera. 

Decerno Octavius Ro- 
ma decedo", reduc5que 
navis, qui consul* usus 
non sum"^. 

An quisquam* sum usus 
homo sui ut crucio 1 

Oratio longus nil' 
opus sum. 

Propior sum, ut, opus 
sum-^ classis necne, quap- 
ro. 

duis tn opera noster 
opus sum ? 

duis opus sum lite- 
rcB? 

Nunc ego et consilium 
opus sum tuus, et amor, 
ei fides. 

Non opus sum ratio, 
neque disputatio, quam- 
obrem voluptas expeto*^, 
fugio^ dolor. 

Maturdtus opus sum. 

Sum nihil, cur prope* 
rdtus opus sum^. 



134 



ABLATIVE AFTER DIGNLS, &/C. 



§244 



R. 2. What do you need in 
order to be good ? To be willing. 

Atticus gave all things from his 
own property which his friends 
needed. 

Verres said that many (things) 
were necessary for himself, ma- 
ny for his dogs which he had 
about him 



Q,ui tu* opitS sum ut 
sum bonus? Volo. 

dui amicus suus opus 
sum, Atticus omnis ex 
suus res familiaris do. 

Multus sui opus sum^ 
aio-' Verres, multus ca- 
nis suus, qui circa sui 
habeo'^. 



"pi. «'§22b. •§262,R.4. d§ 266,1. '§234,11. /§265,R.2. 
§ 274, R. 8, (a,) & § 265. " § 264, 7, Note 3, * § 272. i imp. 



English to he turned into Latin, 

We need your authority and advice"". The Athenians sent 
Philipides to Lacedaemon to make known* of how speedy' 
assistance (they) stood^ in need. Nothing in civil dissen- 
sions* is safer than despatch'^, when there is more^ need of 
acting'^ than of deliberating^ Xenomenes has promised' 
every (thing) which would be necessary'' for you. 

" consilium. >> nuncio, § 264, 5. " celer. " sum, § 266, 1 ; lit. 
there was need. * discordia. / festinatio. '^ more — than, meigis — 
quam. '^ R. 1, (a.) * consillo, R. 1, (a.) J polliceor. 'f R. 2. 



ABLATIVE AFTER DIGJVUS, &c. 

<5> 244. Dignus, indignus, contentus, prad^tus^ and 
^retus, are followed by the ablative of the object. 



(Those) who are endued with 
'irtue, are alone rich. 

(He) who is content with his 
)wn is truly the richest. 

C. Laelius, when a certain ill- 
3orn fellow said to him that he 
was unworthy of his ancestors, 
replied, '' But, by Hercules, thou 
irt not unworthy of thine." 

Every one ought to be content 



Qui virtus prcedttus 
sum, solus sum dives. 

Q,ui suus" contentus 
sum is vere dives sum. 

C. Lgelius, cum is qui- 
dam mains genus* natus 
dico indignus sum suus 
majores, " At, Herciile," 
inquam, " tu tuus hand 
indignus" 

Qui quisque* tempus** 



§244. 



ABLATIVE AFTER DIGNUS, &,C. 



135 



with that time which is given him 
to live. 

Epicurus affirms that the gods 
are furnished with human limbs. 

Philosophy is content with few 
judges, 

Epicurus said that natural rich- 
es were easily procured, because 
nature was content with little. 

I see nothing in this Sulla 
deserving hatred, many (things) 
worthy of compassion. 

I think these things shameful 
and unworthy of me. 

Pompey is a wise man, and 
endued with a certain lofty mind. 

Relying on your fidelity and 
wisdom, I have taken up a greater 
burden than I feel myself able to 
support. 



ad vivo* do 2.s/, contentus 
sum debeo. 

Epicurus confirmo, de- 
us membrum humanus 
sum prceditus. 

Sum philosophia pau- 
cus contentus judex. 

Epicurus natural is di- 
vitiee dico parabtlis sum, 
quod parvus sum natura 
contentus. 

Nihil video in hie Sul- 
la odium dignus, miser?'- 
cordia dignus multus. 

Turpis hie et ego in- 
dignus puto. 

Pompeius sum homo 
sapiens, et altus quidam 
nlens prmd/itus. 

Fides sapientidque ves- 
ter fretus, multus onus*^ 
sustollo, quam fero ego 
possum intelligo. 



"pi. 6 § 246. ' § 223. d § 212, R. 3. ' § 275, III. R. 3. / § 206, 
(3,) (a.) 

English to be turned into Latin. 

It is umoorthy of God to do any thing" in vain, and with- 
out a mo.ive*. The virtue of excellent men is worthy of 
imitation^ not of envy. I think*" that he'^, who has no sense 
of shame% is worthy, not only of blame -^^ but of punishment 
Relying on^ your intelligence, I say'' less* than the cause re- 
quires^. Most (persons,) trusting to^ their talent, think and 
speak at once* ; but certainly the same (persons) would 
speak considerably' better, if they would take one"* time for" 
thinking" and another"* for speaking. 

" quis, §137, 1, R.(l.) 6 causa, ''puto. '^ § 206, (3,) (a.) 'who 
has no sense of shami, quem non pudet. f reprehensio. ^ fretus. 
^ dissero * breviter. i desidero. * simul '■ aliquanto. *" § 20T 
R. 32. * ad. " § 276, III. R. 3. 



136 



ABLATIVE AFTER UTOR, &C. 



§245 



ABLATIVE AFTER I TOR, &c. 



§ 245, I. Utor, fruor, fung-or, potior, vescor, ana 
their compounds, are followed by the ablative. 



Augustus rarely* used any 
other than a home-made gar- 
ment, made by his wife, and sis- 
ter, and daughter, and grand- 
daughters. 

Tiberius enjoyed excellent 
health, although, from the thir- 
tieth year of his age, he managed 
it at his own pleasure, without 
aid or advice of physicians. 

Hannibal, having > possessed 
himself of the ring of Marcellus, 
along with his body, sent letters 
to Salapia, drawn up in his name. 

There is a certain race of men 
who are called Helots, of whom 
a ffreat multitude till the fields 
of the Lacedaemonians, and dis- 
charge the duty of slaves. 

I will use another word hereaf- 
ter, if I shall find a better. 

That is every one's own, which 
every one enjoys and uses. 

Use the good while it is pres- 
ent ; seek not for it when it is ab- 
sent. 

No one has lived too short a 
time, who has discharged the per- 
fect duties of perfect virtue. 

When we call corn Ceres, and 
wine Bacchus, we use a familiar 
kind of speech ; but do you think 
any one so mad as to believe that 



Vestis non temere ali 
us quam domesticus uior 
Augustus, ab uxor, et so- 
ror, et filia, et neptis con- 
feet us. 

Tiberius vahtudo pros- 
per'' utor, quamvis a tri- 
cesimus aetas annus arbi- 
tratus" suus° is rego'', 
sine adjumentum consili- 
umve medicus. 

Annulus Marcellus si- 
mul cum corpus Hanni- 
bal po^z^ws, Salapia* lite- 
rse mitto is nomen com- 
positus. 

Sum genus quidam 
homo, qui-^ Helotae^ vo- 
co, qui ingens multitude 
ager Lacedaemonius colo, 
serv usque munus fungor. 

Verbum utor pos* alius, 
si invenio^ bonus. 

Is sum quisque* pro- 
prius, qui quisque ^rwor 
atque utor. 

Bonum utor^, dum ad- 
sum^ ; cum absum*, ne 
requiro\ 

Nemo parum diu vivo 
qui virtus perfectus per- 
^ecius fungor munus. 

Cum frux Ceres, vinum 
Liber dico, genus ego 
quid em sermo utor usi- 
tatus ; sed ecquis tain 



5> 245. ABLATIVE AFTER L^TOR, GAUDEO &C. l-Ti 

that is a god which he feeds up- amens sum puto^, qui ille 
on ? qui vescor"", deus credo* 

sum ? 

a lit. not toithout special cause. * sup. " § 249, II. '^ § 263, 2 

* § 237. / neut. sing. § 206, (10.) " § 211, Remark 3, (b.) p § 210 
R. 2. '{lir->,Yi. /' § 222, R. 2, (a.) * § 260, R. 6. -'§260 
fr § 263, 0. N^ 260, R. 0. "'§266,1. "§264,1. 

Nature leads" (us) to favor^ those" who are entering up 
on'^ the same dangers^ which we have gone through-^. The 
wise (man) both remembers past^ (things) with gratitude'' 
and so enjoys^ present (things,) as to perceive-' how great* 
and how pleasant' they are'". We see that the blessings" 
which we possess" , the light which we enjoy^ ^ and the breath 
which we draw', are given and imparted to us by God'". 

°- fero. ' § 273, 2. "^ § 223, R. 2. ^ to enter upon, ingredior 
§ 266, 1. * ace. f perfungor. ^ praeteritus. ^ lit. gratefully. * po 
tior. •/ §262. * quantus. ^ jucundus. ^ § 266, 1. " commo 
dum. " utor. p fruor. ' duco. '" § 248, 1. 



§ 245, II., i. Nitor, irinitor,Jido, and confido, may 
"be followed by the ablative without a preposition 
— See also Nos. 2, 3, 4, & 5, under this rule. 

Every species of vine naturally Omnis vitis genus nat- 

delights in warmth, rather than in uralTter lator tepor po- 

cold. tius quam frigus. 

Rejoice in this so distinguished Gaudeo tuus iste tam 

good fortune of yours. excellens honum. 

The Helvetii gloried insolently Helvetii suus victoria 

m their victory. insolenter glorior. 

Here first Cyllenius, poised on Hie primum par nitor 

equal wings, alighted. Cyllenius ala consto. 

Their new kingdom depended Regnum is novus fra- 

upon fraternal harmony. ternus.s^o concordia. 

You shall not escape, though Hand effugio, quamvis 

you trust to the aid of a horse. ops jido equinus. 

Scipio was trusting to his alii- Scipio affinitas Pom- 

ance by marriage with Pompey. peius confido. 
12* 



138 



ABLATIVE AFTEll L:^T0R, GAUDEO, &,C. 



<^. '^HIO 



What joy has been exchanged 
for what sorrow ! 

Then we construct couches on 
the winding shore, and feast upon 
the rich food. 

The pleasantness of the house 
arose not from (its) structure, but 
from the forest. 

Some nations live on fish and 
'he eggs of birds. 

No one can rely upon the vigor 
Df (his) body, or the stability of 
(his) fortune. 

The prosperity of all of us, who 
^.ngage in public affairs, depends 
.lot upon truth alone, but also up- 
on report. 

I am wont to take pleasure in 
nothing so much as in the con- 
sciousness of my attentions. 

R. 2. We properly glory in 
virtue. § 247, 1, (2.) 

The safety of the state depend- 
ed upon the life of Pompey. 

I am in great fear, but in- 
dulge good hopes. 

In every part of Gaul, of those 
men who are of some rank and 
estimation, there are two classes ; 
the one is that of the Druids, the 
other that of the knights. 

In the same rank was Sex. 
.^lius. 



Q,ui gaudium qui mcE. 
ror muto ! 

Tum litus curvus ex- 
truo torus, et da'ps epulot 
opimus. 

Domus amoenltas non 
(sdijicium, sed silva con- 
sto. 

Quidam natio piscii 
atque ovmn avis vivo. 

Nemo possum aut cor 
pus Jirmitas, aut fortuna 
stabilitas ronfido. 

Salus omnis ego, qui 
ad res publica accedo 
non Veritas solijm, sed 
etiBjnf ama nitor. 

Nullus res tam Icetor 
soleo, quam raeus offici- 
um conscientia. 

In virtus recte glorior. 

Pompeius in vita nitor 
salus civitas. 

Magnus timor sum, sed 
bene spero. 

In omnis Gallia is ho- 
mo, qui aliquis stim nu- 
merus atque honor, genus 
sum duo ; alter sum Dru- 
ides, alter eques. 

Numerus idem sum, 
Sex. ^lius. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

All (kinds of) corn delight" most of alP in open fields, 
and (such as are) inclined" towards** the sun. When we are 
freed* from pain, we rejoice ^ in the very release^ and exemp- 
tion^' from all uneasiness' ; but all that-' in which we delight-' 
is a pleasure. May there be no grove*" in which Apollo ma) 
glory^ more. The } inth is leaning upon"" a headless" spear 



§ 246. 



ABLATIVE OF THE SOURCE. 



139 



AH were desirous" that Caesar should ahidt^ by the terms' 
which he had proposed'". The Phoenicians, (when) upon the 
deep, trusf to the Cynosure (as) their nocturnal guide. 
The Veneti trusted^ much in the nature of the place. Many 
mingle the fodder" with much salt. They ever delight" to 
collect"" fresh spoils'^, and to live by plunder^. Oratory"" rfe- 
P'nds'^"' upoji action, not upon imitation. Men accustomed''^ 
to constant"'' and daily labor, when by reason'''^ of the weath- 
er^^ they are kept-^^ from work^^, resort''^ to the ball, to the 
t;ili, or to dice. 



" Ijetor, § 247, 1, (2.) ^ most of all, maximd. " recllvis. <* ad. 
' privo. / gaudeo, § 247, 1, (2.) «" liberatio. ^ vacultas. » molestia. 
^ is. *^ lucus. ' jacto. "* nitor. " purus. ' 
ditio. ^ fero, § 266, 3. " Mo. « confldo. 
lit. it delights (them.') "" convecto. " praeda. 
"" consto. *'' assuesco. '^'^ assiduus. '''^ causa. 
hibeo. ^^ § 252. ^^ to resort, rae confero. 



cupio. ^ sto. 
" pabultun. 

^ rapttim. ' oratio. 

** tempestas. // pro- 



5 con- 
juvat; 



ABLATIVE OF THE SOURCE. 



<§• 246. Perfect participles denoting origin are often 
followed by the ablative of the source, without a prepo- 
sition. 



O thou, descended from Sat- 
urn, the care of great Caesar is 
committed to thee by the fates. 

Lucius Catiline, descended 
from a noble family, was of a 
wicked and depraved disposition. 

We exhort him to say from 
what race (he is) sprung. 

O Maecenas, sprung from royal 
ancestors. 

Archias was of noble birth. 

Tasgetius was of very illustri- 
ous birth. 

Litavicus and his brothers were 
young nier born of a very high 
famih. 



Ortus Saturnub, cur a 
magnus Caesar fatum do" 
tu. 

Lucius Catilina, nobt- 
lis genus natus, sum inge- 
nium'' malus pravusque. 

Hortor fari quis saw- 
guis cretus. 

Maecenas, atavus edi- 
tus rex" . 

Archias natus sum lo- 
cus nobilis. 

Sum superus locus na- 
tus Tasgetius. 

Litavicus atque is fra« 
ter sum amplus familia 
natus adolescens. 



140 



ABLATIVE OF THE SOURCE. 



§246 



Your will can retain unharmed, 
in the state, a man of noble birth, 
of the greatest talents, (and) of 
the most exalted virtue, (who is,) 
moreover, most obliging and 
grateful. 

There was a certain Myscelos, 
descended from the Argive Alem- 
onis. 

The low birth of Servius Tulli- 
Qs did not restrain (him,) though 
sprung from a m^other (who was) 
a slave. 

He is descended from free par- 
ents. 

R. 1. A Trojan Caesar shall 
spring from an illustrious race, 
who shall limit his empire by the 
ocean, his fame by the stars. 

II. 2. Caesar ascertained that 
most of the Belgse were sprung 
from the Germans. 



Nutus tuus possum ho- 
mo, super us locus natus^ 
superus ingenium, supe- 
rus virtus, officiosus pra3- 
terea, et gratus, incolu- 
mis in civitas retineo. 

Sum Argolicus gene- 
rdtus Alemonis quidam 
Myscelos. 

Servius Tullius obscu- 
ritas non inhibeo, quam- 
vis mater serva credtus. 

hiher parens sum ori- 
undus. 

Nascor pulcher Troja- 
nus origo Caesar, imperi- 
um Oceanus, fama qui 
termino aster. 

Caesar reperio, pleri- 
que Belgae orior ah Ger- 
mdnus. 



• 'perf. b abl. § 211, R. 6. ^^ § 204. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Publius Africanus caused it to be believed*, that he was 
not sprung'' from the human race", but from a divine stock. 
You see me, a consul, sprung^ from an equestrian family''. 
The Sabine maids of honorable-^ families' came to Rome^ 
on account'' of the games. What kind of person' does the 
grandson^ of Tantalus and son'' of Pelops seem to you (to 
be ?) We understand' that Latinus was the sow"" of Fau- 
nus and of the Laurentian nymph Marlca. Ancus Martius 
was the grandson of Numa Pompilius by a daughter''. Mer- 
cury was the son^ of Jupiter and Maia. 

* to cause to be believed, fidem facio. * satus. "^ sanguis. ^ ortus. 
* locus, f honestus. ^ § 237. * causa. * what kind of "person^ 
qualis i prognatus. * natus. ' accipio ™ genitus " hv 
daughter, filia ortus. 



•24 



/. 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &C. 



14J 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &c. 

<^ 247. Nouns denoting the cause, manner, meansy 
and instrument, after adjectives and verbs, are put in 
the ablative without a preposition. 



Morals have been corrupted by 
the admiration of wealth. 

Every one is most attracted by 
his own pursuit. 

Some are moved by grief, oth- 
ers by passion. 

I agree with those who think 
that all these things are regulated 
by nature. 

He who fears that which can- 
not be avoided, can by no means 
live with a quiet mind. 

It cannot be told how much I 
was delighted with your yester- 
day's discourse. 

Some amusement is allowed to 
youth by the consent of all. 

All Italy has been inflamed 
with the love of liberty. 

He offended no one in deed, 
word, or look. 

The Roman people expressed 
their pleasure by a very great 
shouting. 

I wondered that you had writ- 
ten to me with your own hand. 

I perceive that you are rejoiced 
at my moderation and forbear- 
ance. 

We are inclii sd by nature to 
ove mankind. 

All men are captivated by 
pleasure. 



Mos corrumpo admi' 
ratio divitiae. 

Suus quisque studium 
maxime duco. 

Alius dolor moveo, 
alius cupiditas. 

Assentior is qui hie 
omnis rego natura puto. 

Q,ui is, qui vito non 
possum, metuo, is vivo 
animus quietus nullus 
modus possum. 

Dico non possum, quam 
hesternus disputatio tuus 
delector*^. 

Do concessus omnis 
aliquis Indus adolescen- 
tia. 

Totus Italia desiderium 
libertas exardeo. 

Nemo res, verbum, vul- 
tus offendo. 

Magnus clamor suus 
populus Romanus sig- 
nifico voluntas. 

Admlror, quod ad ego 
tuus manus scribo*. 

Laetor tu noster mod- 
eratio et continentia vi- 
deo. 

Natura propensus sum 
diligo" homo. 

Voluptas capio omnis 



i42 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &C 



'J 247. 



We judge of the uneasiness 
and pain of the body by the 
mind, but perceive not the dis- 
ease of the mind by the body. 

The wise (man) is accustomed 
lO measure the use of money, not 
by (its) magnitude, but (its) ra- 
tional employment. 

The enemy having been con- 
quered, the Roman king tore in 
pieces, by means of swift horses, 
Mettus Fuffetius, the violator of 
the treaty. 

Both the robber and the cau- 
tious traveller are girded with 
a sword. 

How many more men have 
been destroyed by the violence 
of men, by wars and seditions, 
than by every other calamity! 

Neptune struck the earth with 
his trident. 

We especially admire him who 
is not moved by money. 

A saying of Caesar's is pre- 
served to the pilot alarmed by so 
great danger ; '* What dost thou 
fear? Thou art carrying Caesar." 

Thence they come to Sidon, a 
city famous for its antiquity and 
the renown of its founders. 

Men, suffering by a severe dis- 
ease, when they are made restless 
by heat and fever, if they drink 
cold water, seem at first to be 
relieved. 

R. 1. I cannot write the rest 
by reason of my tears. 

R. 2. Many on account of 
friendship had followed Caesar 
firom the citv 



Corpus gravTtas'^ et 
dolor animus judic >, 
animus morbus corpus 
non sentio. 

Sapiens soleo usus pe- 
cunia non magnitudo sed 
ratio metior. 

Hostis vinco, rex Ro- 
manus ruptor fcedus Met- 
tus Fuffetius pernix equus 
distraho. 

Et latro et cautus prae- 
cingo' ensis viator. 

Quantus-'' plus homo 
deleo impetus homo, hel- 
ium aut seditio, quam 
omnis reliquus calami- 
tas ! 

Neptiinus tridens suus 
terra percutio. 

Maxime admiror is, 
qui pecunia non moveo. 

Exto ad trepTdus tan- 
tus discrimcn gubernator 
vox Caesar ; " Q,uis ti- 
meo? Caesar veho." 

Inde Sidon^ venio'', 
urbs vetustas J'amdque 
conditor incl^ftus. 

Homo aeger morbus 
gravis, quum cBstus fe- 
hrisf\ae jacto, si aqua 
gelidus bibo*, primo rel- 
evo videor. 

Non prcB lacrima pos- 
sum relTquus-^ scribo. 

Multus ex urbs ami' 
citia causa Caesar sequor 



^ 247. AULATIVE OP' CAUSE, SlC. l4Ji 

I desired this more on your Vestcr magis hie causa 

account than my own. volo, quam meus. 

2. The ediles divided to Frumentum vis ingens, 

the people, with the greatest qui ex Africa P. Scipio 

fidelity and acceptableness, a mitto,aediles, cwmsuperus 

large quantity of corn, which ^des et gratia divido. 
P. Scipio had sent from Africa. 

R. 4. Appius had given to Appius turma aliquot 

Scaptius several squadrons of eques do Scaptius, per 

cavalry, by means of which he qui Salaminius coerceo. 
might coerce the Salaminians. 

* § 265. 6 § 273, 5. ' § 275, III. R. 3. * § 229. " sing, f § 250, 
R. 6, (a.) ^§80,1. M248,R.l, (!,)&§ 184, 2. * § 261, 2. i pi. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Many diseases are cured** by abstinence and rest. Men 
were born for the sake^ of men. Proud Rome herself is 
ruined" by her own prosperity^. Let us always worship* 
God with a pure mind. Many, being seduced-^ by the hope 
of greater riches'*, have lost^ what they possessed*. A dis- 
course* ought^ to be more embellished*^ with thoughts^ than 
words. Pharos guides'" the course of ships by nightly Jires 
from (its) tower. Timanthes, when he wished" to express 
the size" of the sleeping Cyclops, painted satyrs near^ 
(him,) measuring his thumb with a thyrsus. The Roman 
republic was established by the genius, not of one (man,) 
but of many. The king of the Parthians, terrified by the 
renown of Nero, sent his children (as) hostages' to Caesar. 
No tree'^ can be planted* of such long duration by the cul- 
ture of a husbandman' as by the verse of a poet. Athenagoras, 
who had dared to export corn in a famine, was beaten" with 
rods". The expectation of a gladiatorial show"' had in- 
creased"^ by (means of) rumor, and by the talk- of the com- 
petitors. 

" euro. * causa. " frango. <^ bonum, pi. * veneror. ^ aDicio 
^ perdo. ^ lit. present (riches ) * oratio. J debeo. ^ ornatus. ' sen- 
tentia. ^ rego. " cupio. " rnagnitudo. p juxta. ' § 230, R. 2 
'' stirps. * semino. ' lit. so lasting a tree can be planted by the cullurt 
of no husbandman. " caedo. " virga. ^ a gladiatorial show, munus 
* cresco. ^ pi. 



144 ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &C. § 247 

On the death of Marcius", L. Tarquinius was created 
king, with all the votes of the people, A camp servant* was 
once*" found*^ near the bed-chamber* of Augustus, girt-^ with 
a hunling-knife^ . Betis, looking at'' Alexander not only 
with an undaunted', but even with a haughty-' countenance, 
uttered no word^ in answer' to"" his threats. Dionysius sent 
a ship adorned with garlands'" to meet" Plato^ ; (and) him- 
self, in a chariot of four white horses', received'^ (him) on 
the shore when he landed^ 1 came in a very heavy' rain 
to Capua, the day before the nones" ; the consuls had 
not yet arrived", but were about to arrive. A good man 
retains, with unfading"" memory, benefits received"^ ; but 
(those) which he has himself conferred^ he remembers, as 
'ong as^ he who has received"" (them) is grateful. 

* lit. Marcins being dead, § 257. '' a camp servant, lixa. " quon- 
dam. <^ deprehendo. * cubiculuin. -'' cinctus. ^ culter venatoris. 
"^ to look at, intueor. ' interrltus. / contumax. *^ vox. ' to utter in 
answer, reddo. "* ad. " adorned with garlands, vittatus. " obviam. 
^ § 228, 1. ' « chariot of four ichite horses, quadriga alba. '' ex- 
cipio. * when he landed, egrediens, § 274, 3. ' very heavy, maximus. 
"§326,2,(3.) "ven^o. " immortalis. *perc^p'o. ^tribuo. ' as long 
us, tamdiu — quoad. <** accipio 

The Roman commander walked" in the gymnasium, m* a 
cloak and slippers" , and gave (his) attention*^ to the palaestra. 
The Romans borrowed* (their) armor^ and military weapons 
from the Samnites ; the insignia of (their) magistrates prin- 
cipally^ from the Tuscans; and executed'' with*^ the greatest-' 
z<al, at home^, what' appeared'" useful" among" allies or 
enemies. When Isocrates perceived^ that orators were 
heard with severe judgment'' , but'^ poets with"^ pleasure, he 
is said to have cultivated^ a rhythm', which we might use 
even in prose". The Romans sent" ambassadors to"" the 
consuls, to announce"" (to them,) that they should, collect^ 
wit¥ care the relics of the two armies. It has been estab- 
lished"" by nature, that those (things,) which we have written 
with' labor, we think"" are also heard with^ labor. Danaus 
first** came from Egypt to Greece by sea"". The Roman 
people placed statues in every quarter'''^ to Marius", and 
performed a supplication ^^ with incense and wine. Augus- 
tus used to play^^ at dice^^ , marbles'^\ or nuts, with little-'^ 
boys, whom he collected^*' from all quarters'', especially""* 
Vloors"" and Syrians. 



^ 243. 



THE VOLUNTARY AGENT. 



145 



inainbulo. 



cum. '^ crepida. <^ opera. 



sumo. f arma 
^ plerusque, lit. most of the insignia. ^ exsequor. * R. 3. J supgrus. 
'' \*i'l\, R. 3. ' and ichat, que annexed to the relative "* videor 
" idi)neus. " apud. p video. ' severe judgment, severitdis. *" autem 
^ "iiil, 3, (c,) ad init. * sequor. ' numerus, pi. " oratio. ^ § 145 
I 3. "^ § 22o, 4. ^ 5 2G ^ 5. y ^ 273, 3, (a.) '^ comparo, impers. ; lit. it 
has been so established. <*" puto. *' § 205, R. 15. "^ by sea, nave. 
'^'^ in every quarter, vicatim. ** § 223. •^■^ to perform a supplication, 
supplico ^^ § 145,11. 1. ^'» talus *» ocellatus. •'■^ parvulus. 



conquiro. ^'^ from all quarters, undique. 



prsECipue. 



ace. 



THE VOLUNTARY AGENT. 



^ 248, I. The voluntary agent of a verb in the 
passive voice is put in the ablative with a or ab. 



Alcibiades was educated in the 
house of Pericles and instructed 
by Socrates. 

Perdiccas is slain at the river 
Nile by Seleucus and Antigonus. 

Alexander the Great was car- 
ried off by disease at Babylon : 
Philip was killed near the theatre 
by Pausanias, when he was going 
to see the games. 

A public slave was sent to kill 
Marius with a sword, which 
(slave) had been taken by that 
commander in the Cimbrian war. 

The father of Casticus had 
been called a friend by the senate 
and Roman people. 

Divico replied, that the Helvetii 
had been so instructed by their 
ancestors, that they were accus- 
tomed to receive hostages, not to 
give (them.) 

Cresar found on inquiry, that 
13 



Alcibiades ediico in 
domus Pericles, et e?'u- 
dio a Socrates. 

Perdiccas apud flumen 
Nil us interjicio a Seleu- 
cus et Antigonus. 

Alexander Magnus 
Babylon" mors consu- 
me : Philippus a Pausa- 
nias, quum specto* eo 
ludus, juxta theatrum oc- 
cido. 

Interficio'^ gladius Ma- 
rius mitto servus publT- 
cus, qui ab is imperdtor 
bellum'^ Cimbricus capio. 

Casticus pater a send- 
tus popuhisque Romdnus 
amicus appello. 

Divico respondeo, itn 
Helvetii a majores su- 
ns instituo, uti obses ac- 
cipio, non do, consuesco. 

Reperio Caesar in quai« 



146 



THE rOLUNTARY AGENT. 



5 246. 



the commencement of the flight 
had Deen made by Dumnorix and 
his horse^nen. 

The same day Caesar was in- 
formed by scouts, that the enemy 
had encamped near the mountain. 

Considius informs Caesar, that, 
the mountain, which he wished 
to be occupied by Labienus, was 
held by the enemy. 

Ariovistus replied that he had 
not crossed the Rhine of his own 
accord, but had been invited by 
the Gauls, and was occupying set- 
tlements in Gaul ceded by them. 

The Arverni and Ruteni were 
vanquished in war by Q,. Fabius 
Maximus. 

The father of C. Valerius Ca- 
Durus was presented with the 
freedom of the city, by C. Va- 
lerius Flaccus. 

Miltiades exhorted the keepers 
of the bridge not to let slip the 
opportunity afforded them by for- 
tune of giving freedom to Greece. 

R. 1. The inner teeth, which 
are called the jaw-teeth, masticate 
the food. 

The Suevi bathe in rivers. 

All things change, nothing per- 
ishes. 

R. 2. Some said that Sulla had 
died by robbers, others, by indi- 
gestion. 

Otho did not disguise, that it 
was of no moment whether he 
fell in battle by the enemy, or in 
the forum by creditors. 



ro*, initium fuga facio a 
Dufnnorix atque is eques. 

Idem dies ab explordtor 
Cajsar certus/«c20, hostis 
sub mons consido. 

Considius Caesar dico, 
mons, qui a Labienus 
occupo volo, ab hostis 
teneo. 

Ariovistus respondeo, 
transeo Rhenus sui non 
suus spons, sed arcesso a 
Gallus, et sedes habeo in 
Gallia ab ipse concedo. 

Bellum supero Arverni 
et Ruteni a Q. Fabius 
Maximus. 

C. Valerius Caburus 
pater a C. Valerius Flac' 
cus civTtas-^ dono. 

Miltiades hortor pons 
custos, ne a fortuna 
datus occasio libero^ 
Graecia dimitto''. 

Interior dens, qui ge- 
nuinus voco, conficio 
esca. 

Suevus lavo in flumen. 

Omnis muto ; nihil in- 
tereo. 

Sulla morior alius a la- 
tro, alius cruditas dico. 

Otho non dissimulo, 
nihil refero, ab hostis in 
acies, an in forum sub 
creditor cado 



• § 254. fc § 276. II. ' § 275, III. R. 3. 
R. 4. / § 249, I. ^ § 275, M. * § 262. 



§ 253. » § 275, III 



^ 249. THE ABLATIVE OF THAT WITH WHICH, &,C 



14' 



THE ABLATIVE OF THAT WITH WHICH, &c 

§ 249^ I. A noun denoting the means, by which 
the action of a verb is performed, is put in the ablative 
after verbs signifying to affect in any way, to fill, fur- 
nish, load, array, equip, endow, adorn, reward, enrich^ 
and many others. 

God has filled the world with Deus honum omnis ej- 
all good things. pleo mundus. 

The inhabitants of Crotona Crotoniatse quondam 
formerly desired to enrich the templum Juno egregius 
temple of Juno with choice pictiira locupleto voJo. 
paintings. 

Nature has adorned Germany Natura Germania dec- 
with armies of very tall men. oro altus homo exercitus. 

The son of Papirius (when) iEdes Q,uirinus, ab 
consul dedicated the temple of dictator pater votus filius 
duirinus, vowed by his father Papirius consul dedico, 
(when) dictator, and adorned (it) exorwoque hostis spolium. 
with the spoils of the enemy. 

Neptune filled the sails with 
favorable winds. 

The queen filled the cup with 
pure wine. 

Come, my companions, and fill 
with me your laps with flowers. 



Uttering such exclamations she 
was filling the whole house with tectum omnis repleo. 



Neptunus ventus im- 
pleo velum secundus. 

Regina impleo merum 
patera. 

Comes accedo, et ego- 
cum vester floi^ repleo 
sinus. 

Talis vocifero gemitus 



groans. 

The sun is of so great a size 
that it enlightens and fills all 
things with its light. 

All the cities are filled with 
grief and slaughter. 

The neck of the bull is bur- 
dened with the plough. 

He loads the ships with pro- 
visions. 

Covered with gold, they champ 
the yellow gold beneath their 
leeth. 



Sol tantus magnitude 
sum ut cunctus suus lux 
illustro et compleo. 

Luctus atque cades 
omnis oppTdum compleo. 

Taurus cervix ojiej'o 
aratrum. 

Commedtus navis one- 
ro. 

Tectus aurum, fulvus 
mando sub dens aurum 



148 ABLATIVE OF ACCORDANCE § ^^'^* 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Bagophanes .tad streioed'^ the whole way with flowers and 
garlands ; placing* silver altars on either side, which he 
heaptd not only with frankincense, but with every species of 
odors. The pillars'^ which sustain the whole weight* of the 
hanging-'' gardens ?vere built^ of stone; above the pillars the 
surface'' was paved' with square-^ stones, supporting* the 
earth' which they laid^ deep upon"* (it.) Hamilcar subdued" 
the greatest and most warlike nations, and enriched" all 
Africa with horses, arms, men, (and) money. 

* consterno. * dispone, § 257, R. 5, (a.) * every species of, omnis. 
^ pila. * onus, f pensTlis. ^ instruo. ^ solum. * sterno. ^ quad- 
ra tus. * patiens. ^ § 213. "* to Lay wpow, injicio. " sublgo. " locu- 
pleto. ^ pres. 



ABLATIVE OF ACCORDANCE 

<§> 249, II. A noun denoting that in accordance with 
which any thing is, or is done, is often put in the ablative 
without a preposition. 

At home he maintained such a Intra paries alo is 

reputation as no poet has, in my gloria, qui nemo quidem, 

opinion acquired. jxeus judicium "^ohidi con- 

sequor. 

Pompey will conquer according Pompeius Sullanus" 

to the manner and example of mos exemplumque vinco. 
Sulla. 

Socrates, according to the tes- Socrates, omnis erudi- 

timony of all learned men, and tus testimonium, totusque 

the judgment of all Greece, was judicium Grsecia, philos- 

the prince of philosopl ers. ophus omnis sum prin- 

ceps. 

We dissent widely from those Ab is, qui pecus** ritus 

who, like brute anima s, refer ad voluptas omnis refero 

every thing to pleasure. longe dissentio. 

'^ ad^ * pecus, udis. 



§ 249 ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT. 149 



English to he turned into Latin. 

He erected upon* piles a very lofty tower after^ the mau' 
ner" of the Pharos at Alexandria*^. Perseus, driven* by 
contrary-'' winds, is carried now hither, now thither, lihe^ a 
watery cloud. It may with probability'' be concluded', that 
he is properly first according to his own judgment, who is^ 
second according to the judgment of all others. Similar to 
this*", at least^ in my judgment, are those"* (passages) in 
which words are withheld" from modesty". Then arose^ 
the celebrated' Demetrius Phalereus, the most accomplished'", 
in my opinion" , of them^ all. They are unwilling to feed' a 
glutton", and they are wise", at least- in my opinion"" . 

" to erect upon, superpono. ^ in. '^ exemplum, ace. ^ at Mex- 
nndria, adj. limiting Pharos. ' actus. / discors. ^ exemplum. 
^ probabiliter. * conficio, J § 266, 1. * qui, § 206, (17.) ' at least, 
quidera. ^ neut. " subtraho. ° from modesty , ^\xdor'is gx^^.\^. ^ ex- 
Bisto. 9 § 207, R. 24. *" polltus. * iste. * alo. " homo edax. * to 
be wise, sapio. ^ sententia. 



ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT. 

<5> 249^ III. The ablative denoting accompanim< nt 
is usually joined w^ith cum. 

Turn us extends both his hands Turnus duplex cum 

with his voice towards the stars. vox manus ad sidus 

tendo. 

I remarked that along with your Dico ego, cum ceterus 

other honorable distinctions this tuus laus hie sum vel 

was even the greatest, that you magnus, quod non solum 

not only said what was necessary, qui opus sum", dico*; sed 

but also omitted to say what was etiam qui non opus sum", 

not necessary. non dico*. 

With peace a cheaper rate of Urbs cum pax laxus 

provisions returned to the city. etiam annona redeo. 

Among other things, the am- Cum ceterus res lega- 

bassadors were bringing to the tus ille quoque eximius 

Capitol that choice gift also. donum in Capitolium af- 



fero. 



13* 



150 



ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT. 



5.249 



There he ordered the clouds to 
abide, and with the lightnings the 
winds producing cold. 

Thrice and four times he shook 
the terrific locks of (his) head; 
with which he agitates the earth, 
the sea, (and) the stars. 

Great cities perish with their 
walls ; and the fires turn to ashes 
whole nations with their tribes. 

The woods with the mountains 
are set on fire. 

The Caucasus is kindled, and 
Ossa with Pindus, and Olympus, 
greater than both. 

The Don smoked in the midst 
of its waves, and the swift Isme- 
nus with Arcadian Erymanthus. 

The same accident dries the 
Thracian rivers Hebrus with the 
Strymon. 

The light terrifies the infernal 
king with his wife. 

In the chapel of Concord men 
were stationed with swords. 

Perception is lost at the same 
time vvith life. 

CaBsar with all his forces set 
out in pursuit of the Helvetii. 



Illic consisto nubes ju* 
beo, et cum fulmen faci- 
ens frigus ventus. 

Terrificus caput con- 
cutio terque quaterque 
caBsaries" ; cum qui terra, 
mare, sidus, moveo. 

Magnus pereo cum mce- 
nia urbs : cwmque suus 
totus populus incendium 
gens in cinis verto. 

Silva cum mons ardeo 

Caucasus ardeo, Ossa- 
que cum Pindus, mag- 
nusque ambo Olympus. 

Medius Tanais fumo 
in unda, et celer Ismenos 
cum Phocaicus Eryman- 
thus. 

Fors idem amnis Is- 
marius Hebrus cum Stry- 
mon sicco. 

Lumen infernus terreo 
cum conjux rex. 

In cella Concordia 
cum_ gladius homo col- 
loco. 

Pariter cum vita sensus 
amitto. 

Caesar cum omnis copia 
Helvetii sequor coepi. 



* § 266, 1. 6 § 266, 3. " sing. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Along loith*^ her blood she pours forth* her' life. He 
hates the string, the bow, his'' hand, and with his*" hand, his' 
rash weapons. The hostile'* Trojans^ demand punishment-'' 
with blood. I am borne, loith my*" companions and my*^ son, an 
^xile to the deep. I would have destroyed^ the son and the 



^250. 



ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 



15 



father ivith the (whole) race^. The god plunges' him head 
long^ into the liquid waves, icith a part of the stern torn 
away*, and with the helm, 

" along with, pariter cum. * to pour forth, fundo. * § 207, Remark 
36, (c.) <^ infensus. * Dardamdae. f pi. ^ extinguo, § 162, 7, (c.) 
'• genu-. * projicio. J prseceps. * revello. 



ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 

<§» 250. A noun, adjective, or verb, may be followecl 
by the ablative, denoting in what respect their significa- 
tion is taken. 



I am inclined to think that, in 
eloquence, C. Gracchus has no 
equal ; he is grand in diction, 
wise in sentiment, (and) dignified 
in his whole style. 

The wild bees are rough in 
their appearance, much more pas- 
sionate, but excellent in labor. 

Pamphilus was a Macedonian 
by nation. 

Tullia, the wife of Tarquin, 
was not dissimilar in her charac- 
ter, who, to salute her husband 
king, drove her affrighted horses 
over her bleeding father. 

2, (1.) Cato, exempt from 
all human faults, always had for- 
tune in his own power. 

Apelles painted a picture of 
king Antigonus, wanting one eye, 
and made it oblique, that what 
was wanting to the body might 
seem rather to be wanting to the 
picture. 



Eloquentia quidem 
nescio an habeo" par ne- 
mo C. Gracchus ; gran- 
dis sum verhum^, sapiens 
sentential, genus totus 
gravis. 

Apis Silvester horridus 
sum aspectus, muitus'' 
iracundus, sed labor prce- 
stans. 

Pamphilus sum*^ Mace- 
do natio. 

Non abhor'reo mos Tul- 
lia, Tarquiniusuxor, qui, 
ut vir rex saluto, super 
cruentus pater consterna- 
tus ago equus. 

Omnis humanus viti- 
um immunis Cato, sem- 
per fortuna in suus potes- 
tas habeo. 

Pingo Apelles Antigo- 
nus rex imago alter ocu- 
lus orhus, obliquusque 
facio, ut qui corpus de- 
sum'^ pictura potiiis de- 
sum videor. 



152 



ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 



^S250 



A mind free from uneasiness 
makes (men) perfectly and abso- 
lutely happy. 

We have not seen a sword out 
of the scabbard in the city. 

The mind during sleep is free 
from sensations and cares. 

Whenever we are free from 
(our) necessary business and 
cares, then we long to hear, to 
see, and to learn something new. 

(2.) While they are free from 
one kind of injustice, they fall in- 
to another. 

You will show that death is 
free from every evil. 

I hope that our friendship 
wants not witnesses. 

Can he, who is not, want any 
thing? 

While we are free from guilt, 
let us bear all human (events) 
with patience and moderation. 

How long shall he, who excels 
all enemies in wickedness, be 
without the name of an enemy ? 

As long as I shall live, I will 
be uneasy at nothing, while I am 
free from all guilt. 

You want not my prayers and 
encouragement. 

The one, as Isocrates said, 
wants a bridle, the other spurs. 

His oration abounded with ev- 
ery grace. 

Dumb animals are destitute of 
the affections of men, but they 
have certain impulses resembling 
them. 

Almost the whole of Spain 
ibounds in mines of iron, brass 
gold, (and^l silver. 



Perturbatio vacuus an- 
imus perfecte atque ab- 
solute beatus efficio. 

Gladius vagina vacuus 
in urbs non video. 

Animus per somnus 
sum sensus et cura vacu- 
us. 

Cum sum necessarius 
negotium cwmque vacu- 
us, tum aveo aliquis vi- 
deo, audio, addisco. 

Dum alter injustitia 
genus vaco, in alter in- 
curro. 

Doceo careo omnis 
malum mors. 

Spero noster amicitia 
non egeo testis. 

An possum is, qui non 
sum, res ullus careo ? 

Culpa cum careo^ om- 
nis humanus placate et 
moderate fero. 

Quousque is, qui om- 
nis hostis scelus supero, 
nomen hostis careo ? 

Nee dum sum, angror 
ullus res, cum omnis va- 
co culpa. 

Prex noster et cohorta- 
tio non indigeo. 

Alter, uti dico Isocra- 
tes, frenum egeo, alter 
calcar. 

Oratio is omnis orna- 
mentum ahundo. 

Mutus animal huma- 
nus affectus careo, habeo 
autem similis ille quidam 
impulsus. 

Metallum ferrum*, a?s, 
aurum, argentum, totu.« 
fere Hispania scateo. 



^ 250. ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 153 

No part of life can be exempt Nullus vita pars vacr 

from' duty. officium possum. 

The Minturnenses put Marius Minturnenses Marius, 

on shipboard, furnished with trav- instructus viaticum, col- 

elling expenses and garments latusque vestis, in navis 

raised by contribution. impono. 

R. 3. I ask what shall be done Q,uaero, si, qui volo-' 

respecting the money, if there vendo, non sum^, quia 

shall be none who are willing to pecunia facio*" 1 
sell? 

» § 265, R. 3. ^ 'pl. «= § 256, R. 16. ^ imp. ' gen. f § 264, 6. 
^ fut.perf. ^ fut. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Roman state" passed* its infancy under seven kings, 
as various in (their) disposition' as the benefit"^ of the republic 
demanded. The lieutenant of Metellus was C. Marius, born 
of equestrian rank',^Mre'^ in (his) life, excellent^ in war, 
(but) most pernicious^ in peace. The Lacedaemonian Agesi- 
laus was king in name, not in power, like* the rest of the 
Spartan kings. Nothing is more scandalous-' than a man 
advanced in age^, who has no other' argument by which to 
prove"" that he has lived long except" (his) age. Ennius 
was older" than Plautus and Nsevius. 

" res. * habeo. " ingenium. <* utilTtas. * locus. ^ sanctus. 

^ optimus. * pessimus. * sicuti. ^ turpis. * a man advanced in 

age, grandis natu senex. ' alius. "* § 264, 5. " prseter. " major 
natu. 

Romulus chose* a place for his city, both abounding in 
springs and healthy^ (though) in a pestilential district*. He 
placed it on the bank of a river discharging itself "^ into the 
sea', that-'' it might^ both receive (that) from the sea which 
it needed^ , and give* (that) of which it had a super abundance K 
Plerainius put the tribunes to death*, and, not glutted '^ with 
(their) punishment (while) living, cast them forth™ unburied. 
The mind can never be free"" from agitation and movement" . 

°' delTgo. * saluber. '^ regio. ^ discharging itself, influens 
* § 2:24, R. 4 ^ quo. ' possum. * egeo, § 2(50, 1. ' reddo. ■/ to 
have a superabundance, redundo. ^ to put to deuth, jn*.erficio. ' satij- 
f.us. ^ to cast forth, projicio. ^ to be free, ca.reo. motus. 



ir>4 



ABLATIVE OF PRIVATION AND SEPARATION. 



§261 



ABLATIVE OF PRIVATION AND SEPARATION. 

§ 251. A noun denoting that of which any thinj» 
is dfprived^ or from whic.h it \^ freed^ removed, or sepa- 
rated^ is often put in the ablative witiiout a preposition. 



P. Claudius, when he chick- 
ens, set free from the coop, would 
not feed, ordered them to be 
plunged into water, that, as they 
would not eat, they might drink. 

The children of the proscribed, 
excluded from (their) paternal 
property, were also forbidden the 
right of being competitors for 
honors. 

These (things) having been 
atoned for according to the Sib- 
ylline books, in great measure 
freed (their) minds from super- 
stitious fear. 

R. 1. The Portian law removed 
the rod from the bodies of all 
Roman citizens. 

R. 2. P. Lsenas hurled S. Lu- 
cilius from the Tarpeian rock, 
and when his colleagues had 
fled to Sulla, forbade them fire 
and water. 



P. Claudius, quum ca- 
vea liber dtus pull us non 
pascor"', mergo is in aqua 
jubeo, ut bibo, quoniam 
edo** nolo. 

Proscriptus liberi, ex- 
clusus paternus opes", 
etiam petendus*^ honor 
JUS prohibeo. 

Hic procuratus ex li- 
ber Sibyllinus magnus 
ex pars levo religio ani- 
mus, J 

Portius lex virga ab 
omnis civis Romanus 
corpus removeo. 

P. Laenas S. Lucilius 
saxum" Tarpeius dejicio, 
et quum collega is ad 
Sulla profugio, aqua ig- 
msque is* interdico. 



§ 263, 5. * § 181. « § 242. ^ § 275, 11. * § 224. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

You wiW free"' us from every uneasiness^. Caesar marked 
some*" standard-bearers with disgrace'', and removed* them 
from (their) rank^. The Athenian people banished^ Pho- 
cion from (his) country. W^hy should we, by adding ex- 
pense'' to sacred rites', debar ^ poverty from approaching^ 
the gods'? Caesar considered™ (it) sufficient" for the pres 



ABLATIVE OF PRICE. 



155 



^252. 

3iit'' to prevent^ the enemy from plundering'' , foragtng', and 
laying waste' . 

" expedio. ^ molestia. " nonnullus. ^ infamia. * moveo. / iv 
cus. ^ pello. ^ sumtus, lit expense being added, § 257. * sacrea 
rites, sacra, i arceo. 'f aditus ' gen. ^ habeo. " satis. " for the 
vrcscnt, in prsBsentia. ^ prohibeo. ' rapina, pi. *" pabulatio, pi. 
* laying waste, populatio. 



ABLATIVE OF PRICE. 

§ 25'Z. Tlij price or value of a thing is pot in i\w 
ablative, when it^is a definite sum, or is expressed by 
a substantive. 



M. Seius, during a dearth of 
corn, gave the people a bushel 



tor 



to 

an as. 



1 know that a white nightin- 
gale, which is (a thing) almost 
unheard of, was sold for six thou- 
sand sesterces, for a present to 
Agrippina, the wife of Claudius. 

The vindication of liberty cost 
Cicero his life. 



Isocrates sold 
twenty talents. 

King Attalus 
dred talents for 



one oration for 

offered a hun- 
one picture of 



Aristides, a Theban painter. 

From Verres even the common 
crier, who pleased, purchased the 
rank of a senator with money. 

He sold (it) to some one for a 
large sum of money. 

I would most willingly have 
redeemed the state from destruc- 
tion at my own private loss. 

I sell my (goods) for no more 
than other persons, probably for 
less. 



M. Seius, in annona 
caritas, as modius popii 
lus do. 

Scio sestertius sex, lus 
cinia candidus, qui sum 
prope inusitatus, veneo", 
qui Agrippina Claudius 
conjux donum'' do". 

Vindicta libertas Cice- 
ro'' mors sto. 

Viginti talentum unus 
oratio Isocrates vendo. 

Aristides, Thebanus 
pictor, unus tabula* cen- 
tum talentum rex Atta- 
ins ticeor. 

Ab Verres et praeco, 
qui volo, ordo senatorius 
pretium meteor. 

AITquis vendo pecunia 
grandis. 

Calamitas* ego a res^ 
publTca meus privatus zw- 
commodum ^ libenter red- 
Tmo. 

Vendo meus non mut- 
tus quam ceterus, fortas- 
se etiam parvus. 



|;'>6 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



§ 253. 



R. 3. Chrysogonus bought a 
vessel of Corinthian brass, for so 
great a price, that those who 
heard the price reckoned, thought 
a farm was selling. 

R. 3. It is for the interest of 
the seller that the thing should 
sell for as much as possible. 



Chrysogonus vas ali- 
quis Corinthius taiitus 
pretium mercor, ut, qui 
pretium enumero audio, 
fundus veneo arbitror. 

Venditor expedio, res 
veneo^ quam plurwius. 



* § 142, 3. 
' § 269, R. 2. 



§ 227. 



§ 264, 5. 



§223. 



ace. 



fpL 



English to be turned into Latin. 

A scruple of gold was worth* twenty sesterces. CaBlius 
pays a rent'' of thirty thousand (asses). That victory cost' 
the Carthaginians'^ much blood. (That) which is unneces- 
sary* is dear at a half-penny A In this suit^ Timotheus is 
found guilty'', and the penalty* was fixed ^ at a hundred tah 
ents. Cfelius hired* a house at a moderate' (price) upon 
the Palatine hilP. 



* to be worth, valeo. * to pay a rent, habito. " sto. 
opus. /as. ^judicium. ^ to find guilty, da.mno. 
* conduco. * non magno. "* Palatine hill, Palatium. 



^ dat. * non 
lis. i eestimo. 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



<§) 253. A noun denoting the time at or within 
which any thing is said to be, or to be done, is put in 
the ablative without a preposition. 



The origin of all this wicked- 
ness shall be explained in its 
proper time. 

The senate was at the same 
time in the temple of Concord. 

There are three things which 
It this time may make against 
Roscius. 

You wrote me a letter on your 
birth-day. 



Suus tempus totus hie 
scelus fons aperio. 

Sum idem tempus se- 
natus in sedis Concordia 

Tres sum res, qui ob 
sto hie tempus Roscius. 

Natalis dies tuus scribo 
epistola -id ego. 



^ 253. 



ABLATIVt OF TIME. 



157 



I call to mind in the evening 
whatever I may have said, heard, 
or done, every day. 

Durincr the winter which fol- 
lowed, the German Usipetes, and 
also the Tenchtheri, with a great 
multitude of uien, crossed the 
river Rhine not far from the sea. 

Caesar set sail about the third 
ivatch. 

The next day the enemy, hav- 
ng assembled much greater 
brces, assault the camp. 

Corinth was taken in the fourth 
i^ear of the one hundred and 
fixty-first Olympiad, in the six 
mndred and eighth (year) of 
tlome. 

Who is there who can believe 
that Apollo answered Pyrrhus in 
Latin? Besides, Apollo had al- 
ready ceased to make verses in 
IPyrrhus's time. 

The Arabs, Phrygians, and Ci- 
Ucians, because they chiefly prac- 
tise the pasturage of cattle, trav- 
erse the plains and mountains in 
summer and winter. 

The troops assembled, accord- 
ir r to command, in the beginning 
o! spring ; and Hannibal, having 
re*'iewed the auxiliaries of all the 
nations, went to Gades, (and) paid 
(h s) vows to Hercules. 

The male deer have horns, and 
los ) (them) every year at a stated 
tim'^ in the spring ; therefore, they, 
abo'it this time, seek as unfre- 
que'Ued (peaces) as possible. 

R. 1. The first Olympiad was 
established 108 years after Ly- 
14 



Q,uis quisque dies di* 
CO, audio, ago, commeiu- 
oro vesper. 

Is, qui sequor, hie/as. 
Usipetes Germani, et 
item Tenchtheri, mag- 
nus cum multitudo ho- 
mo, flumen Rhenus trans- 
eo, non longe a mare. 

Caesar tertius fere w- 
ffilia solvo. 

Hostis posterus dies, 
multus magnus copia co- 
go, castra oppugno. 

Corinthus capio annus 
quartus Olympias centes- 
imus sexagesimus pri- 
mus, Roma sexcentesi' 
mus octdvus. 

Quis sum qui credo" 
Apollo Latine Pyrrhus'' 
respondeo? Praeterea, 
Pyrrhus tempus' jam 
Apollo versus facio des- 
ino. 

Arabs et Phryx et Ci- 
lix, quod pastus pecus'^ 
maxime utor, campus et 
mons hiems et cBstas pei a- 
gro. 

Ver primus ad edictum 
copia convenio; et Han- 
nibal, quum recenseo 
auxilium omnis gens, 
Gades proficiscor, Her- 
cijles votum exsolvo. 

Cervus mas cornu ha- 
beo, et omnis annus, sta- 
tus ver* tempus amitto, 
ideo sub ipse dies quam 
maxTme invius peto. 

Centura et octo annus-* 
postquam Lycurgus lex 



15S 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



§253. 



curgus undertook to enact his 
laws. 

T. Larcius was appointed dic- 
tator about ten years after the 
^rst consuls. 

By reckoning the years of the 
kings, it may be discovered, that 
Pythagoras first reached Italy one 
hundred and forty years after the 
death of Numa. 

R. 2. Carthage was destroyed 
one hundred and seventy-seven 
years ago, when it had stood six 
hundred and sixty-seven years. 

Demosthenes, who lived nearly 
three hundred years ago, said, 
that even then the Pythia took 
Philip's part. 

R. 3. We took an afternoon 
walk in the Academy, principally 
because that place at that time 
was free from a crowd. 

R. 4. At dawn of day Marcel- 
lus entered Syracuse with all his 
forces. 

At this time no state afforded 
assistance to the Athenians ex- 
cept the Plataeans. 



scribo instituo, primus 
pono Olympias. 

Dictator instituo de- 
cem fere annus post pri- 
mus consul T. Larcius. 

Regius annus dinu- 
mero^, intelligo possum, 
annus fere centesimus et 
qu adragesinms pos^ mors 
Numa primus'', Italia' 
Pythagoras attingo. 

Carthago diruo, quum 
sto annus sexcenti sexa- 
ginta septem, ahhinc an- 
nus"^ centum septuaginta 
septem. 

Demosthenes, qui ah- 
hinc annus"^ prope trecen- 
ti sum, jam tum Pythia 
cum Philippus facio dico. 

Ambulatio post merid- 
ianus conficio in Aca- 
demia, maxTme quod is 
locus ab turba is tempus 
vacuus sum'. 

Suh lux Marcellus om- 
nis copia* Syracusae in- 
aredior. 

CD 

Hie in tempus null us 
civTtas Atheniensis aux- 
ilium' sum praeter Platae- 
ensis. 



^' § 281, 7. '' ^ 223. 
•'•• S 20o, ii. 15. ^ ace. 



" pi. ^ gen. udis. * gen. f ahl. ' § 257. 
^ 266, 3. ^ ^ 249, m. Remark. ' § 227. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The catching* of tunnies^ is from the rising of the Pleia- 
des" to the setting of Arcturus ; in the rest'' of the season" 
they lie-^ in the bottom'' of the deep waters^. When the 
Roman garrison"' was besieged* by the Ligustines, a swal- 
hw, taken ^ from (her) young*', was brought' to Fabius Pic- 



5 253 ABLATIVE OF TIME. l5l 

tor, that, a thread'" being tied" to her foot, he might give 
notice" by the knots, upon what^ day relief would arrive'. 
Augustus died'' on the fourteenth (day before) the calends' of 
September, at the ninth hour of the day, in the seventy-sixth 
j/ear of (his) age. Although Homer's age^ is doubtful", yet 
he lived" many years before Romiilus. The corpse"' of Al- 
exander was transferred to Memphis, and thence, a few years 
after"^, to Alexandria. Socrates, on the last^ day of (his) 
life, discoursed^ at large"" on*** the immortality of the soul ; 
and, a few days before"^, when he might easily have been de- 
livered'"^ from prison'^'^, refused**. Aristides was recalled to 
(his) country five years after -^^ he had been expelled. The 
consul himself so urged^^ the work''^ that, on the forty-fifth 
day after'* the timber"" had been taken ^^ from the forest"", 
the ships, equipped^*^ and tackled^', were launched'"'" into 
the water. 

<» captura. ^ thynnus. " Vergiliae. ^ § 205, R. 17. * tempus. 
'^ lateo. ^ gurges. ^ pragsidium. * obsideo. ^ ablatus. * pullus 
' afFero. "* linuna. " alligo. " significo ^ quotua. ' advenio, 
§ 260, R. 7, (2.) "" obeo. ^ § 326, 2, (3.) « tempus, ^;. " incertus. 
"sum. "corpus. * R. 1. * superus. * dissero. <"^ a^ large. 
multa. ** de. <=<= educo. "^"^ custodia. ** nolo. ^J" five years after ^ 
post annum quintum quam. ^^ insto. ^^ § 224. " quam, without 
post, ^i detraho. ** instructus. '■'■ armatus. "*"* deduco. "" ma 
teries. "^ pi. 

Tyre was taken" in the seventh month after'' it had begun" 
to be besieged'*. Caesar defeated* Pharnaces, son of Mithri- 
dates, in a single-^ battle^, in four hours after'^ he came in 
sight*. Gymnasia were invented many centuries^ before* 
philosophers began to prate' in them. As to what*" Flavius 
says, that I gave security" more" than twenty-five years ago^ 
for' Cornificius, I wish'" you would take pains* to ascertain' 
whether it is"* so. If Cn. Pompey had lived" five hundred 
years ago"', death would have extinguished envy, and his 
exploits* would rest^ on the glory^ of an immortal"" name. 
The planet Saturn*'' completes'^" its revolution'*'^ in about** 
thirty years ; the planet Jupiter** completes the same revo- 
lution^-^ in twelve years. The tide^^ happens twice in the 
spaa of twenty-four hours. Pompey, in forty-nine^'' days, 
added'* Cilicia to the Roman empire. The army of Alexan- 
iler, in the space of fifteen days, surmounted ^^ Caucasus 
vhich divides A.sia with a continued chain^*. 

■^ capio * qukm, withovt post. ' coepi. <* oppugno. * ])iofligo 



160 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE IN WHICH. 



§254 



' unus. ^ acies. ''■ after, quihTis, K . 1, Note 4. 'conspec- 
tus, § 2'.)o, (2 ) J saeculum. * before, ante, in the first clause, aiiA 
qui 111, in the second. ' garrio. "* §206,(14.) "to give security 
spondeo. ° aaiplius. ^ abhinc, with abl R. 2. ' pro. *■ § 260, II. 
K. 4. * to take pains, do operam, § 26;<J, R. 4. ' § 273, 1. " whethei 
It IS, sitne, § 265. " sum. '^ abhinc, icith ace. " res gestae. ^ ni 
tor. ^§245,11.,!. ■" "" - - 

sus. " tere. ff orbis. 
" adjungo. ^^ supero. **jugum. 



sempiternus. ^* gen. '"'^ conficio. "" cur- 



dd 



kk 



^^ aestus maris. ** undequinquagesimus. 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE IN WHICH, &c. 

§ 254. The name of a town in which any thing is 
said to be, or to be done, if of the third declension or 
plural number, is put in the ablative without a prepo- 
sition. 



I suppose, when you were at 
Athens, you were often in the 
schools of the philosophers. 

Sulla was so far from taking 
any part, that he was all the while 
at Naples. 

There is a strong report at Pu- 
teoli that Ptolemy is (restored to 
his) kingdom. 

Tolumnius, king of the Veien- 
tes, killed four ambassadors of the 
Roman people at Fidense. 

Some of the Greeks affirm that 
painting was invented at Sicyon ; 
others, among the Corinthians. 

They say that Lysander was 
wont to remark, that the most 
honorable abode of old age was 
at Lacedaemon, 

At Megara, there long stood in 
the forum a wild olive-tree, to 
which valiant men had affixed 
their arms, which the bark, in 
process of time, growing round, 
had hidden. 



Sum saepe, credo, cijm 
Athena sum, in schola 
philosophus. 

Sulla ita quiesco, ut is 
tempus omnis Neapolis 
sum. 

Puteoli magnus sum 
rumor, Ptolemaeus sum 
in regnum. 

Tolumnius, rex Veien- 
tes, quatuor legatuspopu- 
;us Roman us Fidence in- 
terimo. 

Graecus, alius Sicyon, 
alius apud Corinthius re- 
perio affirmo pictura. 

Lysander dico aio so- 
leo, Lacedctmon sum ho- 
nestus domicilium senec- 
tus. 

Megara diu sto oleas- 
ter in forum, qui vir for- 
tis affigo arma, qui cor- 
tex am bio longus aetas 
occulto. 



5 254. 



ABLATIVE OF THF PLACE IN WHICH, 



()! 



The learning of the Atnenians 
themselves has long sinde perished 
at Athens, (and) yet any illiterate 
Athenian can easily surpass the 
most learned Asiatics in the 
sweetness of his pronunciation. 

R 1. Manlius spent his youth 
in the country. 

It accidentally happened that 
we were in the country. 

The father suffered him to be 
in the country. 

Give my compliments to Attica, 
who, I suppose, is in the country. 

He has always lived in the 
country. 

L. Manlius was accused, be- 
cause he had banished his son Ti- 
tus from mankind, and had order- 
ed him to live in the country. 

R. 2. A ship has been pre- 
j)ared for us both in Caieta and 
at Brundisium. 

R. 3. Memmius relates the 
crimes of Jugurtha at Rome and 
m Numidia. 

We have been acquainted with 
the crimes of Verres, not only in 
Sicily, but in Achaia, Asia, Cili- 
cia, Pamphylia, and, finally, at 
Rome. 



AthencB jamdiu doctri- 
na ipse Atheniensis inter- 
eo, tamen erudltus homo 
Asiaticus quivis Atheni- 
ensis indoctus suaviter 
loquor"" facile supero. 

Manlius rus juventa 
ago. 

Forte evenio. ut rwf 
sum. 

Pater hie rus sum pa- 
tior. 

Attica salus do, qui 
rus sum arbitror. 

Rus semper habito. 

L. Manlius criminor, 
quod Titus filius ab ho- 
mo relego*, et rus habito 
jubeo. 

Navis et in Caieta pa- 
ro ego et Brundisium". 

Memmius Roma Nu- 
mididque facinus Jugur- 
tha memoro. 

Verres flagitium non 
in Sicilia soliim, sed in 
Achaia, Asia, Cilicia, 
Pamphylia, Roma deni-, 
que nosco. 



§ 275, III. R. 4. 6 § ^<.( 6, 3. '^ § 221. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Timoleon destroyed*, from (its) foundations, the citadel 
which Dionysius had built* at Syracuse. Tarquin the Proud 
died at CumcB. The oracles at Delphi cease. Q-uinctius 
was a man of patrician family", who, because'^ he was lame 
from a wound, determined* to pass (his) life in the country. 



" disjicio. * munio. *^ gens. 

14* 



quum. 



constituo. 



162 



ABLATIVE OF THE I'LACE FROM WHICH. 



§255 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE FROM WHICH, &c. 



<^ 255. After verbs expressing or implying motion, 
the name of a town whence the motion proceeds is put 
in the ablative without a preposition. 



Demaratus, the father of king 
Tarquin, fled from Corinth to 
Tarquinii, and established his for- 
tunes there. 

CsBsar departs from Tarrago- 
na, and comes by land*^ to Nar- 
bonne, and thence to Marseilles, 

Dionysius sent for Plato from 
Athens. 

Epaminondas the Theban had 
a slanderer, one Menaclides, also 
from Thebes. 

I received your letters from 
Placentia, then others the next 
day, written from Blandeno. 

Caesar retired from Alexandria, 
happy, as he thought himself". 

He had gone from Rome, un- 
acquainted with military affairs. 

iEschines, (when) condemned, 
eft Athens, and went to Rhodes. 

The same day I left Capua, and 
staid at Cales. 

I received a packet of letters 
from Rome, without a letter from 
you. 

R. L I am undone ; for now 
I am exiled from home ; I fear 
xn] brother, lest he should be 



Demaratus, rex Tar- 
quinius pater, fugio Tar- 
quinii CorinthuSy et ibi 
suus fortuna constituo. 

Ca3sar Tarrdco disce- 
do, pesque* Narbo, at- 
que inde Massilia perve- 
nio. 

Dionysius Plato Athe- 
n(B arcesso. 

Epaminondas Theba- 
nus habeo obtrectator, 
Menaclides quidam, in- 
didem Thebce. 

Accipio tuus literae 
datus Placentia, deinde 
alter postridie datus 
Blandeno. 

Caesar Alexandria sui 
recipio felix, ut sui qui- 
dem videor. 

Roma proficiscor res<^ 
militaris rudis. 

^schines damno cedo 
AthencB, et sui Rhodus 
confero. 

Is dies Capua discedo, 
et maneo Cales**. 

Accipio Roma sine 
epistola tuus fasciculus 
literae. 

Pereo ; nam domus ex- 
ulo nunc ; raetuo frater*, 
ne intus sum; porro au- 



^256. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



163 



within; and moreover, (T fear) 
lest my father should have re- 
turned from the country. 

When Tully returns from the 
country, I will send him to thee. 

A way must be tried, by which 
1 may raise myself also from the 
ground. 

R. 2. Libo departed from Brun- 
disium. 

Bibulus had gone by ship from 
Ephesus to Syria, about the fif- 
teenth of August. 

R. 3. Corta fled from Sicily 
into Africa. 

Clodius came from Sardinia to 
Rome. 

Dolabella departs from Delus. 

The Indians never remove from 
their country. 

If Pompey quits Italy, what 
should you think I ought to do '? 



tern, pater ne rus redeo 
jam. 

Cum Tullius rus red' 
eo^, mitto is ad tu. 

Tentos^ via, qui ego 
quoque possum'^ toUo hu- 
mus. 

Libo discedo a Brun- 
disium. 

Bibulus circiter Idus 
Sextilis ab Ephesus in 
Syria navis* proficiscor. 

Cotta ex Sicilia in Af- 
rica profygio. 

Clodius ex Sardinia 
Roma venio. 

Dolabella Delus prof,' 
ciscor. 

Indi nunquam migro 
Jinis suus. 

Si Pompeius Italia ce- 
do^, quis ego ago puto-^ 1 



« lit. on foot, ^ pi. '^ lit, as he seemed to himself. '^ § 213. * § 229 
Remark 5, (a.) / § 145, VI. ^ § 274, R. 8, (a.) ^ § 260, H. * § 261, 
2. J § 260, II. R. 4. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 

§ 256. The comparative degree, when qudm is 
omitted, is followed by the ablative of that with which 
the comparison is made. 



Who was ever more knowing 
than this man? 

What is more shameful than 
rashness 

Those things which I have 
said are clearer than the sun 
itself 

What is more desirable than 
wisdom 1 



Quis hie homo sciens 
unquam sum ? 

Gluis sum temeritas 
turpis ? 

Is qui dico sol ipse 
clarus sum. 

duis sum optahilis sor 
pientia ? 



164 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



^256. 



Nothing is more commendable 
than mildness and clemency. 

A shameful flight from death is 
worse than any death. 

What is more disgraceful than 
inconstancy, levity, and fickle- 
ness ? 

Nothing is more delightful than 
true glory. 

(My) country is much dearer 
to me than my life. 

What can we call more wretch- 
ed than folly? 

What is more pleasing than 
literary ease? 

Nothing is more inconstant 
than the common people, nothing 
more uncertain than the inclina- 
tion of mankind'". 

There is nothing more pleasing 
to man than the light of truth. 

What is better or more excel- 
lent than goodness and benefi- 
cence? 

Silver is less valuable than 
gold. 

Who can speak of the institu- 
tions of our forefathers better 
than thou, Scipio, since thou art 
thyself of most illustrious ances- 
tors? 

No man, with more elegance 
than Scipio, diversified the inter- 
vals of business with leisure. 

There is nothing more amiable 
than virtue; nothing which more 
attracts men to love. 

Tullus Hostilius (was) not only 
unlike the last king, but even 
more warlike than Romulus. 

R. 3. Certainly the ignorance 



Nihil sum laudabilis 
placabilitas atque de- 
mentia. 

Turpis fuga mors om- 
nis sum mors malus. 

Quis sum inconstantia, 
mobilltas, levltas turpis 7 

Nihil sum dulcis verus 
gloria. 

Patria ego vita meus 
multus sum cams. 

Miser stultitia quis pos- 
sum dico? 

Q,uis sum dulcis otium 
literatus? 

Nihil sum incertus vul- 
gus, nihil obscurus volurt" 
tas homo. 

Nihil sum homo Veritas 
lux dulcis. 

Quis sum bonus, aut 
quis prmstans bonitas et 
benejicentia ? 

Vilis sum argentum 
aurum. 

Quis tu potius, Scipio, 
de majores dico'' institu- 
tum, quum sum'' clarus 
ipse majores'' ? 

Nemo eleganter Scipio 
intervallum negotium oti- 
um dispungo. 

Nihil sum amabilis 
virtus ; nihil qui magis 
allicio homo ad dilTgo*. 

Tullus Hostilius non 
solum propior rex dis- 
simTlis, sed ferox etiam 
Romulus. 

Certe ignoratio futfirus 



^ -256. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



165 



of future evils is better than the 
knowledore. 

It is fit that our country should 
bf3 dearer to us than ourselves. 

R. 4. The Roman people saw 
nothing with more pleasure than 
the elephants with their towers. 

The multitude, when they have 
been seized with a groundless 
superstition^ are more obedient to 
their prophets than their generals. 

Xerxes was defeated by the 
counsel of Themistocles, more 
than by the arms of Greece. 

The hypocrisy of those who do 
many (things) that they may seem 
beneficent, is more allied to false- 
hood than to liberality. 

R. 6, (a.) I am more than 
thirty years old. 

The camp extended more than 
eight miles in breadth. 

The soldiers fought very brave- 
ly more than four hours. 

R. 9. Many feel their own 
wrongs more deeply than they 
ought. 

The consuls had turned the 
thoughts of the citizens more 
than usual to themselves. 

Caesar is said to be about to 
come sooner than was expected. 

Old age is naturally rather 
loquacious. 

Most of the exploits of Dat- 
ames are too little known. 

The corn, in Gaul, on account 
of the drouD-ht, had been unu- 
sually scanty. 

R. 10. The Po is inferior to 
no river in clearness. 



malum utilis sum qudm 
scientia. 

Decet cams sum-'' pa- 
tria ego qudm egometipse. 

Nihil libenter populus 
Romanus adspicio, qudm 
elephantus cum turris 
suus. 

Multitudo, ubi vanus 
religio capio, bene vates' 
qudm dux suus pareo. 

Vinco Xerxes Themis- 
tocles magis consilium 
qudm arma Graecia. 

Simulatio is qui ut be- 
neficus videor multus fa- 
cio, vanitas sum conjunc- 
tus qudm liheralitas. 

Plus triginta annus 
nascor. 

Castra amplius mille 
passus octo in latitudo'^ 
pateo. 

Miles amplius liora 
quatuor fortiter pugno. 

Multus injuria suu? 
graviter cequus habeo. 

Consul plus solitur 
converto in sui civTtas 
animus. 

Caesar opinio celerite? 
venio dico. 

Senectus sum natura 
loquax. 

Ohscurus sum Data- 
mes gestum plerusque. 

Frumentum in Gallia 
propter siccTtas" anguste 
provenio. 

Padus sum nullus am- 
nis* claritas inferus. 



166 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



§ *o6 



Wisdom accounts nil human 
(things) inferior to virtue. 

R. 11. The Suevi labor to ob- 
tain corn and other productions, 
more patiently than would be ex- 
pected from the customary inac- 
tivity of the Germans. 

R. 12, The besieged engaged 
in battle more fiercely than stead- 
ily. 

The design of Maraces was 
not more sagacious in its plan, 
than fortunate in its issue. 

R. 13. The news of the igno- 
minious peace was more distress- 
ing than (that) of danger. 

Galba commanded a much 
hiorher cross than the rest to be 
erected. 

• R. 14. The event shows, that 
we hafe aimed at quiet from the 
beginning, and have sought noth- 
ing else than the common liberty. 

R. 15. (His) opinion was un- 
derstood (as) more severe than 
he had intended. 

R. 16. The towers on the 
walls of Babylon are higher by 
ten feet than the walls. 

Augustus bore the deaths of 
his family a good deal more pa- 
tiently than their disgrace. 

It is a custom of the Sicilians 
sometimes to make the month 
longer by a single day, or by two 
days. 

How much more widely the 
rule of duty extends than that of 
law! 



Sapientia humanus om- 
nis inferus virtus^ duco. 

Suevi frumentum cete- 
rusque fructus patienter, 
qudm pro solitus Germa- 
nus inertia laboro. 

Obsessus acriter qudm 
constanter praeiium ineo. 

Consilium Maraces 
non ratio prudens qudm 
eventus felix sum. 

Tristis ignominiosus 
pax magis, quam pericii- 
lum, nuntius sum. 

Galba multus prester 
ceterus alius statuo crux 
jubeo. 

Ego ab initium specto 
otium, nee quisquarn 
alius libertas communis 
qusBro, exTtus declaro. 

Sententia graviter, at- 
que ipse sentio, excipio. 

Turris in murus Baby- 
lon deni pes quam murus 
altus sum. 

Aliquantus patienter 
mors quam dedecus suus 
fero Augustus. 

Sum consuetudo Sicu- 
lus, ut nonnunquam unus 
dies longus mensis facio, 
aut biduum. 

Quantus late officium 
pateo quam jus regiila! 



* pi 6 § 260, R. 5. « § 263, 5. «* § 211, R. 6. * § 275, III. R 3 
§ 269, R. 2. ^ § 223, R. 2. '^ ace. * § 212. J abl. 



J 257 ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 16" 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Long" labor would be* superfluous in (our) studies, if it 
were impossible" to find out any thing*^ better than what 
has gone before^ Since we are seeking-^ justice, a thing 
much^ more precious^ than any' gold, we certainly^ ought 
to shrink* from no irksomeness of labor ^ The battle was 
more fierce"'' in assault" and courage", than regular^ in 
arrangement'. Marseilles'", more faithfuV than prudent^, 
delayed" for a time**" the haste of Caesar. I am not afraid", 
O judgies, that", inflamed by my own enmities'^, I should 
seem to utter^ these (things) with more loillingness' than 
truth'^"'. The road by which all travelled''* was as long 
again"", but it abounded with every thing'^''. I affirm** this 
to you, that you are-^-^ in no^^ greater danger^'' than any 
one" of us^^. The sun is many times^' larger than the 
earth. The more difficult a thing""" is, the more hon- 
orable"". 

* comp. * fore, § 261, 1. " it is possible, licet. ^ nihil. * lohat has 
gone before, praeteritus. / § 262, 5. ^ R. 16. * carus. * omnis. 
J profecto. * fugio. ' irksomeness of labor, molestia. "* acer. " im- 
petus. " animus, pi. ^ composltus, R. 12. ' ullus ordo. *" Massilia, 

* faithful, fide bonus. ' consilio prudens, R. 12. " moror. " timeo. 
"* § 262, R. 7. ^ lit. by the hatred of my own enmities. ^ evomo. 

* with willingness, libenter. "" with truth, vere. ^* commeo, § 145, 
II. 1. "" as long again, alter tantus longus, R. 16, (2.) ^^ lit. was 
abounding, <^c. § 213. ** confirmo. // § 272. ^^ nihilum, R. 16. 
** discnmen. *' qui vis. ^^ § 212. ** aliquam diu. ^' multis parti - 
bus. '""' quis, § 137, 1, R. (1.) "" prseclare. 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 

§ 257. A noun and a participle are put in the 
ablative called absolute^ to denote the time^ cause^ 
means, or concomitant of an action, or the condition ou 
which it depends. 

When pleasure rules, all the Magnus virtus jaceo 

greatest virtues must lie pros- omnis necesse sum, vo- 

irate. luptas dominans. 

Pomoey on the capture of Pompeius, captus Hie' 



fo8 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 



5 257 



Jerusalem, touched nothing that 
belonged to the temple. 

In the three hundred and sec- 
ond vear after Rome was built, 
the form of government was 
changed again, the supreme pow- 
er being transferred from the 
consuls to decemvirs. 

A very great earthquake took 
place in the reign of Tiberius 
Caesar, twelve cities of Asia hav- 
ing been leveled in one night. 

When the tribunitian power 
had been granted by the senators 
to the people, arms dropped (from 
their hands,) and faction was ex- 
tinguished. 

Galba, having fought several 
successful battles, and taken ma- 
ny of their fortifications, when 
ambassadors had been sent to 
him from all quarters, and hos- 
tages had been given, having 
brought about a peace, deter- 
mined to station two cohorts 
among the Nantuates. 

When the Germans heard a 
shout behind (them,) throwing 
away their arms, and abandoning 
their standards, they rushed forth 
from (their) camp. 

A jar began to be formed ; why, 
as the wheel revolves, does a 
pitcher come forth ? 

The Athenians, having been ap- 
prized of these events, (and) fear- 
ing, lest, if the Lacedaemonians 
were again victorious, they should 
be reduced to their former condi- 
tion of servitude, assembled an 
army. 



rosolyma, ex ille fanum 
nihil attingo. 

Annus trecentesTmus 
alter quam" condo Roma, 
iterum muto forma civi- 
tas, ab consul ad de- 
cemvir transldtus impe- 
rium. 

Macrnus terra existo 
motus Tiberius Caesai 
principatus, duodeciro 
urbs Asia unus nox pros- 
trdtus. 

Concessus plebs a pa- 
ter tribunitius potestas, 
arma cado, et seditio 
restinguo. 

Galba, secundus dXi- 
quotpr(El{u?nfcictus^, cas- 
(eUumque complures is 
expugndtus^ ^ missus ad is 
undique legdtus, obses- 
que datus, et pax fac- 
tus^ , constituo cohors 
duo in Nantuates collo- 
co. 

Germanus, post ter- 
gum clamor auditus^, ar- 
ma abjectus, signumque 
militaris relictus, sui ex 
castra ejicio. 

Amphora coepi insti- 
tuo ; currcns rota, cui 
urceus exeo 1 

Q,ui res cogmtus, Athe 
niensis verens, ne, ite 
rum LacedfEmonius vic- 
tor", in pristinus sors 
servTtus redigo, exerci- 
tus contraho 



^ $^'3'. ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 169 

The Arcadians, having armed Armdtus instructuscue 

and equipped an army, (and) hav- exercUus Areas, adhihi- 

uig called to their assistance the tus in auxilium Thebd- 

Thebans, seek by war to recover nus, amissus belium rep- 

(their) lost (possessions.) eto. 

*" § ^53, R. 1, Note 3, last clause, b R. 5^ (^a,.') " R. 7, (a.) 



English to he turned into Latin. 

They** say that JEschines, at the request of the Rhodians, 
read his own oration, and then (that) of Demosthenes, each 
with the loudest* applause". A yoke is made of three 
spears'^, two being Jixed in the ground, and one tied" across-'' 
above (them.) Democritus, when his eyesight^ tvas lost, 
could not distincruish black'' from' white'' : but he could, 
good'' from evil, justice-' from injustice, honorable from base 
(things.) Eclipses are not visible*' every where, sometimes 
on account of the clouds', more frequently"* on account of 
the interposition of the sphere of the earth". The old Ro- 
mans all wished that kingly power should be exercised", as 
the char nf of liberty had not yet been experienced^. When 
a vesseV has been put in rapid motion^ , after' the rowers 
have stopped", the vessel itself still retains its movement and 
progress", though the force" and impulse' of the oars has 
been suspended^. This not only cannot be praised, but 
not even allowed^, that we should not defend even (those 
who are) most completely strangers''" (to us,) though our 
own friends accuse (them.) Caelius writes that C. Flamini- 
us fell at'''' Trasymenus, to" the severe'''^ injury** of the 
republic, by neglecting the rites of religion-^^. Scipio, by 
the overthroio of two cities, destroyed not only actuaF^, but 
future wars. 



* § 209, R. 2, (2.) * summus. * clamor. '^ § 247. * deligatus. 
/ transversus. ^ lumen, pi. '>■ § 205, R. 7, (2.) * et. J sequus. 
'^ to be visible, cernoT. ' nubllum. "* saepe. ^ on account of the in- 
terposition, <^c., globo terrcB obstante. " to exercise kingly fower, 
regno. ^ dulcedo. ' expertus. ^ navigium. * to put in rapid 
motion, concTto. ' quum. " inhibeo. " cursus. ^ impetus. * pul- 
sus, y intermissus. " concedo. °'°' most completely strangers^ 
alitnissTmi. '^ apud. '^'^ cum. "^'^ magnus. ** vulnus. f^ lite^ 
vf religion, religio ^^ praesens. 
15 



170 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 



§257 



WITH A NEGATIVE WORD, IN THE SENSE OF WITHOUT OR 

UJSTLESS. 



Darius entered Scythia without 
the enemy's giving him an op- 
portunity to fight. 

The eye distinguishes white 
from black without any one's 
suggestion. 

What is so like madness, as 
the empty sound even of the 
best and most elegant words, 
without any meaning at the bot- 
tom? 

In this war no calamity has 
happened without my predict- 
ing it. 



Darius Scythia ingre- 
dior, non faciens hostis 
pugna potestas. 

A niger albus, etiam 
nullus monens, ociilus 
distinguo. 

Quis sum tam furio- 
sus, quam verbum vel 
bonus atque ornatus son- 
Ttus inanis, nullus sub- 
jectus sententia? 

Hie in bellum nihil 
adversus* accido, non 
prcBdicens ego. 



§ 212, R. 3, N. 3. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The Athenians, without waiting for reinforcements^ ^ 
march out'' to battle"* against six hundred thousand men. 
Who is there that would venture* to calK himself a philoso- 
pher, without giving^ any moral precepts^ ? Nature gave 
the use of life, as* of money, without fixing^ any term^ 
Nothing can happen' unless some cause precedes. 

* expectatus. * sing. '^ egredior. '^ praelium. * audeo, § 260, 
R. 5. f dico. ^ tradendus. * a moral -precept, praiceptum officii. 
* tanquam. ^ praestitutus. * dies. ' evenio. 



R. 5. Others find fault with 
what Octavianus said and did, as 
S, having lost his fleets by a tem- 
pest, he had exclaimed, that he 
would gain the victory even 
against the will of Neptune. 

The father of Tiberius re- 
mained alone in the party of L. 
Antonius, and escaped first to 
Praeneste, and thence to Naples, 



Alius dictum factum- 
que Octavianus criminor, 
quasi classis tempestas 
perditus, exclarao", etiam 
invltus Neptunus* victo- 
ria sui adipiscor. 

Tiberius pater solus L. 
Antonius in pars'" perma- 
neo, ac primo Praeneste, 
deinde Neapolis'' evado. 



§257. 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 



171 



and having in vain offered eman- 
cipation to the slaves, he fled into 
Sicily. 

Seneca relates that Tiberius, 
having suddenly called for his 
attendants, and no one answer- 
ing, rose, and, his strength fail- 
ing him, he fell not far from the 
bed 



servusque frustra ad pi 
leus vocdtuSj in Sicilia 
profugio. 

Seneca scribo Tiberi- 
us, subito vocdtus minis- 
ter, ac nemo respondens, 
consurgo, nee procul a 
lectiilus deficiens vis* 
concido 



§ 263, 2. 6 R. 7, (a.) « pi. d § 79^ 1. 



JEnglish to be turned into Latin. 

About* twenty-seven senators followed Vibius Virius 
home*, and feasted with him ; and having abstracted' (their) 
minds as much as they could*^ by (means of) wine, from the 
sense of the impending* evil, they all took-^ poison. Phy- 
sicians, having found the cause of a disease, think ^ that the 
cure is found''. Darius, having heard^ the news of the ill 
health of Alexander, marched^ with the greatest rapidity* 
to the Euphrates. Theopompus the Lacedaemonian, hav- 
ing changed^ garments'^ with his wife, escaped from cus- 
tody as a woman. 



" ferme. 
minens. 
' celeritas. 



^ § 237, R. 4. ' alienatus. ^ ni^ were able to do. * im- 
" ^ puto. ^^ perf. * accipio. -^ contendo 



/sumo. J, 

' permutatus 



R. 7. When nature and virtue 
are our guides, no error can pos- 
sibly be committed. 

Under the command of Pausa- 
nias, Mardonius was driven from 
Greece. 

A spacious house often be- 
comes a disgrace to its owner, if 
it be without visitors, and espe- 
cially if it used once to be fre- 
quented, when it had another 
owner. 

An oath is a religious affirma- 



Natura et virtus dux 
erro* nullus modus pos- 
sum**. 

Pausanias dux Mar- 
donius Graecia fuao. 

Amplus domus dede- 
cus dominus'' saepe fio, si 
hospes careo, et maxime 
si aliquando, alius domX- 
nus, soleo frequento. 

Sum jusjurPuJuiii re- 



172 ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. §257. 

tion ; what you have promised, ligiosus affirmatio ; qui 
therefore, with the attestation of igitur, Deua testis, pro- 
God, must be observed. mitto, is teneo''. 

Wisdom is the ordy thing which Sapientia sum unus 

banishes sorrow from (our) minds, qui mcEstitia pello' ex an- 

suffers us not to shudder with Tmus, qui ego exhorresco 

fear; and under the instruction metus non fiino\ qui prcr- 

of which we can live in tranquil- ceptrix, in tranquillitas 

lily. vivo" possum^ 

Auguistus was born in the con- Nascor Augustus, M. 

sulship of M. T. Cicero and Tullius Cicero et Anto- 

Antonius, on the twenty-third nius consul nonus calen- 

of September, a little before sun- dae-^ October^ paulo ante 

rise. sol exortus. 

" pass. i> § 209, R. 3, (6.) '^ § 227. '^ § 274, R. 8, (a.) ' § 264, 
10. / § 326, 2, (3.) ^ adj. § 326, 2, (5,) (b.) 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Thales the Milesian (was the) first" (who) predicted an 
eclipse of the sun, which took place* in the reign of Halyat- 
tes, in the one hundred and seventieth year of the building*^ 
of the city. A peroration, which is called epilogus, of C. 
Galba is extant, which, when we were boys, was so much 
esteemed*^, that we even got it by heart^ Know -^ that no 
one dined^ in the consulship of Caninius, that no'' crime' 
was committed* in his consulship. Brutus created for his 
own colleague-' Valerius, by whose aid'' he had expelled' the 
kings. My father Hamilcar went into Spain (as) com- 
nander'" when T was a little boy, not more" than nine years 
^Id**. Augustus travelled^ frequently into the eastern and 
western provinces, accompanied'' by Livia. Lentulus, a 
consular man, and pretor for the second time'", Cethegus, 
and other men of illustrious* name, were put to death' in 
prison by the nutJtority of the senate. Isocrates arose" wlicn 
Gorgias, Protagoras, and the others whom I have just" men- 
tioned, ivere already old men. 

" primus omnium. ^ fio. '' § 274, R. 5, (a.) <^ lit. was in so greai 
honor. ' to get by heart, edisco. f § 162,4. ^ §272. ^- nihil. 
' malum, § 212. ^ lit. colleague for himself. * adjutor. ^ ejicio. 
•" inr^erator. " not more, utp6te non amplius. " natus. ^ meo- 



5 258 CONNECTION OF TENSES. 173 

' comes. ^ for the second time, iterum. * clarus. ' to put to death, 
neco. ** existo. " paulo ante. 

The effects" of thunder (are) wonderful ; money'' is melt- 
ed% while the purse'^ is entire; the sword is liquefied, while 
the scabbard remains. Ships cannot enter* the harbor of 
Alexandria against the ivilV of those by whom the Pharos 
is occupied^. We know that the muscles'' are diseased 
when they move°^ against our will. The sons' of Tiberius 
Gracchus, grandsons of P. Scipio Africclnus, died^ in the 
lift time of [their) mother Cornelia'', daughter of Africanus. 
There is a difference between the case of a man' who is op- 
pressed by calamity, and of one"* who seeks better things, 
when his affairs are in no respect unprosperous^ . Octavius 
died suddenly", as he was leaving^ Macedonia', before he 
could declare'" himself a candidate for the consulship* ; 
leaving behind him (his) children, Octavia^ the elder, Octa- 
via the younger, (and) also Augustus. Mithri dates carried 
on war with the Romans forty-four years" loith various suc- 
cess". It is certain that an eclipse of the sun does not take 
place"" except at the very change'' of the moon, and^ of the 
moon only* when full. 

" opus. * arffentum. ' conflo. ^ loculus, pi. * Intro in. 

^ against the icill, invltus. ^ teneo. ^ nervus. * liberi. i lit. 
had an end (exitus) of life. * lit. {their) mother Cornelia being still 
(adhuc) alive. ' there is a difference., &/'C. ; lit. his case (causa) is dif- 
ferent (alius.) "* is. " when his affnirs, 8fC. ; lit. no affairs of his 
(suus) being adverse. " died suddenly, mortem obiit repentinam. p as 
he was leaving, decedens. ' § 242. *" profiteor. * gen. ' lit. (his) 
children (liberi) Octavia, <^c. surviving (superstes.) ^ § 236, R. 5. 
* victoria. " to take place, fio. * at the very change, lit. (being) 
very new. '' autem. * non nisi. "* j9a55. §248, 1. Remark 1, (2.) 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 

§ 258, T In the connection of leading and dc- 
ptuident clauses, only tenses of the same class can, iri 
general, be united with each other. 

1, (1.) Such is the corrup- Tantus sum corruptela 

tion of bad habit, that the sparks mains consuetudo, ut ab 

of virtue are extinguished by it ; is tanquam ignicolus vir 
15* 



174 



CONNEPTION OF TENSES. 



§2, 



^> 



and vices spring up and are con- 
firmed. 

Sisygambis said, O king, you 
deserve that we should pray for 
those things for you, which we 
prayed for formerly for our Dari- 
us ; and, as I perceive, you are 
worthy of having surpassed so 
great a king, not in good fortune 
only, but in equity. 

There is not a province, I be- 
lieve, excepting only Africa and 
Sardinia, which Augustus did not 
visit. 

There are some who have re- 
lated that Marius fell engaging 
with Telesinus. 

(2.) In the epistles of Cicero 
to Atticus, every thing relating to 
the changes of the republic is so 
described that (there is) nothing 
(which) does not appear in them. 

Nature has lavished such great 
abundance of things, that those 
which are produced appear 
have been bestowed upon us in- 
tentionally, not to have originated 
accidentally. 

Silius has done well in having 
come to terms, for I wished not 
to disappoint him, and yet feared 
what I could do. 

I have attained this by my ex- 
ploits, that I am thought a safe 
debtor. 

Few have been found who have 
exposed their lives to the weapons 
of the enemy with no reward in 
view. 

(3.) I shall find many whom 1 
can easily persuade of whatever I 
wish, 

Tht^.y couIg not destroy all 



tus extinguo ; exoriorqae 
et confirmo vitium. 

Sisygambis, rex, in- 
quam, mereor ut is precd? 
tu, qui Darius noster 
quondam precor ; et, ut 
video, dignus sum qui 
tantus rex non felicitas 
solum, sed etiam equitas 
super o'^. 

Non sum provincia, ut 
opTnor, exceptus* duntax- 
at Africa et Sardinia, 
qui" Augustus non adeo^. 

Sum. qui Marius con- 
currens cum Telesinus 
occumbo prodo". 

In Cicero ad Atticus 
epistola sic omnis de mu- 
tatio respublica perscri- 
bo-'', ut^ nihil in is non 
appareo. 

Tantus res ubertas na- 
tura largior, ut^ is qui 
gigno dono^ consulto 
ego, non fortuito nascor'*. 
videor. 

Bene facio Silius qm 
transigo^, neque enim is-' 
desum volo, et quis pos- 
sum* timeo. 

Ego res mens gestus 
hie assequor, ut bonus 
nomen existimo. 

Paucus reperior qui 
nullusprsemium' proposi- 
tus vita suus hostis telum 
objicio". 

Reperio multus qui"" 
quisquis" volo° facilepfer- 
suadco^ . 

Testis omnis, si cupio", 



5 258. 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



175 



witnesses, (even) if they wished ; 
for as long as the human race 
shall exist, there will not be want- 
ing sDme one to accuse them. 

I think that Caesar will take 
care to withdraw his troops ; for 
he will gain a victory, if he is 
made consul. 

If the conversation of Curio 
shall produce any thing of such a 
kind that it requires to be written 
to you, I will subjoin it to my let- 
ter. 

As long as Pompey was in Ita- 
ly, I ceased not to hope ; now, 
even if I must make the trial with 
danger, I will try, at any rate, to 
escape hence. 

2, (1.) Other dissensions were 
of such a kind that they tended 
not to the destruction but to the 
change of the state. 

I did not suppose that, when a 
consul elect was defended by the 
son of a Roman knight, his ac- 
cusers would speak of the new- 
ness of his family. 

This affair made it very diffi- 
cult for Caesar"^ to determine 
what plan to adopt, lest, if he led 
his troops rather 6U^y from their 
winter quarters, he should be in 
straits for provisions. 

(2.) Some fathers of families 
provided by their will, that vic- 
tims should be led to the Capitol, 
and vows discharged for them by 
their heirs, because they had left 
Augustus alive. 

The state was so arranged by 
the skill of Servius Tullius, that 
all the distinct! ^ns of patrimony. 



interficio non possum'; 
nam dum homo genag 
sum, qui acciiso^ is, non 
desvm. 

Ego puto CaBsary««o'" 
ut praesidium deduco ; 
vinco" enira si consul fa- 
cio*. 

Si quis Curio sermo 
ejusmodi affero^ qui ad 
tu scribo\ is literae meus 
adjungo. 

Q,uoad Pompeius in 
Italia sum, spero non de- 
sisto; nunc, si vel peric- 
iilum experior", experior 
certe, ut hinc avolo. 

Alius dissensio sum" 
ejusmodi, qui non ad de- 
leo"" sed ad commuto" 
respublica pertineo" . 

Non arbztror"^ quum 
consul designatus ab e- 
ques Romanus filius de~ 
fendo'', de genus novitas 
accusator dico^. 

Magnus hie res diffi- 
cultas ad consilium ca- 
pio** Caesar affero, ne, si 
mature"", ex hiberna co» 
pia ediico, ab res frumen- 
tarius lahoro. 

Nonnullus pater-famil- 
ias*^ testamentum caveo, 
ut ab hasres suns victtma 
in Capitolium duro, vo- 
tumque"'' pro sui solvo, 
quod superstes Augustus 
relinquo'^'^. 

Servius Tullius soller- 
tia ita ordino respublica, 
ut omnis patrimonium, 



176 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



<i258 



dignity, age, trades, and offices. 



were registered. 



Augustus brought up his daugh- 
ter and granddaughters in such 
a way, that he even accustomed 
(them) to spinning, and forbade 
(them) to say or do any thing but 
what might be inserted in the dai- 
ly register. 

(3.) I had heard from himself 
how generously he had been 
treated by you. 

Neither by letter, nor by decree 
of the senate, had the consuls 
commanded me what I should do. 

There was a strong west wind, 
and the soldiers (of Alexander) 
had cut down a great deal of 
wood, that they might make a 
passage through the rocks : it had 
been dried by the heat, and fire 
being set (to it,) the wind carried 
the flame against the faces of the 
enemy, 

R. 4. Socrates was accustomed 
to say, that all (men) were suf- 
ficiently eloquent in that which 
they understood. 

Tiberius replied to the ambas- 
sadors of Ilium, who were some- 
what late in their condolence, 
that he also grieved for their mis- 
fortune, because they had lost 
(their) illustrious citizen, Hector. 

They say that Pyrrhus, the 
greatest master of the gymnastic 
games, used to enjoin upon those 
whom he was training, that they 
should not be angry. 

In the mean time, I shall de- 
light myself with the muses; and 
it will never occur to me to envy 



dignitas, aitas, ars, offici- 
umque discrimen in tabu- 
la refero. 

Filia et neptis ita in- 
stituo Augustus, M^etiam 
lanificium assuefacio, ve- 
^"que loquor aut ago quis- 
quam, nisi qui in diurnus 
commentarius refero**. 

Ego ex ipse midio^ 
quam a tu liberaliter 
tracto''. 

Consul neque senatus 
consultum neque literae 
prcBcipio ego quis facio^ . 

Vehemens Favonius 
sum, et multus materia 
ccedo miles'"', ut adltus 
per saxum fact : hie va- 
por inaresco, ignisque in- 
jectus flamma in os hos- 
tis ventus fero*. 



Socrates dico soleOy om- 
nis in is, qui scio^^ satis 
sum eloquens. 

Iliensis legatus, paulo 
ser6°^ consolans, respon- 
d(o Tiberius, sui quoque 
vicis''* is doleo, quod 
egregius civis Hector 
amitto^^. 

Pyrrhus, magnus prae- 
ceptor certamen gymni- 
cus, soleo aio hie, qui ex- 
erceo, prcBcipiOy ne iras- 
cor. 

Interea cum musa ego'^ 
delecto ; nee ego*^* un- 
quam venio in mens Cras« 



§258. 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



177 



Crassus, or to regret that I have 
not departed from my own course 

f] .mm 
conduct 

I see you are collecting every 
thing respecting the republic, 
which you think can give me any 
hope of a change of affairs. 

I wrote back immediately to 
Pompey, that I was not seeking 
where I might be most safely. 

Parmenio reached Damascus 
on the fourth day, the prefect 
already fearing that no trust had 
been reposed in him. 

When I doubt what it is right 
for me to do, my affection for 
Pompey has great weight (with 
me.) 



sus invideo, neque paeni 
teo quod a ego ipse non 
descisco^^. 

De respublTca video tu 
omnis colligo, qui pi/to"'' 
alTquis spes ego possum 
affero muto"" res. 

Pompeius statim rescri' 
bo, non ego qucerOy ubi 
tute sum. 

Parmenio Damascus 
quartus dies perveniOj 
jam metuens praefectus ne 
sui fides non habeo. 

Dubttans ego^^ quis 
ego facio par sum'''', 
magnus pondus a^ero 
benevolentia erga Pom- 
peius. 



« § 264, 9. & § 205, R. 2, Exc. <= § 233. ^ § 264, 7. * § 264, 6. 
f perf. ^ § 262, R. 1. '^ § 270, Remark 3. » § 264, 8. ^' § 226, R. 
2. * § 26o. ' pi. § 257. "* § 223. R. 2. " § 229. " § 260, It. R. 4, 
P pers-uadeam, § 264, 1, (b.) ' § 261, 1. "■ with sub;., § 273, 1./ 'J.) 
' § 145, VI. ' § 274, 8. " § 209, R. 3, (3.) " imp. '" § 275 11. 
' ^ 263, 5, R. 2. y ^ 272. ' lit. brought great difficulty to C<.<.sar, 
'^" ^^ 256, Remark 9, (a.) med. ^^ \ 43, 2. cc sing. dd ^ 266, 3 
'" § 266, 1. // § 266, 2. ^^ § 256, Remark 9, (a.) med. hf> ace, 
"■ § 266, 3. JJ pi. " § 225, IV. Remark 2. '' § 273, 5. """ lit, 
from myself. "" § 264, 1, (6.) "^ § 275, 11. ■P^ § 224. '^ § 265. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

They believed'^ that he who was eminent^ in wisdom" had 
been a scholar*^ of Pythagoras. I do not even now* discuss^ 
lohat ivoukF be easiest''. There are many (thinors) probable 
bi/ which the life of a wise man is regulated^ You will per- 
ceive by^ the same books, both what^ I did' and what^ I said. 
Rabirius was"- among'" those whom he would have been"" most 
mad", if he had opposed^ , most base if he had deserted''. 
Solon, when he was asked"^ , why he had ordained^ no punish- 
ment for' him ivho killed'' his parent, replied, that he had 
thought" that no one would do it. This ought rather ta 



f78 INDICATIVE MOOD <5' ^59 

have been prescribed'' , that we should take'' such^ care^ in 
forming"" friendships, that we should at no time** begin'" to 
love one^, whom we could ever"^ hate. Caesar entertained'' 
confident hopes**, that, when his demands -^-^ should be 
known, it would come to pass^^ , that Ariovistus ivould de- 
sist^^ from his obstinacy'*. Ariovistus despatched^^ a part 
of his forces to assault^'' the smaller camp. When Caesar 
had sent messengers to the Sigambri to demand^^ that they 
should surrender to him those who had made war upon"""" him 
and upon Gaul, they replied, that the Rhine terminated"" the 
empire of the Roman people. 



" per/. to be eminent, excello. '^ ^ 250. <^ auditor. ® § 279 
3, {d.j ad mit. / disputo. ^ § 145, R. 2, Note 4. * expeditus. 
' re,f^o. J ex. ''pi. ^ gcro. "* cum. " § 261, 1. " amens. ^ op- 
pugno, § 261, I. ' relinquo. '' imp. * constituo. * in. " neco, 
§ 2(i(), R, 4 " puto. "" •^raecipio, § 274, R. 8, (a.) ^adhibeo. " is. 
^ diligentia. "" comparo. ^^ at no time, ne quando. "" incipio. 
''^ aliquando. ** to entertain confident hopes, magnam in spem venio. 
■f-^ postulatum, § 257 ^^ that it would come to pass, fore. ^^ § 268, 
R. 4, (6.) ^' pertinacia. ■'■^ mitto. ** oppugno, § 264, 5. " § 264, 5. 
^^ to make ^nar upon, inftro bellum. "" finio. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 

§ 259. The indicative is used in every proposi 
tion in which the thing asserted is represented as a 
reality. 

The liberty of the Roman peo- Libertas ago populug 

pie is at stake. Romanus. 

The inclinations of the citizens Diversus voluntas civip 

have been different. sum. 

Fear made you good. Tu bonus timor facio 

Our reasoning agrees ; our Ian- Ratio noster consentio 

guage differs. oratio pugno. 

The remembrance of slavery Jucundus facio hber 

will make liberty more pleasant. tas servitus recordatio. 

A dispute about a word disturbs Verbum controversia 

en torgueo homo. 



'^ 259. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 



179 



Time itself brings me comfort. 

Did you dare to speak against 
me before the conscript fathers ? 

How difficult it is not to betray 
^uilt in the countenance! 
Riches do not make a king. 
He is a king who fears nothing. 

In requiting a favor, we 
ought, if we believe Hesiod, to 
imitate fertile fields, which give 
much more than they have re- 
ceived. 

If you aie poor, ^Emilianus, 
you will always continue poor: 
riches are now given to none but 
to the rich. 

Behold the rainbow draws wa- 
ter ; it will rain, I believe, to-day. 

How often the greatest talents 
are hidden in obscurity ! 

As not every field which is cul- 
tivated is fruitful ; so cultivated 
minds do not all bear fruit. 

Who does not very highly com- 
mend Codrus, the preserver of 
Athens? 

R. 1, (1.) Pompey said, ''Do 
you guard and defend the camp ; 
I will visit the other gates and 
encourage the garrison." 

(2.) After the termination of 
the wir, Caesar learned these 
ficts from those who were pres- 
ent at the conversation. 

As soon as Philip had saluted 
me, he immediately set off for 
Rome. 

After CiEsar had arrived there, 
he demanded hostages. 



iEtas ipse ego affero 
solatium. 

Tu apud pater con- 
scriptus contra ego dico 
audeo ? 

Q,uam difficilis sum cri- 
men non prodo vultus ! 

Rex non facio ops. 

Rex sum, qui metuo 
nihil. 

In refero" gratia, si 
modo Hesiodus credo, 
debeo imitor ager fertilis 
qui plus multus affero 
quam accipin. 

Semper sum pauper, si 
pauper sum, ^Emilianus • 
do ops nullus nunc, nis 
dives. 

Ecce hibo arcus ; pluo 
credo, hodie. 

Ut sgepe superus inge- 
nium in occultus* lateo! 

Ut aaer non omnis fru- 
gifer sum qui colo ; sic 
animus non omnis cultus 
fructus fero. 

Q,uis Athenae conser- 
vator, Codrus, non max- 
ime laudo ? 

Pompeius, *' Tueor," 
inquam, " castra et de- 
fendo : ego relTquus porta 
circumeo et praesidium 
confirmo,^^ 

Bellum confectus, ab 
is Caesar hie factum cog- 
nosce, qui sermo inter- 
sum. 

Philippus, ut ego sa- 
luto, statim Roma profi 
ciscor. 

E6 fK>stquam Caesai 
pervenio, obses poscQ. 



lyo 



fNDICATIVE MOOD. 



§259 



When ihe Helvetii were in- 
formed of his approach, they send 
ambassadors to him. 

(3.) CsBsar was informed, that 
all the BeJgjie, who, we have said, 
constitute a third part of Gaul, 
ivere conspiring against the Ro- 
man people. 

(4.) Should any thing new oc- 
cur, take cafe that I may be in- 
formed. 

Salute Pilia and Attica. 

(5.) Do not commend me here- 
after to your (friend) Caesar. 

Do not envy your brother. 

R. 2. I will satisfy you if I 
Pan. 

R. 3. Volumnia ought to have 
been more attentive to you, and 
even that which she did, she 
might have done more carefully. 

You ought long since to have 
been led to execution, by the 
command of the consul, (and) 
that destruction, which you have 
been long devising against all 
of us, should have been turned 
against yourself. 

The army might have been 
destroyed, if any one had dared 
to conquer. 

If men apply reason to fraud 
and malice, it would have been 
better that it had not been giv- 
en, than given, to the human 
race. 

What condition would it not 
have been desirable to accept, 
rather than abandon our coun- 
try? 

When it would have become 
them to stand in the line of bat- 
tle and fight, then they took ref- 



Ubi de is advent us Hel- 
vetius certus" facio, le- 
gatus ad is mitto'^. 

Caesar certus facio, oin- 
nis Belgae, qui tertius sum 
Gallia pars dico, contra 
populus Romanus con- 
jOro. 

Si quis accido novus% 
facio^ J ut scio. 

Pilia Atticaque salufo^ 

Ego posthac ne com- 
mend(/ Caesar tuus. 

Ne invideo^ frater tuus. 

Ego, si possum,, facio 
tu satis. 

Volumnia dcbeo in tu 
officiosus sum, et is ipse 
qui facio, possum dilTgens 
facio. 

Ad mors tu duco jus- 
sus consul, jampridem 
oporfeo^ in tu confero 
pestis iste, qui tu in 
ego omnis jamdiu machi- 
nor'^. 

Deleo possum exerci 
tus, si quis audeo vinco 

Si homo ratio in fraus 
malitiaque converto, non 
do ille quam do humanus 
genus bonus sum. 

dui conditio non ar- 
cipio\ potiias quam re- 
linquo' patria ? 

duum in acies sto ac 
pugno decet, tum in cas- 
tra '•pfugio ; quum pro 



\ 260. 



SUBJUNCriVK MOOD. 



181 



iige in the camp ; when it. was vallum 
their duty to fight before the trado. 
r impart, they surrendered (their) 
•'amp. 

Plato thinks that philosophers 
should take no part in political 
affairs, except by compulsion : it 
would, however, be more reason- 
able that it should be done spon- 
taneously. 

* § 275, II. b neut. ' comp. ^ § 145, 1,3. * § 212, R. 3, N. 3. 
f sing. ^ imp. * § 145, 1. 2. * § 274, R. 8, (a.) 



pugm , castra 



Plato philosophus ad 
respublica ne accedo 
quidem debeo puto, nisi 
coactus : cBquus autem 
sum^ is voluntas fio. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



<§> 260. The subjunctive mood is used to express 
an action or state simply as conceived by the mind. 



I. For he supposed that in this 
vay he should most easily retain, 
rsubject to his power, those speak- 
ing the Greek language, who lived 
in Asia, if he intrusted the de- 
fence of the towns" to his friends. 

In this battle the Athenians 
were so much more distinoruished 
for valor, that they routed ten 
times (their) number of enemies; 
and so frightened (them,) that the 
Persians directed their course not 
to their camp, but to their ships. 

It seems not out of place to 
mention what reward was ofiven 
to Miltiades for this victory. 

II. R. 1. The Pythia directed 
that they should take Miltiades 
as their commander ; that if 
they should do this, their enter- 
prises would prove successful. 

Miltiades returns to Lemnos, 

m 



Sic enim puto facile 
sui Graecus lingua'* lo- 
quens, qui Asia incolo^ , 
sub suus retineo* potes- 
tas, si amicus suus oppi- 
dum tueor trado''. 

In qui*" prselium tantus 
plus virtus^ valeo Atheni- 
ensis, ut decemplex nu- 
merus hostis projligo^ ; 
adeoque perterreo, ut 
Persa non castra, sed 
navis peto^. 

Q,ui victoria'' non ali- 
enus videor, qualis prae- 
mium Miltiades tribuo, 
doceo. 

Pythia praecipio, u-t 
Miltiades sui' imperator 
sum.o^ ; is si facio'', in- 
ceptum prosperus sum'. 

Miltiades Lemnus re- 



182 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



§261. 



and demands that they should 
surrender up the city to him, 
according to their 2ngagement. 

There was a great dispute 
among the generals, whether 
they should defend themselves 
by their walls, or should meet 
the enemy, and engage in battle. 

R. 2. You would have sup- 
posed that Sylla had come into 
Italy, not as the avenger of war, 
but as the promoter of peace ; 
with so much tranquillity did he 
lead his army through Apulia and 
Calabria. 

Could you have thought, that 
it could ever happen, that I should 
be at a loss for words? 

Alexander uttered frequent 
groans, just as if the death of his 
own mother had been announced ; 
you would have believed that he 
was weeping amidst his own con- 
nections, and not administering, 
but seeking consolation. 

R. 3 Grant, indeed, that those 
are good things which are so 
esteemed, — honors, riches, pleas- 
ures, and the rest, — yet even in 
the enjoyment of these, immode- 
rate joy is unseemly. 

Grant that there is a difference 
between the dignity of the highest 
men and the lowest ; there is not 
one degree of crime in killing 
illustrious men, and another, the 
obscure. 

R. 4. I could relate on suffi- 
cient evidence, that Augustus 
was surnamed Thursinus. 

Brother, with your good leave 
1 would say (it,) this sentiment is 
very prejudicial to the public, when 



vertor, et ex pactum pos- 
tiilo, ut sui urbs tradoT 

Inter praetor magnus 
sura contentio utrum 
moenia sui defendo^ , an 
obviam eo^ hostis, acies- 
que contendoK 

Puto'' Sylla venio in 
Italia, non bellum vindex 
sed pax auctor ; tantus 
cum quies exercTtus per 
Calabria Apuliaque du- 
co. 

Putone unquam accTdo 
possum ut ego verbum" 
desum? 

Alexander, baud secus 
quam ac si parens suus 
mors nuntio, creber edo 
gemitus ; credo is inter 
suus necessitudo fleo, et 
solatium non adhibeo sed 
quaero. 

Sum, sane, iste bonum 
qui puto, — honor, divi- 
tisB, voluptas, ceterus^, — 
tamen in is ipse potior'^ 
gestiens leetitia turpis 
sum. 

Inter sum inter vita dig- 
nitas superus atque infe- 
rus ; non alius facinus'' 
clarus homo, alius obscQ- 
rus neco'. 

Thursinus cognomino 
Augustus, satis certus 
probatio'" tradoK 

Frater, bonus tuus ve- 
nia dico, iste sententia 
maxTme obsum respaDlT- 



§260. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



18o 



d is alleged that something is 
true and right, but it is denied 
that it can be carried, that is, 
that the people can be resisted. 

You can scarcely find a man 
of any nation, age, or rank, whose 
felicity you can compare to the 
fortunes of Metellus. 

I would not deny that my lan- 
guage seemed to you harsh and 
atrocious ; but how much more 
atrocious do you think that your 
deeds are, than my words? 

I should not reckon him sec- 
ond or third in a chariot-race, 
who has scarcely quitted the bar- 
riers, when the first has already 
received the palm. 

The third mode of mining 
would outdo the work of the 
giants ; galleries being carried 
through a great space, the moun- 
tains are excavated by torch- 
light. 

I wish you to be persuaded 
that you can do nothing more ac- 
ceptable to me, than to assist 
Lamia in his candidateship with 
all your resources. 

It escaped me to write to you 
before about Dionysius ; if it 
shall be necessary to send for 
him, (which I do not wish,) you 
will take care that we do not give 
him trouble against his will. 

Assuredly I should not a little 
prefer the mind of Socrates to 
the fortunes of all those who sat 
in judgment upon him. 

R. 5. Who would deny that 
all fickle men, all men of strong 
desires, in short, all wicked men, 
are slaves ? 



ca, quum aliquis verus et 
rectus sum dico", sed ob- 
tineo, is sum, resistc 
possum" popiilus"", nego. 

Vix uUus gens, setas, 
ordo homo invenio\ qui 
felicitas fortuna Metel- 
lus comparo"^. 

Non nego'' tristis a- 
troxque tu^ video oratio 
meus ; quantus^ credo 
factum vester atrox sum 
quam verbum meus 1 

Non in quadriga* is 
secundus numero\ aut 
tertius, qui vix e career 
exeo'^, quum palma jam 
primus accipio". 

Tertius ratio efFodio"* 
metallum opus^ gig^s 
vinco ; cuniculus per 
magnus spatium actus, 
cavo mons ad lucerne 
lumen. 

Volo tu" persuadeo^*, 
nihil tu ego gratus facio 
possum, quam si omnis 
tuus ops Lamia in peti- 
tio juvo". 

De Dionysius fugio 
ego ad tu antea scribo ; 
tu tamen video si arces- 
so'^'^, (qui nolo,) ne mo- 
lestus sum invltus**. 

Nae ego baud paulus" 
Socrates animus malo, 
quam is omnis fortuna 
qui de is judico. 

Q,uis nego omnis levis, 
omnis cupTdus, omnis 
dentque improbus sum 
servus ? 



184 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



200 



If we ourselves, who are pre- 
:iliided from all gratification by 
our business, are nevertheless at- 
tracted by the games, why should 
you wonder at the uneducated 
multitude? 

Who would not, with reason, 
ivonder that the plane-tree should 
have been brought from another 
hemisphere only for the sake of 
its shade ? 

What can seem great to him 
in human affairs, to whom all 
eternity and the magnitude of 
the whole universe is known ? 

One furious gladiator carries 
on war against his country ; are 
we to yield to him ; are we to 
listen to his conditions ? 

R. 6. So live with an inferior, 
as you would wish a superior to 
live with you. 

Let every one become ac- 
quainted with his own disposi- 
tion, and show himself a severe 
judge both of his own good qual- 
ities and faults. 

Do not allow it to happen, that 
when all (advantages) have been 
supplied to you by me, you should 
seem to have been wanting to 
yourself 

If I have defended my own 
safety against your brother's most 
cruel attack upon me, be satis- 
fied that I do not complain to 
you too of his injustice. 

Were I to deny that I am af- 
fected with regret for Scipio, 
philosophers must see to it, with 



Si ego met ipse, qui ah 
delectatio omnis negoti- 
um impedio, ludus ta- 
men delecto, qui tu ad- 
miror de multitudo in- 
doctus ? 

Q-uis non jus-^-'' miror 
platanus, umbra gratia 
tantum, ex alienus pe- 
to^^ orbis ? 

Q,uis video is magnus 
in res humanus qui aeter- 
nitas omnis totusque 
mundus notussum"^ masr- 
nitudo? 

Unus furiosus gladia- 
tor contra patria gero 
bellum ; hie cedo ; hie 
conditio audio 1 

Sic cum iiiferus vivo^ 
quemadmodum tucum 
superus volo'"' vivo. 

Suus quisque" nosc6 
ingenium, acerque sui et 
bonum et vitium suus 
judex prcBbeo. 

Ne committo, ut, quum 
omnis tu suppedito^-' a 
ego'', tute tu desum vi- 
deo. 

Si meus salus contra 
frater tuus impetus in 
ego crudelis defendo^*", 
satis habeo nihil ego eti- 
am tucum de is injuria 
conqueror. 

Ego si Scipio deside- 
rium ego moveo nego, 
quam is recte facio videc 



^ '2G'). 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



185 



o/hiit propriety I should do so ; 
f)ut I should certainly speak 
f'lisely. 

Let the Stoics look to it, 
whether it be an evil to be in 
pain. 

You will say, " Write nothing 
at all." How shall I better es- 
cape those who wish to misrep- 
resent 1 

R 7. O war, greatly to be 
dreaded, since Catiline is to have 
this pretorian cohort ! 

I will cause that no good man 
shall perish. 

Finally, I will so conduct my- 
self in the state as to remember 
always what I have done, and to 
provide that they shall appear to 
have been accomplished by virtue, 
and not by accident. 

Metellus Pius was asked what 
he intended to do the next day. 

The chiefs of the ^dui said, 
they did not doubt, if the Romans 
should conquer the Helvetii, that, 
in common with the rest of 
Gaul, they would deprive the 
yEdui of liberty. 



sapiens 
tior. 



sed certe men- 



Sumne malum doleo 
necne, Stoicus videoK 

" Nihil," inquam,'*om 
nino scribo\'' Qui ma- 
gis effugio is qui volo 
fingo ? 

O bellum magnoper6 
pertimescendus, cum hie 
sum^^ habiturus Catilina 
cohors praetorius. 

Perficio ut ne quis bo- 
nus intereo'^K 

Denique ita ego in 
respublTca tracto, ut me- 
mini semper qui gero, 
cwroque'', ut is virtus, 
non casus, gero videor. 

Metellus Pius interro- 
go quis posterus dies fac 
turus sum". 

Princeps iEdui, non 
dubito sui, dico, quin, si 
Helvetii supero*"" Roma- 
nus, una cum relTquus 
Gallia vEduus libertas 
sum'^ eripio. 



^ § 247. ^ § 272. ^^ lit. the towns to be defended, § 274, E,. 7, (a.) 
A § 266, R. 4. * § 206, (17.) / § 247. ^ § 260, 1. ^ genit. * § 211, 
R. 5, (1.) i R. 1, (2.) * R. 1, (4.) ' § 266, 2, & R. 4. "* R. 1, 
(1.) " imp. ° lit. that words should he wanting, §c. ^ pi. ' § 27-5, 
II. & § 162, 20. '" § 247. * lit. illustrious men are not killed, &:c. 'per/. 
" ind. " § 239, Remark 4, & § 209, R. 3, (6.) "" § 223, R. 2. * § 2G6; 
1. y § 256, R. 16. ' lit. among the chariots. «« § 275, II. ^^ § 262, 
K. 4. "' § 145, VI. dd ^ 274, R. 8, (a.) " § 222, 3. // § 249, H 



^^§273,5. h^^^.5. *»§279, 14. ^J § 263, 5. ** §261,2. 



""" perf. 6 183, 3 N. 3. 
16* 



pres 



I8r 



TROTASIS AND A.PODOSIS. 



^201 



PROTASIS AND APODOSIS. 



<5> 261. In a sentence containing a condition and a 
conclusion, the former is called the protasis, the latter 
the apodosis. 



1. They report that Alexan- 
der said, " If I were not Alexander, 
I would willingly be Diogenes." 

There are innumerable things 
of the same kind which I could 
not endure, if I had not my 
friend Atticus as a partner of 
my pursuits. 

These things seem ridiculous 
to you, because yoii are not 
present, which if you were to 
see, you could not help weeping. 

If any one were to dig round 
these plane-trees and water them, 
their branches would not be knot- 
ty, and their trunks unsightly. 

If the gods were to make phi- 
losophy a vulgar good, if we were 
born wise, wisdom would lose 
what is the best part of it ; it 
would be among accidental things. 

2. The war carried on before 
Modena followed ; in which, were 
I to call Atticus only prudent, I 
should say less than I ought. 

Even in causes in which we 
have only lo do with the judges, 
and not with the people, yet, if 
I were deserted by the audi- 
ence, I should not be able to 
speak. 

I neither could imitate the ora- 
tions which Thucvdides has intro- 



Alexander dico fero, 
" Nisi Alexander sum, 
sum libenter Diogenfvs." 

Sum innumerabilis ^e- 
nus idem, qui quic.em 
non fero, nisi habeo so- 
cius studium meus Atti- 
cus noster 

Hie tu ridiculus video, 
quia non adsum, qui si 
video, lacryma non te- 
neo. 

Si quis hie platanus 
circumfodio, si irrigo, 
non nodosus sum ramus 
et squalidus truncus. 

Si deus philosophia 
bonum vulgaris facio, si 
prudens nascor, sapien- 
tia, qui in sui bonus 
habeo per do" ; inter for- 
tuitus sum. 

Sequor helium gestus 
apud Mutina ; in qui si 
tantum Atticus prudens 
dico, minus quam debeo 
pr(Bd)ico. 

Ego vero, in is etiam 
causa in qui oranis ego 
res cum judex sum', non 
cum popiilus, tamen si a 
corona relinquo", noD 
queo^ dico. 

Oratio qui historia" 
suus interpono Thucyd 



5 261 



PROTASIS AND APODOSIS. 



187 



duced /nto his history, if I would, 
nor perhaps would, if I could. 

If wisdom were given me with 
this limitation, that I should keep 
it shut up, and not give it utter- 
ance, I would reject it. 

R. 1. If a good reputation is 
better than riches, and money is 
so eagerly desired, how much 
more ought glory to be desired ! 

There is the greatest accuracy 
of information in the senses, if 
they are sound, and all things are 
removed which hinder and ob- 
struct. 

If thou art a god, said the 
Scythian ambassadors to Alex- 
ander, thou oughtest to bestow 
benefits on mortals, not to take 
away theirs. 

If a pilot is extolled with dis- 
tinguished praise, who saves a 
ship from a storm and a sea full 
of rocks, why should not his pru- 
dence be thought peculiar who 
Uas attained safety from amidst 
public commotions? 

If you love me, if you know 
ihat you are loved by me, exert 
/ourself through your friends, cli- 
ents, guests, (and) in short, your 
'reedmen and slaves, that no leaf 
may be lost of the books which 
Sergius Claudius left. 

Arms are of little value abroad, 
unless there is prudent manage- 
ment at home. 



ides, imitor neque ^Oi- 
5Mm, si volo, nee volo for- 
tasse, si possum. 

Si cum hie exceptio 
do ego sapientia, ut ille 
inclusus teneo nee enun- 
cio, rejicio. 

Si bonus existimatio 
divitifE prcEsto, et pecunia 
tantopere expeto, quan- 
tus-'' gloria magis expeto^! 

Magnus sum'' in sensus 
Veritas, si sanus sum, et 
omnis removeo qui obsto 
et impedio. 

Si deus sum, legatus 
Scythicus Alexander di- 
co, tribuo mortalis bene- 
ficium debeo, non suus' 
eripio. 

Si gubernator praecipu- 
us la.usj'ero, qui navis ex 
hiems mareque scopulo- 
sus servo, cur non singu- 
laris is existimo^ pruden- 
tia, qui ex procella civllis 
ad incolumitas pervenio? 

Si ego amo, si tu a ego 
amo scio, enitor^ per ami- 
cus, cliens, hospes, liber- 
tus denique ac servus 
tuus, ut scida nequis de- 
pereo ex is liber, qui 
Sergius Claudius relin- 
quo. 

Parvus sum foris arma, 
nisi sum consilium do- 
mus. 



** plu-p. " lit. in which the whole matter is to us, ^c. " perf. ^ pres. 
' § 224. / § 256, R. 16. ^ ind. § 274,11. 8, (a.) '^ ind. * § 208. (G".; 
f svbj k § 259, R. 1, (4.^ 



88 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT, NE, &C. ^ 2(l2 



English to be turned into Ijntin 

The Roman prodigi3s, Horatius, Mucius, and Claslia, if 
they were^ not* in the annals, would seem, at this day fnbjes. 
Socrates said to his slave, *' / would heat'' thee, were I not 
angry. ^^ If anger were a good (thing,) it would be found in''- 
every man (who was) most perfect^ ; but the most passionite 
(persons) are infants, old men, and the sick. If ill health" 
had carried off Cn. Pompey at Naples^, he would have died-'' 
undoubted chief of the Roman people. Your plan^ would 
be"' agreeable'' to my wishes*, if it were in my power ^ to 
spend* all (my) time at your housed Even though Caesar 
were not the man he is"*, yet he would seem to deserve to be 
spoken of with compliment". 

* fore. * if not, nisi. '^ cogdo. ^ to be found in, sequor. * Hi. 
every 7nost perfect (man,) § 279, 14. / excedo. ^ consilium. ^ op- 
tatus. ' Lit. to me. •' to be in one's power, liceo. * consumo. ' lit. 
with you. "* lit. that (man) that he is. " to speak of with compliriiCnt^ 
orno, § 274, R. 8, (a.) ° ill health, valetudo. ^ Neapolis. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT, JVE, &c. 

<§> 262. A clause denoting the purpose, object, or 
result of a preceding proposition, takes the subjunctive 
after ut, ne, quo, quin, and quotmnus. 



UT. 

This is a common vice in great Sum hie communis vi- 
and free states, that envy is an at- tium in magnus liberque 
tendant on glory, and (that) they civitas, ut invidia gloria 
willingly detract from those whom comes sum, et libenter de 
they perceive to be too eminent. hie detrdho, qui emineo" 

video alte. 

It is a custom of mankind, that Mos sum homo, ut nolo 

they are unwilling that the same idem multus res excello. 
person should excel in many 
things. 

Ariovistus replied that it was Ariovistus respondeo 



J) 262. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. 189 

the right of war, that those who jus sum helium, ut, qui 

hid conquered, should govern vinco", is, qui vinco"^ 

those whom they had conquered, quemadmodum volo'', im- 

as they pleased. pero. 

Joined with the evils of cities In vitium maritimus 

j)n the sea-coast, is also this great urbs iusum ille magnus 

convenience, that they can carry commoditas, ut is qui 

what their lands produce into ager effero*^ sui quicun- 

whatever countries they please. que volo'' in terra porto 

possmn. 

Ii. punishing injuries the law In vindlcoMnjuria haec 
Ins aimed at these three things, tres lex sequor-^, ut aut is 
eitlier that it may reform him qui punio emendo, aut 
Vvhoni it punishes, or that by his pcena is ceterus bonus 
punishment it may render others rrddo, aut sublatus ma- 
better, or that by the removal of lum^ securus ceterus vi- 
bad men, the others may live vo. 
more secure. 

R. 1. Hannibal so united his Hannibal vinciilum 

troops by a sort of bond, that quidam ita copia copulo, 

no mutiny (ever) existed either ut nullus nee inter ipse 

among themselves or against their nee adversus dux seditio 

general. exsto. 

Oratory moves the minds of Oratio mens judex per- 

judges, and impels them, so that moveo, impelloque ut aut 

they either hate, or love, or envy, odi, aut amo, aut invidcn, 

or wish (the culprit) safe, or pity, aut salvus volo, aut mi- 

or wish to punish. sereor aut punio volo. 

The harangues of Thucydides Thucydides concio ita 

contain so many obscure and in- multus habeo obsciirus 

volved sentences, that they can abditusque sententia, vix 

scarcely be understood ; which in ut intclligo ; qui sum in 

civil eloquence is a very great oratio civTlis vitium vel 

fault. magnus. 

Atticus so accepted the office Multus consul praefec- 

of prefect to many consuls, that tura sic accipio Atticus, 

he followed no one to the prov- ut nemo in provincia se- 

•nee. quor. 

Caesar found at Brundisium Caesar Brundisium ^«w- 

(only) so many ships as scantily tus navis" reperio, ut an- 

sufficed for the transport of fifteen guste quindecim mille 

thousand legionaries (and) five legionarius miles quin- 

hundred hose genti eques transporto 

possum'^. 



f90 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT § '^^'^ 

" § 266, . 6 § 260, R. 4. ' § 212, R. 3. '^ lit. as could scarcelt 
transport, \c. * § 275, 11. / perf. ^ § 257. ^ § 265. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We are all servants of the laws, for this end"", that we 
may^ be free. The Romans took" Cincinnatus from the 
plough, that he might be dictator. While'' you are Pylades, 
will you say that you are Orestes, that you may die for* yout 
friend? The haughtiness of the last king had caused-^ lib- 
erty to be the more welcome^. Before old age I was at 
pains'' to live well, in old age, to die well. Every creature' 
loves^ itself, and is attentive* to preserve^ itself The 
physician has done"* his part", if he has made every effort" 
to effect a cure^ . I wish that^ you would answer me. For 
my part, I'^ could wish', that you would at last' return. 
Phaethon desired" to be carried" in his father's chariot. 
The senate ordered"" the decemvirs to inspect the Sibylline 
books. Caesar resolved"^ to send ambassadors to Ariovistus. 
Cassar directed^ Dolabella to write to me, to come into Italy 
as soon as possible. I earnestly "* exhort you, my Cicero, to 
read studiously not only my orations, but these books also 
concerning philosophy. Italy is (so) planted"" with trees 
that the whole appears (like) an orchard^'. 

" for this end, idcirco. * possum. " abduco. ^ ciim. * pro. f fa- 
cio. ' Isetus. Place the leading clause last. ^ to he at pains, euro. 
• animal. ^ diliffo. * to he attentive, id ago. ' conservo. *" per^go. 
" pi. ' to make every effort, omnia facio. ^ to effect a cure, euro. 
' uti. ^ for my part I, equidem. ' imp. * at last, aliquando. " op- 
to. " tollo. " impero. ' lit. it pleased Ccesar. ^ dico. ' magnop- 
ere. "** consitus. '* pomarium. 

R. 2. Who is he that professes Q,uis sum iste qui sui 
himself innocent, in regard to all profiteor" omnis lex* in- 
the laws? Granting this to be nocens? £/if hie ita swm, 
so, how confined an innocence it quam angustus inno- 
is to be good according to law! centia sum ad lex bonus 
How many things do filial duty, sum ! Quam multus pie- 
humanity, liberality, demand ; all tas, humanitas, liberali- 
of which are beyond (the range tas, exTgo ; qui omnis ex- 
of ) the public law. tra publTcus tabula sum 

Although I should pass over Ut superus*" omitto 



^262. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. 



191 



the preceding (considerations,) 
this, at least, I will not omit to 
mention, which has excited in 
me the greatest wonder. 

Granting that I had the other 
(requisites) in the highest degree, 
I have surely had scarcely suffi- 
cient time to become intimately 
acquainted with so great a sub- 
ject. 



hie certe, qui ego** mag- 
nus admiratio moveo, 
non taceo. 

Ut superus habeo^ cet- 
erus, tempus-^ quidem 
certe vix satis habeo, ut 
res tantus possum cog- 
nosco. 



• § 264, 7 6 § 249, II. ^ comp. ^ § 223. * § 260, R. 8. / § 212. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

There are some who think** that they have acquired*, I 
know not what wonderfuF (thing,) because they have 
learned'' that, when the time of death shall come'^, they will 
utterly* perish: suppose this-^ to he so, what has that thing 
either joyfuF or glorious? No reason'' occurs to me, why 
the opinion' of Pythagoras and Plato should not be* true ; 
and supposing that Plato alleged^ no reason, (see how much' 
I defer' to him" !) he would overpower" me even° by (his) 
authority. 

* § 264, 6. 6 adipiscor. ' § 266, 3. '^ § 266, R. 4. ' totus. 
/ § 206, (17.; ^ laetabilis. ^ no reason, nihil. ' § 265. ^ afiero. 
* how much, quid. ' tribuo, § 265. *" homo. " frango, § 263, 1, R. 
** ipse. ^ praeclarus ' sententia. 



R. 3. It happens, somehow or 
other, that, if any fault is com- 
mitted, we perceive it more readi- 
ly in others than in ourselves. 

It may happen that a man may 
think justly, and not be able to 
express tersely what he thinks. 

It happens to most men, that 
through the assistance of the art 
of writing, they relax their dili- 
gence in com itting to memorv- 



Fio^ nescio quomodo, 
ut magis in alius cerno 
quam in egomet ipse, si 
quis delinquo. 

Fio possum ut recte 
quis sentio, et is qui sen- 
tio*^ polite eloquor non 
possum. 

Plerique accido, ut prje- 
sidium literae diligentia in 
perdisco remittor 



192 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT, '^262 

It is the fortune of the wise Solus hie contingo sa- 

man alone to do nothing against piens, ut nihil facia in- 

his will. Vitus. 

It very often happens that utili- Persaepe evenio, ut utih 

ty is at variance with virtue. tas cum honestas certo. 

" §26(3, I. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It occurred"' in the memory of our fathers, that a father of 
a family, who had come' from Spain to Rome, and^ had left 
a wife in the province, married another at Rome, and did 
not send a notice of divorce" to the former (wife.) It hap- 
pens"" , in (the case of) poems and pictures, and many'* other 
(things,) that the unskilful are delighted, and praise those 
(things) which are' not deserving of praise^ It is best to 
sueak^ every day in the hearing of a number^ (of persons,) 
especially' (those) about whose opinions" we are'' most' anx- 
ious^ ; for it is seldom'' (the case) that any (man) stands m 
sufficient aicc' of himself As fortune does not answer in 
every point'" to (one who) undertakes" many (things,) the 
consequence is° , that he to whom some (things) have turned 
out'' contrary to his plans', becomes"^ impatient of men and 
things. 

" it occarrecL usu venit. * quura. '^ to send notice of a divorce^ 
nuntium remitto. ^ complures. * § 274, U. 8, (a.) f lit. that tve speak 
^ ^ 2o7, lit. man;/ hearing. * ^ 261, 1, (/>.) ' maxane. J solicT- 
tus. * rarus. ' to stand in awe, vereor ""' in ev/ry point, ubique. 
** lit. undertaking. ° the consequence is, sequitur. ^ to turn out, cv- 
do ' contrary to his plans, contra quam proposuerat. '' sum. 
•^266,1. '§264,1. ''sing. 

Since you are greatly esteemed" by me, and I am very 
dear to you, it remains for us to rival each other in acts of 
kindness'' ; in which" I shall conquer you or be conquered 
by you without displeasure^. (I,) who could" once-'^ assist"" 
ODScure or even guilty men, cannot now promise (my) aid to 
P. Nigidius, the most learned^ and most irreproachable'' of 
men': it remains^, therefore, that I console thee, and adduce'' 
reasons by which I may endeavor^ to divert' thee from thy 
troubles'". The last thing" is, that I cntnat and implore' 
you to be magnanimous"", and remember not' only what' you 



§ "y.&z. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. 



193 



hasre received from other great men, but also what you your- 
self ha\e produced* by (your) genius and study. It is the 
main thing', in an orator'', to seem to those before" whom he 
pleads such as he himself would wish"". 

" to be greatly esteemed, plurimi fio, § 214. * lit. that we should con- 
tend mutually (inter nos) i?i kind offoces (officiis.) " § 247 '^ without 
displeasure, aequo aniino. * imp. ^ antf-a. ^ lit. to one the most 
learned. * sanctus. * lit. of all. i reliquum est. * after o ^ ab- 
duco. "* molestia. " extremum illud. " obsecro. ^ anlnio at max- 
ivao sis, § 247. ' and — not, nee. *" is qui. * pario. ' main thing^ 
;aput. " gen. ' apud. *" ind. pr. ' opitulor. ^ § 266, 1. 



R. 4. There are letters extant 
or Cicero to his brother duintus, 
in fvhich he exhorts and admon- 
ishes him "^o imitate his neighbor 
Octavius. 

When the Locrians were going 
to transport the money from the 
temple, which was without the 
city walls, into the city, a voice 
was heard by night from the 
shrine (warning them) to refrain ; 
that the goddess would defend 
her own temple. 

You know what Cotta, what 
the priest thinks ; give me now 
to understand what you think. 

See that you be in good health, 
and love me in return, and up- 
hold my dignity, if I deserve it. 



Exto epistola M. Cice- 
ro ad Q,uintus frater, qui 
is hortor et moneo, imitor 
vicinus suus Octavius. ' 

Q,uum Locrensis, ex 
tempi um qui extra urbs 
sum pecunia in urbs 
transfero volo, noctu au- 
dior delubrum vox, absti- 
neo manus ; dea suus 
templum defendo". 

Habeo quis Cotta, quis 
pontifex sentio ; facio er- 
go nunc intelligo tu quis 
sentio\ 

Facio valeo, egoque 
mutue diligo, dignitas- 
que mens si mereor tu- 
tor. 



§ 273, 3, (h.) ^ § 265. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

I would rather"^ (that) a wise enemy should fear thee, than 

loolish citizens praise (thee.) Caesar gives (it) in charge'' to 

Labienus to visit" the Remi and other Belgae, and keep'^ them 

m allegiance*. You ought^ to love me myself, not mine', if 

17 



194 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER NE. 



§262 



we are to be true friends. Your own mind mght-^ to pro* 
nounce*" you rich, not the common talk', nor the amount of 
your possessions. Whatever comes into existence-^, of what- 
ever kind* it is, must needs^ have a cause in"' nature. 

* malo. * to give in charge, mando. '' adeo. <* contineo. * of 
ficium. / oportet. ^ § 205, R. 7, (2.) ^ dico. » common talk^ 
hominum serrao, i to come into existence, orior. * of whatever kind 
qualecunque. ' m,ust needs, necesse est. "* a. 



JV£. 

R. 5. Some have acquired (the 
power) of never laughing. 

Atticus, as long as he was at 
Athens, opposed the erection of 
any statue to him. 

By the Cincian law it is pro- 
vided that no one shall receive 
compensation or a gift for plead- 
ing a cause. 

I sent you a copy of the letter 
which I wrote to Brutus, that, if 
it should not please you, you 
might not send (it.) 

This is the opinion of the Ro- 
man people, that a pretext of re- 
ligion has been set up", not so 
much that they might hinder you, 
as that no one might wish to go 
to Alexandria. 

Hens and other birds, when 
they have hatched their young, 
so defend them, that they even 
cherish them with their wings, 
lest they be injured by cold. 

R. 6. Beware of doing (it.) 

Beware of pardoning (him.) 

Take care that I never hear 
that word from you. 



Q,uidam, ne unquam 
video, consequor. 

Atticus, quamdiu Athe- 
naB adsum, ne quis sui 
statua pono, resisto. 

Lex Cincius caveo, ne 
quis ob causa oro pe- 
cunia donumve accipio. 

Epistola, qui ad Bru- 
tus scribo, mitto ad tu 
exemplum, ut, si miniis 
placeo, ne mitto. 

Hie sum opinio popii- 
lus Romanus, induco no- 
men religio, non tam ut 
tu impedio, quam ut ne 
quis Alexandria volo eo. 

Gallina avisque reli- 
quus, pullusquum exclu- 
do\ ita is tueor, ut et 
penna foveo ne frigus Ice- 
do. 

Caveo, facio. 

Caveo, ignosco. 

Caveo, unquam istic 
verbum ex tu audio. 



lit, that the name of religion has been introduced. ^ § 263, 5 



I 



}262 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER NE. 



195 



English to be turned into Latin. 

If life (spent) in exile should seem to you more agreea- 
ble", you ought to consider'' lest it should" not be safer. Caj- 
sar had, by letter, directed'^ Trebonius not to suffer Marseilles 
to be carried* by force. The senate formerly decreed, that 
L. Opimius should see that the state -^ received^ no'' detri- 
ment'. Beware^ of doubting'' this', that"* I do" every" thing 
which I think^ to be for your interest' ; or even that you 
wish for, if I can'' in any way' do (it.) Beware of thinking' 
that, because I write" somewhat jocosely", I have laid aside"* 
anxiety* for the republic^. 

• cominodus. * considero, § 274, R. 8, 2d paragraph, & § 225, III. 
R. 1. "^ § 145, Rem. 2, Note 4. ^ mando. ' expugno. / res- 
publica, ^ capio. ^ that — no, ne quis. * § 212, R. 3. i caveo. 
* subj. ' ille. "" quin. " R. 10. " omnis. p existimo, § 2G6, 1. 
1 § 219, R. 1. ^ possum, § 261, 2. ' modus. ' existimo. " § 260 
3. " § 256, R. 9, (a.) middle. " abjicio. " cura. " gen. 



R. 7. It is to be feared that, in a 
short time, there will be a famine 
m the city. 

I was fearing, lest those things 
should happen, which have oc- 
curred. 

If Caesar means to give up 
the city to plunder, I fear that 
Dolabella himself may not be able 
to be of any effectual service to us. 

I add this also, which I am 
afraid I shall not justify (even) to 
yourself 

I fear lest we should be shut 
in, so that when you wish to leave 
(the city,) you may not be able. 

A bad man will never abstain 
from crime on this account, that 
he thinks it naturally base, but 
because he is afraid that it may 
get abroad. 

Whether Pompey means to 



Vereor", ne brevis tem- 
pus fames in urbs sum. 

Timeo, ne evenio is, 
qui accido^ 

Si Caesar diripio' urbs 
do**, vereor ut Dolabella 
ipse satis ego prosum 
possum* . 

Addo etiam ille, qui 
vereor tu ipse ut probo. 

Metuo ne intercliido, 
ut quum volo-'' exeo non 
licet. 

Vir improbus nun- 
quam a scelus ob is causa 
abstineo, quod is natura 
turpis judico^, sed quod 
metuo ne emdno. 

Utrum Pompeius con- 



196 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER NE. 



^262 



make a stand any where, or pass 
the sea, is not known ; if he re- 
mains, I fear he cannot have an 
efficient army. 

1 see the weakness of your 
health, and fear that you may not 
be able to meet your present for- 
tune. 

A law was passed in the Comi- 
tia Centuriata, that no magistrate 
should kill or beat a Roman citi- 
zen in violation of an appeal. 

This also was a noble (act) of 
Thrasybulus, that when he had 
the greatest power in the state, 
he proposed a law, that no one 
should be accused of things pre- 
viously done, nor be punished. 



sisto uspiam volo*, an 
mare transeo volo, nes- 
cio ; si maneo, vereor ne 
exercTtus satis firmus ha- 
beo non possum. 

Infirmitas valetudo tu- 
us video, et vereor ne 
praesens fortuna tuus suf- 
ficio non possum. 

Centuriatus Comitia 
lex fero, nequis magistra- 
t.us civis Romanus adver- 
sus provocatio neco, neve 
verbero. 

PrsBclarus hie* quo- 
que Thrasybulus-', quod 
quum multum in civTtas 
possum, lex fero nequis 
anteactus res* accuso 
neve multo. 



" § '209, R. 3, (3.) b § 266, R. 5. ^ § 274, R. 7, (a.) ^ § 374^ r. ^ 
' prea. § 2()0, R. 7, (1.) f pi. ^ § 266, 3. * § 265. * § 205, R. 7, 
(2.) > §211, R. 8, (5.) * §217. ^ lit. lest any statue should be 
erected. *" § 275, II. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Although the Greeks had made a drawn battle" at Arte- 
misium, still they dared not remain in the same place ; lest, 
if part of (their) adversaries' ships had doubled'' Euboea,they 
should be assailed'' by a twofold*^ danger. I am afraid^ that 
you may not be able to endure' all the labors which I see you 
undertake. As-^ the senate had not decreed^ the treaty, 
Hiempsal is afraid"^ that it may not stand good''. Fear^ had 
seized^ the Roman soldiers, that Scipio's wound might be 
mortal*. Alcibiades warned PhilScles, that there was danger 
that, by the want of discipline' (among his) soldiers"", an op- 
portunity should be given to Lysander of surprising" the ar- 
my. Gallus distrusted the small number" of the cohorts 
tvhich were at Placentia^, lest they could not endure'^ a pro 
onged*" siege and the assault* of the German army. 

* to make a drawn battle, pari prsplio discedo. * supero, 266, 



§262. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUO, NON QUO, ETC 197 

R 4. '^ premo. * anceps. * sustineo. f quia. ^ jubeo. * lit 
be sufficiently firm- * payor. J capio. * mortlfer. ' want of dis- 
cipliue, irnrnodestia. "* ^ew. " opprimo, § 275, II. " smai/ num ■ 
6er, paucltas. ^ § 221, 1. ' to not endure, palum tolero. '' longus 
cornp. ^ vis. ' timeo. " vereor. 

Among the Romans there was not only grief* for (their) 
ill success^, but fear also that the enemy might straightway* 
attack^ the camp. There is no* danger^ that he, who can 
paint a lion or a bull skilfully-^, should not he able to do the 
same (thing) with^ many other quadrupeds. I fear thai I 
may possibly'^ not appear to have consulted* other (men's) 
benefit^, but (my) own*' glory'. I perceived"* by your let- 
ters, that you fear that your former" (letters) have not been 
delivered" to me. I think it right to give (my) readers this 
precept^ , that they should not try'' foreign*" manners by* 
their own, nor think'' those things which are trifling" to 
themselves to have been (so) likewise" among others. 

" mcBstitia. ^ for ill success, ex xe mdiXQ gesik. *^ extemplo. ** ag- 
gredior. * non. f egregie. ^ in. ^ forte. * servio. i util- 
itas, J)!. § 223, R. 2 ^ proprius. ' laus. "* intelligo. " superus. 
" red do. ^ / think it right to give this precept, hoc prsecipiendum 
videtur. ' relBro. '"alienus. * ad. ' arbitror. " levis, camp. 
" par modus, § 113, E. 3. 

q,uht j\roj\r Q,ub, and jvom quod. 

R. 9. Trees are covered with Obduco libei aut cor- 

a rind or bark, in order that they tex arbos, qud sum a fri- 

may be the safer from the cold gus'' et a calor" tutus, 
and heat. 

The numerous attendance of Sustollo cekbritas vir 

men and women at funerals was ac mulier in funus, qud 

abolished, that lamentation might lamentatio minuo. 
be diminished. 

At this time the republic does Ego non sane hie qui- 
not interest me ; not as if there dem tempus moveo res- 
were any thing dearer to me than publica; non quo autswwt 
the republic, or should be ; but ego quisquam cams, aut 
even Hippocrates forbids to apply sum debeo; sed despera- 
medicine to those whose cure is tus etiam Hippocrates 
desperate. veto adhibeo medicina. 

Your plans seemed to the sen- Senatus magnus video 
17* 



198 ssl'lUUNCTlVL AFTER QUO, NON QUO, ETC. <^ 262 

ate greater than had been expect- consilium tuus qusim ex. 
ad ; not as if it had ever doubted pecto ; nun quo unquam 
of your good intention, but be- de tuus voluntas dubito, 
cause it was not sure how far sed quod quo progredior 
you meant to go. volo non satis exploratus 

habeo*. 

"pL ^§274,2, R. 4. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Roman soldiers, having fixed" their javelins' in the 
ground", that they might climb'^ the steep* (places) more 
lightly-^, ascend^ running''. I am thought (to be) too* pa- 
tient and tame^ , not because' I willingly* hear myself 
reviled', but because"* I do not willingly leave my cause, to 
break out into a passion", and alienate" the judges from me. 
The woman felF at the feet of Sulpicia, and said that she 
had spoken' (those things,) for the sake of terrifying' her 
lover, not because" she kneio any thing'" about the Baccha- 
nalia. I have no opportunity' of speaking to" you respect- 
ing my ancestors", not because"^ they were not such as"" ye 
see me (to be,) but because"'* they enjoyed not'' popular 
fame^ and the light of your honor. 

* § 257, R. 5, (a.) '' pilum. * ace. ^ evado. * arduus. / levis, 
§ 205, R. 15, (a. I ^ subeo. * cursus ; lit. by running, * nimium. 
f lentus. * hbenter. ' to hear myself reviled, male audio, "* quia. 
•* to break out into a passion, ut efFero iracundia. " abalieno. ^ pro- 
cido. ' loquor. *" quisquam. ' § 275, III. R. 1. * facultas. 
" apud. " majores. " qualis. * not to enjoy, careo. ^ popular 
/awe, laus popularis. * quo. <*<»qu6d. 



QU^ MfJVUS. 

R. 9. Death, which, on ac- Non deterreo sapiens 
count of uncertain events, daily mors, qui propter incer- 
impends over us, (and,) on ac- tus casus quotidie immi- 
count of the shortness of life, can neo, propter brevitas vita 
never be far off, does not deter a nunquam longe possum 
wise man from considering the absum, quominus corn- 
interests o the republic and his modum respublica suus* 
own. que consulo". 



§262. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUO MINUS, AND QUIN. 199 

The poet is closely allied to Sum finitlmus orator 

the orator, in this respect at least poeta, in hie quidem cer- 

almost the same, that he does not te prope idem, nullus 

circumscribe his authority within ut terminus^ circumscrlbo 

any limits, so as not to be allowed jus suus, quomlnus is li- 

to wander where he pleases. cet vagor quo volo. 

• § 258, 1, (1.) 



English to be turned into Latin. 

When we have" free* liberty*" of choice*^, and nothing hin- 
ders* us from being able to do-^ that which we like best^, all 
pain should be kept at a distance''. When the law* was 
brought forward^ for*' Cicero's return', no*" citizen thought 
that he had a sufficient" excuse" for not being present^ . The 
soldiers of Caesar were with difficulty' restrained*" from burst- 
inor* into the town^ and were much dissatisfied" at this 
thing", because it seemed to have been owing" to* Trebo- 
nius that they did not get possession^ of the town. It did 
not hinder^ Isocratesyro.vi being considered^ an excellent** 
orator, that''" he was prevented* from speaking in public by 
the feebleness"^ "^ of (his) voice. 

<" § '226. 6 solutus. " optio. '^ eligo, § 275, III. R. 1. * im- 
pedio. f to be able tj do, facere possum. ^ lit. which most pleases us, 
§ 2(56, 1. f' to keep at a distance, repello, § 274, R. 8, (a.) * § 257. R. I . 
/ fero. * de. ' lit. recalling Cicero, § 275, II. "^ nemo. 

" satis Justus. " excusatio ; lit. to no citizen did there 

seem to be a sufficient excuse. ^ adsum ; lit. that he should nut be pres- 
ent. ' aegre. ^ retineo. * from bursting into, quin irruraperent. 
* § 233. " to be much dissatisfied, graviter fero. " ace. *" to hnvf 
been owing, stetisse. ' per. ^ to get possession, potior. ' officio 
•• to be considered, habeor. '* summus. «= quod. ^'^ infirmitas 



QOTJV. 

R. 10. I deny that there was Nego ullus gemma aut 

any jewel or pearl, which Verres margarita sum, quin con- 

did not search for, examine, (and) quiro Verres, inspicio, 

carry off. aufero"" . 

Since I left the city, I have al- Ut ab urbs discedo, 

lowed no day to pass without nullus adhuc intermitic 

wri ing to you. dies quin ad tu scribe'' 



200 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUIN. 



§262 



Such is the confusion of all 
things, that every man regrets 
especially his own fortune ; and 
there is no one who does not 
wish rather to be any where than 
where he is. 

It cannot fail to be charac- 
teristic of the same man who ap- 
proves the bad to disapprove the 
good. 

Hortensius did not hesitate to 
defend P. Sulla. 

There is absolutely nothing 
wanting to my being completely 
miserable. 

There is scarcely a day that 
this Satrius does not resort to my 
house. 



Is sum perturbatio 
oinnis res, ut' suus quis- 
que fortuna maxime poe- 
nitet ; nemoque sum*^ 
quin ubivis quam ubi 
sum sum malo. 

Absum non possum*, 
qiiin idem homo-^ s?/m, 
qui improbus probo^, 
probus improbo. 

Hortensius non dubi- 
to'^, quin P. Sulla dtfendo. 

Prorsus nihil absum, 
quin sum miser*. 

Dies fere nullus sum, 
quin hie Satrius domus 
mens ventito. 



R. 3, (6.) 



* §258, I. 1, (2.) 
f §211,R. 8, (3.) 



' §262, R. 1. ^^§278. « §209 
^ § 266, 1. ^ mp. * swp. 



English to he turned into Latin, 

There is no doubt* that he who is called liberal and 
kind^, aims at" (the discharge of) duty, not at profit''. Oc- 
tavianus was very near* perishing by the uproar-^ and indig- 
nation of the soldiery^, because he was thought'^ to have put 
a common* soldier to deaths by torture^. Since the king- 
dom of Bithynia has become' the public property"* of the 
Roman people, is there any" reason" iohy the decemvirs 
should not propose to sclF all the lands, cities, harbors, in 
short', all Bithynia ? Caligula was near'' removing^ the 
busts' and writings of Virgil and T. Livy from all the libra- 
ries, one" of whom he cavilled at* as (possessed) of no 
genius'* and very little learning, the other as verbose and 
negligent in (his) history. 

* dubius. * benignus. " sequor. '^ fructus. * to be very near 
minimum absum quin. / concursus. ° soldiery, turba militaris. 
* credo. * gregarius. J to put to death, neco. *^ discruciatus ; lit 
tortured. ^ fio. "* public property, publicum. ^ numquis. " causa 
§ 212. ^ § 274, R. 6, (a.) ' denique. *" to be near, paulum absurr 
quin. * amoveo. ' imago. " § 207, R. 32. " to cavil at, carpt- 
*§211, R 6. 



§ 263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UTINARI, &C. 



201 



<J 263, 1. The subjunctive is used after particles oi 
vnshing, as utinam, uti, O ! and O ! si. 



1. O that you would but occu- 
py with me an humble farm and 
a lowly cottage ! 

O that Paris had been over- 
whelmed in the raging waters, 
when, with his fleet, he was di- 
recting his course to Lacedaemon ! 

that some portion of wonted 
valor would appear ! 

Would that all the gods and 
goddesses would destroy thee ! 

1 wish he could in some way, 
however false, repel this accu- 
sation. 

Would that those poems were 
extant, which Cato, in his Ori- 
gins, has recorded^ to have 
been commonly sung at feasts, 
many ages before his own time, 
by each of the guests, respecting 
the praises of illustrious men. 

The language of Varro gives 
me hope of Caesar, and I wish 
Varro himself would apply to the 
cause ; which he certainly will 
do, both of his own accord, and 
still more if you urge him. 



O tantiim libet^ ego- 
cum tu" sordidus rus**, 
atque humilis habito ca- 
sa'' ! 

O vtinam tunc, cum 
Lacedaemon'' classis peto, 
obruo^ insanus Paris 
aqua ! 

O, si solitus quisquam 
virtus'^ adsum^ ! 

Ut tu omnis deus dea- 
que perdo" ! 

Utinam possum aliquis 
ratio hie crimen defendo, 
quamvis falsus. 

Utinam exto^ ille car- 
men, qui multus saBcii- 
lum ante suus aetas in 
epulae cantTto a singulus 
conviva de clarus vir 
laus in Origlnes scriptusf 
relinquo Cato. 

Varro sermo facio ex- 
pectatio Caesar, atque 
utinam ipse Varro in- 
cumbo^ in causa ; qui 
profecto ciim suus spon- 
tis, tum^ tu instans facio 



» dat. 6 pi. " ace. in a, § 80, I. '^ § 212, R. 3. * § 162, 1 
<SL \ 323, 4, R. / lit. has left recorded. ^ § 278, R. 7. * § 263, 1, E. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Twish, O Romans", that you had such an abundance* of 
brave men, that this were a difficult question'^ to you, whom**,, 
before all others*, you should think •'^ deserving of being ap- 
Dointed to the managements of this war''. The virtue, the 



202 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUAMVTS. ^^ 2G3. 

humanity, of Piso, (his) affection* towards us all, is so great, 
that nothing can surpass-' (it;) I wish this*" may be a (source 
of) pleasure to him' ; I see, indeed, that it will'" (of) glory'. 
/ wish you may covet'' the retreat" of my^ villa, that to its 
numerous' and great '^ attractions* its greatest recommenda- 
tion' may be added" by your society". 

* Quiris. * copia. *^ deliberatio. ^ quisnam. * before all others^ 
potissimus. ^ puto. ^ deserving of being appointed to the manage- 
ment, praeficio, § 274, R. 8, (a.) * §224. ' amor. J supra possit. * ea 
res. ' § 227. *" fore. " concupisco. " secessus. ^ nosier. ' tot. 
*" tantus. * dos. ' cominendatio ** accedo. " contubernium. 



(^U^MVIS, HOWEVER, or HOWEVER MUCH. 

2. However much I love my Quamvis amo Cn. Pom- 
friend Cn. Pompey, as I both do peius noster, ut et facio et 
and am bound to do, yet I cannot debeo, tamen hie, quod 
praise this, that he did not assist talis vir non subvenio, 
such men. laudo non possum. 

There is no possibility of as- Non sum potestas ex 

sisting the state on a sudden, or tempus aut quum volo* 

when you wish, however much it opitiilor res publicus, 

may be pressed with dangers, un- quamvis is premo pericii- 

less you are in that station in lum, nisi is locus sum* ut 

which you are allowed *" to do so. tu is facio licet. 

" subj. 5. * § 261, 2. ' lit. it is permitted to you. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

However full your coffers may be, T shall not think* you 
rich while I see^ you unsatisfied*" ; for men estimate'' the 
amount' of riches from what-^ is sufficient for each (indi- 
vidual.) The question is^ about the acuteness of Epicurus, 
not (his) morals ; however much he may despise those pleas- 
ures which he just now* praised, I shall still remember 
what the chief good seems* to him to be. However arti- 
ficial the construction* may be, it ought still to appear 
natural'. 

* puto. * fut. " inanis. ^ metior. * modus. / from what, ex ec 
quantum. ^ the question is, agitur. * modn. * § 266, 3. S vinctu* 



llU.UlXbU.llJ. C#tO UU.C 

•^ oratio. ' solutus. 



^ 263. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER LICET, QUASI, &C. 



203 



LICET. 



Though truth should obtain no 
patron or defender, yet she is de- 
fended by herself. 

A dwarf is not great, though he 
stand on a mountain ; a colossus 
will retain its magnitude, even if 
it stand in a well. 

Although ambition be itself a 
vice, yet it is frequently the cause 
of virtues. 



Veritas, licet niJIua 
patronus aut defensor 
obtineo, taraen per sui 
ipse defendo. 

Non sum magnus pu- 
milio, licet in mons con- 
sisto" ; colossus magni- 
tudo suus servo, etiamsi 
in puteus sto*. 

Licet ipse vitium sum 
ambitio, frequenter tamen 
causa virtus sum. 



perf. * fat. perf. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

You cannot", although you excel ever so much*, advance* 
all your (connections) to the highest'' honors. Perhaps* 1 
may have acted -^ rashly, from the impulse of youth*^, in 
undertaking^ his cause; since*, however^, I have once un- 
dertaken it, though all (sorts of) terrors and dangers impend 
over me, I will give (him) my aid* and encounter' (them.) 

* § 260, R. 4, * quantamvis. '^ perduco. ^ amplissimus. * forsi 
tan. / facio. ^ lit. impelled by youth. * suscipio, § 275, II. * quo- 
niam. i quidem. * to give aid, succurro. ' subeo. 



QUJiSIj Tj1JVQ_Uj3M, AC SI, UT SI, VELUT SI, VELUTI AND CEV, 
WITH PRESENT AND PERFECT. 



The Stoics give (us) trifling 
arguments, why pain is not an 
evil ; as if the difficulty were 
about the word and not the thing. 

There are some who as care- 
fully confo'm to the party zeal 
and ambition of Sextus Na;vius, 



Concludo ratiuncula 
StoTcus, cur dolor non 
sum" malum ; quasi de 
verbum non de res la- 
horo^. 

Sum qui, quasi suus 
res aut honos ago, ita 
diligenter S. Naevius stu 



224i- SUBJUNCTIVE AFTKR st^IASI, &C. ^ 2<)t5 

as if their own affair or honor dium et cupidi as mos 

were at issue. gero. 

A chapter (of ihe law) follows, Sequor caput, qui non 

which does not merely permit, permittomodo, sed plane, 

hut absolutely compels and com- quasi is res tu salutaris 

Tiands, that t>,e decemvirs should futiirus sum, ita cogo 

?ell your *:ix^es, as if this were atque impero, ut decem- 

likely tc ^e beneficial to you. vir vester vectigal vendo^ 

Babies mentions the capture Fabius M. Atilius ca- 

' f M Atilius in Africa, as if pio*^ in Africa commem- 

' <i'>-6 miscarried at his first oro, tanquam M. Atili- 

t'^-'lmg in Africa. us primus accessus ad 

Africa offendo". 

As if indeed I did not know Ceu vero nescio adver- 

nat even a woman wrote against sus Theophrastus scribo 

rheophrastus. etiam femma. 

" § '266, 3. ^pass- ' 258, 1. 1. '■' § 274, E. o, (a.) 



English to he turned into Latin, 

Why" do I (say)* more*" of Gavius ; as if^ you had been 
hostile'' to Gavius, and not (rather) an enemy to the name* 
of citizens? Some-^ think, for this reason^, that God does 
not exist^, because he does not appear, nor is perceived ; 
just* as if we could see our own mind itself The Pythag- 
oreans abstained from the bean, as if, forsooth^, the mind 
were puffed up"^ with that food. Since I am entering^ on' 
this discussion, as if I had never'" heard, never thought, 
about the immortal gods, receive me (as) an ignorant" pupil, 
without bias to either side". You who ask^, why' I have 
spoken so largely'" of a thing^ which is plain', and about 
which all are agreed", do much the same thing" as if you 
were to ask me, why I look at"" you with two eyes, when I 
can attain"^ the same (purpose) with one? 



• quid, § 235, R. 11. § 229, R. 3, 2. " pi. ^ infestus. * § 222, 
R. 8, N. / § 207, R. 33. ^ idcirco. ^ sum. * proinde. i vero 
* aggredior. '■ ad. *" nihil unquatn. " rudis. " without bias to 
either side, integer. ^ lit. icho ask this. '^ quare. '" so largely, tam 
multa. * is. ' perspicuus. " a'l are agreed, inter omnes constet 
§ 266, 1. * much the same thing, similiter. '" contueor. * assfiqucy 
X quasi. ' inflo. 



5 263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFI'ER QUASI, &/C. 



205 



QUjISI, T^J\rQ,U^M, &c. WITH IMPERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 



Datames drove Thyiis bound 
before him, just as if he was con- 
ducting a captured wild beast. 

I would wish you to undertake 
his business, just as if it were an 
affair of mine. 

The Sequani stood in awe of 
the cruelty of Ariovistus (when) 
absent as much as if he were 
present. 

As great fear for the state took 
possession of the senators, as if 
the enemy were already at the 
gates. 

The orames were afterwards 
begun, as if this affair had had 
no relation to religion. 

After Perseus had made an end 
of speaking, the eyes of those who 
were present were turned upon 
Demetrius, as if he would imme- 
diately reply. 

Then indeed the senators 
alarmed, as if the enemy were 
bursting into the temple, started 
from their seats. 

Duillius, having conquered at 
Lipara, during his whole life, 
whenever he returned from sup- 
per, commanded torches to flame 
and pipes to sound before him, as 
if he were triumphing every day. 

The mock fight was no image 
of a battle, but they encountered 
as if they were fighting for the 
kingdom, and many wounds were 
given with the stakes; nor was 
any thing but steel wanting to the 
regular appearance of a battle. 



18 



Datames vinctus ante 
sui Thyus ago, ut si fera 
bestia captus duco. 

Is negotium sic volo 
suscipio", ut si sum res 
mens. 

Absens Ariovistus cru- 
delTtas, velut si coram 
adsum horreo Sequani. 

Tantus pater metus de 
summa res* capio, velut 
si jam ad porta hostis 
sum. 

Coepi inde ludus, velut 
is res nihil ad religioper- 
tineo. 

Posteaquam dico finis 
Perseus facio", conjicio 
is, qui adsum, oculus in 
Demetrius, velut confes- 
tim rcspondeo'^. 

Turn vero attonitus, 
ceu tempi um irrumjjo 
hostis, exsilio pater. 

Victor Duillius apud 
Lipara, per vita omnis, 
ubi a coena redeo, prae- 
luceo funale et praecino 
sui tibia jubeo, quasi 
quotidie triumpho. 

Decursio exercitus non 
imago sum pugna, sed 
tanquam de regnum dim- 
ico^ ita concurro, mul- 
tusque vulnus sudes fa- 
cio ; neque praeter ferrum 
quisquam desum ad Justus 
bellum species. 



806 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER MODO, ^C. 'Jy 263. 

Augustus playfully reproved a Augustus aliquisjocus-^ 
man for hesitating to offer him a corripio, quod sic sui li- 
petition^, as if he vi^ere holding bellus porrigo dubito'^, 
out a halfpenny to an elephant. quasi elephantus slips 

porrigo. 

« § 262, R. 4. bpl. " § 259, R. 1, (2,) {d.) d § 260, R. 7, (2.) • pass, 
mpers. f § 247. ' lit. because he hesitated, § 266, 3. * § 266, 3. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Hicetas of Syracuse" thinks*, that nothing in the world* 
ktioves'' except the earth ; (and that,) as* this-^ revolves*^ 
i^.Gund its axis with the utmost'' rapidity, all the same 
(effects) are produced', as if the sky movedJ while the 
earth* stood still. Claudius, having been placed upon a 
litter, was carried', sorrowful and terrified"*, into the camp; 
the crowd who met" him pitying (him,) as if he was carried 
away" to undeserved^ punishment. Nero deprived the con- 
suls of their power^, and in the room' of both'^, entered* 
alone (on) the consulship ; as if it were decreed by fate* 
that Gaul" could not be reduced" but"" in his consulship*. 

°- adj. ' censeo. " mundus. ^ pass. * quum, -^§206,(17.) 
^ lit. turns itself. * Hupeias. * efficio. i pass. ^ § 257, R. I. 
'■ defero. ^ trepidus. * mho met, obvius. ° rapio ^ insons — 
agreeing with the subject. ^ oot *" uterque. * ineo. * decreed by 
fate, fatalis. " pi. * debello. '"nisi. "^ § 257, R. 7, (a.) " hono.s. 



MODO, DUM, AND £>DMMODO. 

Go at length from the city, Egredior aliquando ex 

lead all thy (associates) with urbs ; educo tucum om- 

thee ; or if not, as many as pos- nis tuus ; si minus, quam 

sible ; thou wilt deliver me from multus ; magnus ego me- 

great fear, provided there oe a tus libero, dummodo inter 

wall between me and thee. ego atque tu murus in- 

tersum. 

Nor did Catiline have any con- Neque Catilina qui 

cern, provided he could obtain for modus assequor, dum sui 



§ 263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER ANTEQUAM, &-C. 



207 



himself supreme power, by what 
means he obtained it. 

The most honorable and up- 
right men of the city demanded 
that the slaves should be examined 
by the torture, and demanded (it) 
on behalf of a man, who was de- 
sirous even to be put to torture 
himself, provided only an investi- 
gation took place about his fa- 
ther's death. 



regnum paro, quisquam 
pensus"* habeo. 

Postiilo homo nobilis 
atque integer civitas ser- 
vus in quaestio*, postiilo 
autem pro homo qui vel 
ipse" sui in cruciatus do** 
cupio*, dum de pater 
mors qucBro^, 



" § 212, R. 3, N. 3. 
himself. • § 266, 3. 



* lit. for torture, 
f pass, impers. 



' § 207, R. 28. <* lit. to give 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Deiotarus had recourse to* the auspices of virtue, which 
forbids to regard* fortune, provided' (one's) word'' be kept'. 
The Peripatetics approve-^ moderation^, and rightly approve 
(it,) provided'' they did not commend anger*. Old men's fac- 
ulties-' remain*, provided only'' study and industry remain^ ; 
and that, too, not in (the case of) illustrious men only'" and 
(of) those who are in posts of honor", but also (of those) in 
private and tranquir life. If the senate sends another (per- 
son) against^ the spring, T do not trouble myself* ; provided 
only'' that my command be not prolonged'^'^ . 

" to have recourse to, utor. * specto. " dura. <* fides. * praesto. 
f placet, with the dative. ^ mediocritas. ^ modo. * iracundia. 
^ ingenium. * lit. faculties remain to old men. ' sing. *" and 

that too not only, lit. nor those only " those who are in posts of honor, 
honorati. * quietus. ^ ad. * / trouble myself, laboro. <^ that my 
command be not prolonged, nobis temporis ne quid prorogetur. 



AJ^TEQ,UAM AND PRIUSQ,Uj}M WITH THE IMPERFECT AND 
PLUPERFECT. 



3. The Gauls crossed into Italy 
Iwo hundred years before they 
ook Rome. 

Aristides was present at the na- 
ral battle of Salamis, which took 



Ducenti annus ant^ 
qudm Roma capio in Ita- 
lia Gallus transcendo. 

Aristides intersum pug 
na navalis apud Salamis* 



203 



INDICATIVE AFTER ANTEQUAM, &C. 



§261? 



place before his banishment was 
remitted. 

There was a law at Athens, 
that no one should obtain a de- 
cree of the people, that any one 
should be presented with a crown 
in his magistracy, before he had 
rendered his accounts. 

Tydides bore off to the camp 
the fiery steeds, before they had 
tasted the forage of Troy, and 
drank of the Xanthus. 



qui fio prius, qudtii pcB 
na* exilium'" libe/'u''. 

Sum lex Athense, iie 
quis populus scitum fa- 
cio, ut quisquam corona 
dono in magistratus jwrm^-, 
qudm ratio refero. 

Tydides ardens averto 
equus in castra, prius 
qudm pabulum gust) 
Troja Xanthusque hibo. 



" § 80, I. ft § 251. '^ § 211. d lit, he was freed. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Epaminondas, when he had come into a party*, in which a 
disputation was going on'' about the republic, or a discourse 
holding"* about philosophy, never departed thence tiir the 
discourse had been brought^ to a conclusion. Mithridates 
transfixed Dataraes with his weapon*, and killed (him,) 
before any one could succor (him.) Hasdrubal, having 
crossed-^ the Ebro^ before certain news'' of the defeat' ar- 
rived^, on hearing* that the camp was lost, turned his course' 
towards the sea. 

* circulus. ft a disputation was going on, disputaretur, § 266, 1. 

* prius, in the first claus-e, and quam, in the second. ^ adduce. * fer- 
rum. / transgredior. ^ Iberus. ^ farna, * clades. i accido. 

* lit. after he he^rd, accipio. ' iter. "* habeo. 



j3J\rTEQUJ9M AND PRIUSQUJlM, WITH THE PRESENT AND PERFECT 

INDICATIVE. 



Every one is involved in a cer- 
tain plan of life, before he has 
been able to judge what was best. 

Before I speak about the suf- 
f(?rings of Sicily, it seems to me 
vhat I ought to say a few (words) 



Ante impljco quisque 
alTquis genus vivo", qudm 
possum, qui bonus sum 
judico\ 

Antequam de incom- 
modum Sicilia dico, pau- 
cus ego videor'' sum de 



§263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER ANTEQUAM, &-C. 



2jG 



about the dignity of the prov- 



ince. 



I was always his friend, before 
he became an enemy of the 
state. 

You will receive no letters 
from me, before I shall settle in 
some place. 

This I perceived as soon as I 
saw you, before you began to 
speak. 



provincia dignitas dicen- 
dus"*. 

dui* sum semper ami- 
cus, antequam ille res- 
publica^o inimicus. 

Antequam alTquis locus 
consido, literae a ego non 
habeo. 

Qui* ego, simul ac tu 
aspicio, priusquam loquor 
c(Bpi, sentio. 



* S 275, III. R. 1 . 6 § 264, 4. " lit. a few things seem to me. ^ lit 
to need to be said, § 274, R. 8, (a.) « § 206, (17.) 



English to he turned into Latin. 

We use (our) limbs, before we have learned for the sake" 
of what use* we possess" them. Before I answer about other* 
things, I shall say a few (words) about the friendship which 
he accuses* me of having violated-'', which I deem^ a most 
heavy charge. I have not attempted to excite* pity in others, 
before^ I was myself touched^ with pity. 

'^for the sake, causa. ^ utilitas. "^ habeo, § 264, 4. '^ ceterus. 
• criminor. / lit which he alleges to have been violated by me. ' ^ ju- 
dico * coramoveo. * prius, in the first clause, quam, in the second, 
i capio. 



AJ^TEQ,UAM AND PRIUSQUJlM, WITH THE PRESENT AND PERFECT 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 



In all kinds of business, dili- 
gent preparation must be made 
before you set about it. 

Exert yourself, if you can, 
even now, in any way accomplish 
the extrication of yourself*, and 
come hither as soon as possible, 
before all the troops of the enemy 
collect. 

Caesar transports his soldiers 
18* 



In omnis negotium j9n- 
usquam aggredior, ad- 
hibeo* praeparatio dil- 
igens. 

Do opera, si ullus ra- 
tio etiam nunc efficio 
possum, ut tu explTco, et 
hue quamprlmum veiiio, 
antequam omnis copia 
adversarius convenio. 

Caesar miles navis fl>i- 



210 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER DUM, &C. 



<J263 



over the river in ships, and seizes, 
unexpectedly, a hill contiguous to 
^he bank, and fortifies it, before 
it is perceived by the enemy. 

But I swear to you, that, pro- 
vided the fates will permit, I will 
return, before the moon has twice 
filled her orb. 

I desire (while) beautiful to be- 
come the food of tigers, before 
unsightly leanness takes posses- 
sion of my comely cheeks, and 
the moisture of the tender prey 
escapes. 



men transporto, conti-^ 
nensque ripa collis im- 
provise occupo, etjprius- 
quam ab adversarius sen- 
tio, communio. 

Sed tu juro si ego mo- 
do fatum remitto, ante 
reverto, qudm luna bis 
impleo orbis. 

Antequam turpis ma- 
cies decens occupo mala, 
tenerque succus defluo 
praeda, speciosus quaere 
pasco tigris. 



** § 274, E,. 8, (a.) * lit. that you may extricate yourself. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Do* nothing, O conscript fathers, either* in Italy or* in 
Africa, before you atone" for the crime*^ of those who have 
dared to lay* their sacrilegious hands on the untouched 
treasures of the temple of Proserpine. Do you condemn a 
friend before you hear (him) — before you interrogate (him)? 
are you angry with him before he is allowed^ to know^ either 
his accuser or his crime ? 

« gcro, per/, sub. § 260, K. 6, second clause. '' neque. <^ expio. 
<^ scelus. * admoveo. / he is allowed, liceat. ^ to know, nosse. 



DUM, DOJ\rEC, AND QUOAD. 



4, (1.) In the following night, Fa- 
bius sends the cavalry before, so 
prepared that they might engage 
and delay the whole army till he 
himself should come up. 

In regard to Terentia and Tul- 
lia, I agree with you that they 
should follow your judgment ; 
and thpt, if they, have not yet 



Insequens nox Fabius 
eques pra^mitto, sic para- 
tus ut confligo atque om- 
nis agmen moror, dum 
consequor ipse. 

De Terentia et Tullia 
tu assentior ad tu ut refe- 
ro ; si nondum proficis- 
cor nihil sum quod sui 






y26S 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER DUM, &C. 



211 



gone, there is no reason why they 
should move, till we see how af- 
fairs stand. 

Calpurnius Flamma, a tribune 
of the soldiers, occupied, with a 
chosen band of three hundred 
(men,) the hill on which the ene- 
my wereposted% and thus delayed 
them till the whole army got 
clear. 

If you want an applauder wait- 
ing till the curtain (rise,) and sit- 
ting even till the actor shall pro- 
claim, " Applaud ye," you must 
mark the manners of every age. 

The Rhine retains its name, 
and the impetuosity of its current, 
where it flows by Germany, until 
it mingles with the ocean. 



moveo", quoad perspicio 
qui locus* sum* res''. 

Calpurnius Flamma, 
tribunus miles, cum lec- 
tus trecenti manus inses- 
sus ab hostis tumulus 
occiipo ; adeoque moror 
is dum exercitus omnis 
evddo. 

Si plausor / egeo aulae- 
um^ maneo, et usque 
sedeo'', donee cantor, 
" Tu plaudo," dico, aetas 
quisque noto* tu^ mos. 

Rhenus servo nomen^ 
et violentia cursus, qua 
Germania praeveho*, do- 
nee oceanus misceo. 



» § 264, 7. * § 212, R. 3. "^ § 265. ^ lit. the affair is. ' lit. pos- 
sessed by the enemy, f § 220, 3. ^ § 229. ^fut. part. * § 274, R. 
B, (a.) J § 225, in. ^ pass. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

A truce was made for* two months, till ambassadors could 
M sent to Rome, that the people might decree'' a peace on" 
these conditions. Augustus was accustomed to appoint" a 
guardian to royal personages'^ under age" or insane-^, tilt 
they grew up, or recovered their intellects^. We must ask 
and entreat angry (persons'',) if they have any power* of in- 
flicting vengeance-', to delay* (it) tiW their anger subsides"^. 
What more" do you wish for V Are you waiting till L. Me- 
tellus ^z?;es^ testimony of ' his'' criminality*, dishonesty^ and 
audacity ? 

* in, with ace. ' jubeo. * appono. ^ a royal personage, rex. * un- 
der age, SBtate parvus. -^ mente lapsus. ^ to recover one's intellects, 
"esipisco. '' lit. angry persons must be asked, ^c. § 274, R. 8, (a.) 'vis. 
J lit. of avengircg, n\c\scor. ^ difiero, § 273, 2. ' dum. "* efiervesco. 
" amplius. " *.o wish for, volo. '' dico. ' de. ^ iste. * scelus. 
' imD''obita». 



212 INDICATIVE AFTER QUUM. ^ 263 



QUUM, -WITH THE INDICATIVE. 

5. Though we may be equally Ut seque do eo animus, 

pained in mind when we are quum corpus doleo, facio 

pained in body, yet a great addi- tamen permagnus acces- 

tion may be made, if we suppose sio possum, si alTquis'' 

that some eternal and infinite evil aeternus et infinitus ego 

impends over us. impendeo malum opinor. 

When, with a vigorous and Quum is qui praetereo 
attentive mind, we contemplate acer animus et attentus 
those things which have passed, intueor, tunc facio^ ut 
then the result is, that regret fol- aegritudo sequor si ille 
lows if they are bad, joy if they malus sum, laetitia si bo- 
are good. nus. 

When it is enjoined that we Quum prcDcipio" ut 
should control ourselves, it is en- egomet ipse impero, turn 
joined that reason should restrain hie praecipio, ut ratio co- 
rashness, erceo temeritas. 

* § 138, 2, (b,) adjectively. * lit. then it happens. * impers. § 209, 
R.3,(5.) 



English to be turned into Latin, 

In (all) other matters, loss" is suffered^ when calam ./ 
comes; but in (the case of) revenue", not only the occur- 
rence*^ of evil, but even the fear itself, produces'' calamity. 
You ask (me) why my Laurentine-^ (farm) delights^ me so 
much ; you will cease to wonder when you know^ the con- 
venience' of the situation^. When the inquiry is instituted'', 
What can be done^ ? we must also examine^ how easily it 
can^ (be done.) We never ought"" to be more diffident" 
than when God is the subject". When Gyges had turned the 
stone^ of the ring to his palm, he was not seen by any one', 
but he himself saw all (things,) and again he'' was seen 
when he had turned^ the ring into (its) place. 

« detrimentum. * accipio. " pi. ^ adventus. ' affero. / neut. 
^ § 265. * cognosce, § 145, VI. » opportumtas. J locus. * lit. 
when it is asked. ^ we must examine, videndum est. ^ debeo. " ve- 
recundus. ° God is the subject, de Deo agitur. ^ pala. " not any 
one, nullus. ^ again he, idem rursus. * inverto. 



^263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUUM. 



213 



QIUUM WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE. 



Though I desire, O judges, to 
De influenced by all the virtues, 
yet there is nothing which I more 
wish than to be and to seem 
grateful. 

Antigonus would have pre- 
served Eumenes, though he had 
been most hostile to him, if his 
(friends) had allowed him, be- 
cause he was aware that he could 
not be more aided by any one, in 
those events which now appeared 
to all to be impending. 

Since there are in us design, 
-eason, foresight, God must needs 
have these very things in greater 
measure*. 

Since solitude and a life with- 
out friends is full of snares and 
alarm, reason herself advises (us) 
to form friendships. 



Quum omnis virtus, 
judex, me afficio cupio, 
tamen nihil sum qui ma- 
lo** qudm ego* et gratus 
sum et videor. 

Eumenes Antioponus. 
quum sum is infestus, 
conservo, si per suus li- 
cet", quod ab nuUus sui 
plus adjuvo possum in- 
tellTgo in hie res, qui 
impendeo jam appareo 
omnis. 

Quum sum in ego con- 
silium, ratio, prudentia, 
necesse sum Deus hie** 
ipse habeo magnus. 

Quum solitudo et vita 
sine amicus insidiae et 
metus plenus sum, ratio 
ipse moneo amicitia com- 
paro-^. 



« § 264, 7. ^ § 271, Remark 4. <^ plup. pass. § 261, 1. ^ § 206, (15,) 

k § 205, R. 2, (2.) ' lit. greater, f inf. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Plato has immortalized" the genius and various discourses* 
of Socrates by his writings, though Socrates h'unselUiad not 
left a line". There was a vasf^ number of prisoners (made) 
in the Punic war, whom Hannibal had sold*, as they tmre 
not ransomed by their (friends), ^.s- I, after so long an in- 
terval-^, had burst those barriers of noble birth^, so that*^ in 
future' the way^ to the consulship should be open* to vir- 
tue, I did not expect' that the accusers would speak of 
newness of family"*. 

'^ to immortalize, trado immortalitati. ^ sermo. " litera. "^ in- 
^ens. * to sell, do venum. ■^ after so long an interval, tanto inter- 
vallo, § 236. ^ nobilitas, § 211, R. 5. '^ so that, ut. * in future 
posihic. i aditus. ^ pateo. ' arbitror. *" genus. 



214 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUUM. 



§263 



q,UUM IN NARRATION. 



R. 2. Paasanias, having been 
carried out half dead from the 
temple, immediately expired. 

Hortensius having begun, when 
a very young man, to speak in 
the forum, speedily began to be 
employed for more important 
causes. 

When Alcibiades was carrying 
on these projects, Critias and the 
rest of the tyrants of Athens sent 
trusty men to Lysander in Asia*. 

Having been received with 
princely magnificence, we pro- 
longed our discourse till mid- 
night ; the old man talking of 
nothing'' but Africanus, and re- 
membering' not only all his ac- 
tions, but even all his words. 



Pausanias, quum semi- 
antmis de templum ejfero, 
confestim anima efflo. 

Hortensius, quum ad- 
modum juvenis ordior in 
forum dico, celeriter ad 
magnus causa adhibeo 
ccepi*. 

Hie quum molior Alci- 
biades, Critias, ceterus- 
que tyr annus Athenien- 
sis certus homo ad Ly- 
sander in Asia mitto. 

Regius apparatus ac- 
ceptus, sermo in multus 
nox produco; quum senex 
nihil nisi de Africanus 
loquor, omnisque is non 
factum •* solum sed etiam 
dictum memini. 



* § lS'S,2f'N.2,lasfclattse. ''lit. into Asia. '^ lit. while the old 
man talked of nothing. ^ ace. § 216. * lit. and remembered^ 
§ 183, 3, N. 3. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Having determined '^ to anticipate* Darius wherever he 
was', Alexander, that he might leave (things) safe behind*^ 
(him,) makes Amphoterus commander' of the fleet on-'' the 
shore of the Hellespont. When the scouts returned, a great 
multitude was seen^ from afar'' ; then* fires began to blaze ^ 
through the whole plain*", as the disorderly' multitude en- 
camped"^ in a scattered way". I frequently listened to" 
Zeno, when I was at Athens. Milo is said to have walked^ 
through the stadium at Olympia, carrying'' a living ox upon 
his shoulders. When AttTcus had completed seventy-seven 
years, he fell sick*^, 

' • statuo. * occupo. " § 266, 3. "^ a tergo * to m.ake com 
mander, praeficio. ^ ad. ' ^ conspicio. '' from afar, procul. * de 



§264. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



^ abl. without in, §254, R. 3 

tido. " in a scattered way, laxius, § 256, R. 9, (a,) 
listen to, audio. ^ ingredior. ' sustineo. *" to fall s 



inde. 1 colluceo. 

"* tendo 

"to 

ciscor morbura 



9A'^ 

' incondilus 

middle. 

sick, nan- 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QTJL 

^ 264. When the relative qui is equivalent to ut 
with a personal or demonstrative pronoun, it takes the 
subjunctive. 



1. Who is so ignorant, as not 
to understand that his own safety 
is involved in that of the repub- 
lic" 1 

Who is so great, that fortune 
may not make him need the aid 
of the meanest 1 

Invite those whose characters 
are not dissimilar to your own. 

The Roman nation is one 
which, when conquered, cannot 
remain quiet. 

I am a man who never did any 
thing for my own sake, rather 
than that of my fellow-citizens. 

There is nothing so difficult 
and arduous, which the human 
mind may not overcome ; and no 
passions so fierce that they may 
not be thoroughly tamed by dis- 
cipline. 

You have such a consul, as does 
not hesitate to obey your decrees. 

Those arts should be acquired, 
which cause us to be useful to 
the state. 



duis est tam ignarus, 
qui non intelUgo respub- 
lica salus contineo suus ? 

Q,uis tantus est, qui 
non fortuna etiam humi- 
lis auxilium^ indigeo co- 
go? 

Is voco* qui mos a tu- 
us non abhorreo. 

Is sum Romanus gens, 
qui victus quiesco nescio. 

Ego is sum, qui nihil 
unquam meus'' potiiis 
quam civis mens causa 
facio. 

Nihil sum tam diffi- 
cTlis et arduus, qui non 
humanus mens vinco ; 
nullus tam ferus alFectus, 
ut non disciplina perd5- 
mo. 

Habeo is consul, qui 
pareo vester decretum 
non dubito. 

Disco' is ars, qui effi- 
do, ut usus civTtas sum 



« lit. that in the safetr of the republic is involved his own. ^ § 250. 
2, (2.) <= § 260, R. 6.' < § 211, R. 3, (c.) ad fin. : & § 278, R. 2. 
' § 274, R. 8, {a.) 



S16 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



§2t>4 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Zeno was by no means* a man* who, like'' Theophrastus 
would cut^ the sinews of virtue, but, on the contrary*, (one) 
who placed every thing which belonged-^ to a happy life in 
virtue. You should be^ the man'' who should first separate^ 
yourself from the society of wicked^ citizens. What elo- 
quence* of the philosophers is so exquisite, as^ to deserve to 
be preferred"" to a well-regulated" state, to public law and 
morals 1 The name of an ambassador should" be of such 
a kmd^, that if may be'' safe even amidst hostile* weapons. 
In war nothing is so trifling' as not sometimes to give" the 
decisive turn" to a great event"". There is nothing so in- 
credible, which may not be rendered"^ credible by the power 
of language'' ; nothing so rough"' and rude"", which may not, 
by means of oratory**, be brightened" and adorned'^. 



* modus. ^ is. " ut. '^ incldo. 
^ you should be, te esse oportet. 
k oratio ' qui. "^ § 274, R. 8, (a.) 



* contra. / pertineo, § 266, 1 
f^ talis. * sejungo. J impius. 
" bene constitutus. " debeo. 
P of such a kind, ejusmodi. ' that it, qui. '' versor. * lit. of ene- 
mies. * levis. " facio. ' decisive turn, momentum. " res. * fio. 
" by the power of language, dicendo. ' horridus. "" incultus. ^^ by 
means of oratory, oratione. '^'^ splendesco. '^^ excolo. 



DEMONSTRATIVE WORD IMPLIED. 



How often (such things,) as 
you would not dare to wish for, 
occur by chance ! 

At my Laurentine (farm) I 
hear nothing that I repent having 
heard* ; I say nothing which I re- 
pent having said* ; no one de- 
fames another to me with ill-na- 
tured conversation. 

In standing for the consulship, 
whoever he is who shows any 
aood will towards you, who courts 
you, who comes frequently to 
(your) house, he must be reckon- 
ed in the number of your friends. 

M] rrnecides gained celebrity 



duam sappe forte tem- 
ere evenio, qui noii au- 
deo opto ! 

In Laurentinus" mens 
nihil audio, qui audio, 
nihil dico, qui d'lco pceni- 
tet ; nemo apud egoquis- 
quam sinister sermo*" car- 

Quisquis sum qui os- 
tendo alTquis in tu volun- 
tas'', qui colo, qui donms 
ventito, is in petitio con 
sulatus in amicus nume 
rus habeo^ 

Myrmecides in^'iares 



^ 264. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 217 

by making ants and other small co ex ebur formica et ali* 

animals of ivory : he made a four- us parvus animal facio-^: 

horse, chariot which a fly could quadriga facio, qui mus- 

cover with its wings. ca intego ala. 

" neut. * lit. to have heard, SfC. 'pi. ^\ 212, R. 3. * § 274, 

R e, (a.) / § 275, III. R. 4. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

As" I wish to draw* a picture*" of the habits'* and life of 
Epaminondas, I think* I ought-^ not to omit^ any thing'' which 
tftids^ to illustrate^ it. The nobility of Campania*^ had de- 
serted the state, and could* not be assembled^ in the senate'" ; 
there was (a man) in the magistracy who had not conferred 
any new honor" upon himself, but by his own unworthiness 
had deprived" the magistracy, which he held^, of efficacy' 
and authority*". 

" quum. ^ exprimo. "^ imago. ^ consuetude, sing. * videor. 
/ debeo, § 271, R. 2. ^ praetermitto. ^ not — any thing, nihil. * per- 
tineo. i declaro, § 275, II. * lit. of the Campanians. ' cogo. 
"* § 235, (2.) " to confer new honor, honorem adjicio. " demo. 
P gero. ^ vis. "" jus. ' possum, § 209, R. 11, (2.) 

2. Gracchus chose to confess Gracchus peccatum 
his fault, though he might have suus, qui celo possum'^, 
concealed it. confiteor malo. 

Although Cicero, during all Gicero, qui per omnis 

the preceding days, had kept his superus dies miles in cas- 

soldiers confined to the camp, on tra contineo, septimus 

the seventh day he sent out co- dies cohors frumentor' 

horts to forage. mitto. 

3. Nothing is said by philoso- Nihil dico a philoso- 
phers, at least which is rightly phus, qui quidem recto 
said, which has not been con- dico, qui non ab is con- 
firmed by those by whom laws firmo" a qui civitas jus 
have been prepared for states. describo. 

Who would think any one hap- Q,uis beatus quisquam 

pier, than he to whom nothing is puto*, quam is" qui nihil 

wanting, which, at least, nature desum'^, qui quidem na- 

demands; or of more unchange- tur a de.sidero ; aut firmus 

able fortune than (he) who pos- fortfina* quam qui is pos^ 
19 



218 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



§264. 



sesses such things, as according 
to the common saying, he can 
carry ashore with him even from 
shipwreck ? 

Although Aristides excelled so 
much in moderation, that he 
alone, as far as we have heard, 
was surnamed the Just, yet he 
was punished with a banishment 
of ten years. 



sideo^, qui suicum, ut aio, 
vel e naufragium possum^ 
effero? 

Q,uanquam adeo ex- 
cello'' Aristides abstinen- 
tia, ut unus, qui quidem 
ego audio y cogndmen 
Justus' appello,tamen ex- 
ilium decem annus multo. 



7. 6 § 260, n. R. 5. " § 256, R. 4. '^ § 266, 1. ' abl § 211, 



R, 6. f A. '1. 



imp. « § 210, R. 3, (3,) (a.) i § 276, II. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

This" is the state*" of my*" candidateship'', as far as can' 
at present-^ be foreseen^. I wish'^ that, as far as is consist- 
ent with your convenience*, you would come^ as soon as 
possible*. We have received an excellent' custom, if we 
observed"* it, from (our) ancestors, of petitioning" a judge, so 
far as" he can* do (it) without a breach of integrity^. 

* hujusmodi. * ratio. " noster. <^ petitio. * possum. -^ adhuc. 
' provideo. ^ volo, § 260, R. 4. » as far as is consistent with your 
convenience, quod commodo tuo fiat, § 249, II. ^ § 262, R. 4. * as 
soon as possible, qu^m primum. ' prssclarus. *" teneo, § 261, 1. 
" rogo, § 275, II. " quae, ace. pi. ^ without a breach of integrity, 
salvd fide. 



4. The loss of character and 
confidence are too great to be 
capable of being estimated. 

The Athenian law forbids a 
sepulchre to be raised higher 
than five men can finish in five 
days, and a larger stone to be 
placed upon it, than w\\\ contain 
the praise of the dead, cut in four 
heroic verses. 



Fama ac fides dam- 
num" rnagnus sum qudm 
qui ?Bstimo possum. 

Extruo veto sepulcrum 
lex Atheniensis* alte 
qudm qui quinque dies 
homo quinque absolvo", 
nee magnus lapis impono 
qudm qui capio'^ laus mor- 
tuus incTsus quatuor he- 
roicus versus. 



pi. * gen. pi. * pf^f- * p^rf. 



§264 



SUBJUNCTIVE 4.FTER QU 



219 



English to he turned into Latin. 

No changing of sides* jtook place^ ; fear rather than 
allegiance'' restraining"^ the Campanians, because they had 
committed too great" an offence-^ in (their) revolt^ for the 
yossihility of pardon^. The Greeks cut down' both larger 
and more branching trees than^ the soldier could^ carry 
along with' his armor*". 

"" changing of sides, ir?i.ns\Mo. ^ to take place, &o. ''fides. '^ con- 
tineo. * raajora, § 232, (2.) / to commit an offence, delinquo. ^ de- 
fectio. ^ lit. than to whom it could be forgiven : to forgive, ignosco. 
* imp. i than, lit. than which. * possum. ^ along with, cum. 
*" arma. 



5. The Volsci had provided 
auxiliaries to send to the Latins. 

I have sent (an agent) to pay 
for transporting the statues. 

When Antiochus Epiphanes 
was besieging Ptolemy at Alex- 
andria, Popilius Laenas was sent 
ambassador to him, to command 
him to desist from his attempt. 

The Cydnus is not remarkable 
for the breadth of its waters, but 
for their clearness ; for, gliding 
with a gentle course from its 
fountains, it is received into a 
pure bottom; nor do torrents 
rush in to disturb the smoothly- 
flowing stream. 

Carthaginian ambassadors came 
to Rome to thank the senate and 
Roman people for having made 
peace with them, and at the same 
time to ask that their hostages 
iniofht be restored. 



Volsci compdro auxili- 
um, qui mitto Latinus. 

Mitto'', qui pro signum 
vectura solvo. 

Q,uum Antiochus Epi- 
phanes Ptolemaeus Alex- 
andria obsideo, mitto ad 
is legatus Popilius Lae- 
nas, qui jubeo inceptum" 
desisto. 

Cydnus non spatium 
aqua sed liquor memorab- 
ilis; quippe lenis tractus 
e fons labor, purus so- 
lum** excipio ; nee torrens 
incurro, qui placTde mano 
alveus turbo. 

Legatus Carthaginien- 
sis Roma venio, qui se- 
natus populusque Roma- 
nus gratia ago, quod cum 
hie pax facio'', simulque 
peto ut obses is reddo. 



* % 242. 



§ 247. * § 266, 3. ^ pi. 



220 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



J 264, 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The eyes, like* watchmen, occupy^ the highest place, that, 
having thence the widest prospect"^, they may discharge^ their 
functions*. Letters were invented that they might be a 
remedy-'' against obl.vion^. King Philip sent for^ Aristotle 
(as) a teacher for his son Alexander, that he might receive 
from him instructions' both for acting-' and speaking-'. Nero, 
the successor of Claudius, covered^ the theatre of Pompey 
with gold, for^ a single day, to make a display"' to Tiridates, 
king of Armenia. 



* obtineo. 



sinff. 



" tanquam. 
•^ fungor. 

» praeceptum. i § 275, III. R. 1. 
which he might display. 



inunus, 
} 



" lit. from which seeing most (things), 
f subsidium. ' § 227. * accio. 



operio. 



m. 



ostendo, lit. 



6. Some say that only two trib- 
unes were appointed at the sa- 
cred mount. 

Persons are more easily found 
to expose themselves voluntarily 
to death, than to bear pain pa- 
tiently. 

There are some who suppose 
that Caesar thought it was better 
once for all to encounter the 
plots, which impended on every 
side, than to be always guarding 
against (them.) 

There are and have been phi- 
losophers, who thought that God 
had no management whatever of 
hnman affairs ; there are also oth- 
er philosophers, and these, too, 
gn^at and noble, who think that 
thf» world is administered and 
ruled by the intelligence and wis- 
dom of God. 

There are many who reckon of 
no value hings which seem ad- 
mirable to others. 



Sum^ qui duo tantum 
in sacer mons creo tri- 
biinus dico. 

Qui sui ultro mors of- 
fer o, facile reperio, quam 
qui dolor patienter fero. 

Sum, qui puto opinor 
Caesar, insidiae undique 
imminens subeo semel 
satius sum quam caveo 
semper. 

Sum philosophus ac 
sum, qui Deus omnino 
nullus habeo censeo hu- 
manus res procuratio ; 
sum autem alius philoso- 
phus, et hie quidem mag- 
nus atque nobilis, qui 
Deus mens atque ratio 
omnis mundus adminis- 
tro et rego censeo. 

Qui quidam admirab- 
ilis videor, permultus 
sum qui pro nihil um putj 



•^ 264. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 221 



English to he turned into Latin. 

There are many who say, " I know that this will be of no 
ise" to him; but what can I do? He asks* (and) I cannot 
esist his prayers." There was (some one) who suggested" 
that the name'' of the month of August ought to be trans- 
ferred* to September, because-'' Augustus was born^ in the 
latter'', (and) died* in the former-^. You icill Jind^ many 
(persons) to whom dangerous plans' seem more splendid than 
quiet (ones.) In all ages, fewer persons'" have been found'' 
who conquered their desires" than" the forces of the enemy^ 
You wiiljind nobody who would not rather^ enjoy the fruits' 
of vice' without vice (itself) 

" to he of use, prosum. ^ rogo. ' suadeo. ^ appellatio, § 272. 

* § 274, R. 8, (a.) / quod. ^ gigno, § 266, 3. ^ hie. » defungor. i is 

* reperio. 'consilium. "* vir. " cupiditas. *" lit. than w\c. ^ pi. 
Place the verbs of the relative clatises last. ' malo. *" praemiunA. ' ne- 
quitia. 



7. There is no orator who does Nemo sum orator qui 

not wish to be like Demosthenes, sui Demosthenes similis 

sum nolo. 

It is no merit to be honest, Nullus sum laus ibi 

where there is no one who is able, sum integer, ubi nemo 

or who attempts to corrupt. sum qui aut possum aut 

Conor corrumpo. 

There is no animal, except Nullus sum anima) 

man, which has any knowledge praeter homo, qui habec 

of God. aliquis notitia Deus. 

The Peloponnesus itself is al- Ipse Peloponnesus fe- 

most wholly in the sea, nor are re totus in mare sum, 

there any, except the Phliasians, nee praeter Phliasius ul- 

whose territories do not touch lus sum, qui ager non 

the sea. contingo mare. 



English to be turned into Latin 

Although Cato had taken up" the study of Greek literature 
(when) an elderly* (man,) yet he made such" progress in it, 
that'' you could not easily Jind (any thing) which was un- 
19* 



222 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. § '^^'^ 

known to him, either* relating to-'' Greek or* Italian affairs. 
Look round on^ all the members of the state ; you will as- 
suredly^ ^nd none which is not broken and enfeebled"^. You 
will not find any other ^ ^ except Homer and Archilochus, 
most perfect in the work* of which he has been the inventor'. 

" arripio. ^ senior, § 256, R. 9, (a,) middle. " tantus. ^ § 262, 
R. 1. * neque. f relating to, de. ^ to look round on, circumspicio. 
^ profecto. * debilito, perf. i any other, quisquam alius, * § 206, 
(3,) (a.) * the inventor, primus auctor. 



INTERROGATIVE EXPRESSIONS IMPLYING A NEGATIVE. 

How few judges are there, Quotusquisque ex ju- 

who are not amenable to the very dex sum", qui non is ipse 

law by which they try ! We lex* teneo" qui quaero" ! 

have all transgressed, some more Pecco omnis, alius gra- 

heavily, some more lightly ; some vis*^, alius levis ; alius ex 

with deliberate purpose, some destinatus, alius forte im- 

hurried away by accident. pulsus. 

How few philosophers are Quotusquisque philos- 

found, who think their system, ophus* invenio, qui disci- 

not a display of knowledge, but pllna suus non ostenta- 

a rule of life ; who obey them- tio scientia, sed lex vita 

selves, and submit to their own puto ; qui obtempero ipse 

decrees ! sui, et decretum suus 

pareo ! 

• sing. 6 § 247. ^ pass. ^ ace. pi. § 232, (2.) * § 212. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

What old age" is there which can^ destroy' a divine vir- 
tue"*? What (reason) is there why' you should think f that 
you can divert^ your own culpability on some one else^ 1 
Who is there, who, if he wished to measure the knowledge 
of illustrious men by the utility or magnitude of their per- 
formances', would noi prefer a commander to an orator ? 

* old age, vetustas. ' possum. " conficio. ^ vis. * quamobrem. 
'cogito ^ derlvo. ^ s9-ne one else, Q]l(\n\s. * res gestas. 



^264. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



223 



7, N. 3. There is no reason to 
wonder that Ephyre is called Cor- 
inth by Homer. 

There is no reason why the 
hopes of those, who have devoted 
themselves to the study of elo- 
quence, should be diminished, or 
their industry palsied. 

What (reason) is there why 
some one's cough or sneezing, or 
,he awkward driving away of a 
fly, or the fall of a key from the 
hand of a careless slave, should 
throw us into a rage ? 

As to the rest, 1 wish you 
would be persuaded that you have 
nothing to fear beyond the com- 
mon calamity of the state ; and 
though this is very severe, yet we 
have lived in such a way, and are 
now of such an age, that we 
ought to bear firmly things which 
do not happen to us by our own 
fault. 

« § 260, R. 4. b ^h. act. § 262, R. 4. 
R. 3. • § 266, 1. 



Non sum qui rniror 
Ephyre ab Homerus 
nominor Corinthus. 

Non sum, cur is, qui sui 
studium eloquentia dedo, 
spes infringo, aut Ian 
guesco industria. 

Q,uis sum cur tussia 
aliquis aut sternutamen- 
tum, aut musca parum 
curiose fugatus ego in 
rabies ago, aut clavis 
negligens servus manus 
elapsus 1 

De reliquus ita volo" 
tu persuadeo^, tu nihil 
haheo qui timeo" praeter 
communis casus civitas , 
qui etsi sum gravis, tamen 
ita vivo et is aetas*^ jam 
sum, ut omnis qui non 
noster culpa nos accido* 
fortiter fero debeo. 



§ 274, R. 8, (a.) i § 212, 



English to he turned into Latin. 

I am under no* concern* about myself, but I do not know" 
what to d.o^ about the boys. There is no reason why you 
should doubt whether a man can* raise himself above human 
\afFairs,) who beholds-^ with indifference^ the mighty* com- 
motion' of events, and bears -^ hardships* calmly^, and pros- 
perity"* with moderation." Antony did not know" which 
way*" to turn'. 

* nihil, § 232, (3.) * to be under concern, laboro. " not to know 
non habeo. ^ ago. * possum. / § 266, 1. ^ with indifference, se* 
curus. ^ magnus. * motus. i fero. * durus. ' placide. "* se- 
pundus. " adv " not to know, non habeo. ^ which way, quo 
' lit. to turn him.self 



224 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



^264 



8. I have a volume of intro- 
duct ons ; and at my Tusculan 
villa, as I did not remember that I 
had used that which is in the 
third book of the Academic 
Q,uestions, I put it to the book 
De Gloria. 

The next honor to the immor- 
tal gods Augustus paid to the 
memory of generals, who had ren- 
dered the Roman empire very 
great from being very small. 

Atticus, who thought that his 
services ought to be rendered to 
his friends without party spirit, 
and who had always kept aloof 
from such schemes, replied, that 
he would neither talk nor hold a 
meeting with any one respecting 
that affair. 



Habeo volumtn procE- 
mium ; itaque in Tuscu- 
lan um qui non memini 
ego utor ille procemium 
qui sum in Academicus 
tertius conjicio is in liber 
De Gloria. 

Propior a deus immor- 
talis honor memoria dux 
Augustus praesto, qui im- 
perium popiilus Romanus 
ex parvus magnus reddo. 

Atticus, qui officium 
amicus praesto sine factio 
cEstimo, semperque a ta- 
lis sui consilium removeo, 
respondeo sui neque cum 
quisquam de is res collo- 
quor, neque coeo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Agesilaus, who saw that it would be" very pernicious if it 
were perceived* that any one'' was attempting*^ to desert* to 
the enemy, came to the place which the young men had 
seized-'' without the city, and praised their scheme^, as if 
they had done (it) with a good intention''. Caesar himself has 
voluntarily* granted-' to me, that I should not* be in that 
camp which was about to be' (formed) against Lentiilus or 
Pompey, as I was under great obligations'" to them^\ What 
more devoid of shame" than Tarquin, who carried on war 
with those who had refused to submit^ to his pride ? Phi- 
losophy can never be adequately' praised, since (he) who 
obeys her*" may* live' the whole term" of (his) life without 
uneasiness*. Wretched me"", not to have been present" ! 

* fore. '' animadverto. " § 207, R. 31. ^ conor. * Iransfugio. 

^f capio. *' consilium. ^ animus. * lit. of his own loill, § 249, II. 

' concede. * § 262, R. 5. ' § 266, 1. *" beneficium. ** lit. the great 

favors of whom I had. " devoid, of shame, impudens. ^ to refuse to 

submit, non fero. ' satis digne. *" qui, § 223, R. 2. * possum. 

lego " tempus ' molestia " § 238, 2. * to be -present, adsum. 



^ 264. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 22j 



£77', qUIPPE, OR UTPOTE—Q,UI. 

The Egyptians, for a long time JEgyptius olim Persa 
past hostile to the Persian power, opes infensus, ad spes ad- 
had been inspired with courage at ventus Alexander erigo 
the hope of Alexander's arrival; a.nimus'^, utpote qui Amy n- 
as they had joyfully received even tas quoque transfuga, cum 
Amyntas, a deserter, and who precarius imperium veni- 
came with a power dependent on ens laetus recipio, 
another's pleasure. 

Scipio did not reject with dis- Scipio is miles non ad- 

dair the soldiers who survived of spernor*, qui ex Cannen- 

the army of Cannae, as he knew sisexercTtus supersum, m< 

that the defeat at Cannae was not qui neque ad Cannae ig- 

sustained through their coward- navia is clades accipio 

ice, and that there were no sol- scio^ neque ullus aeque 

diers of equal standing in the vetus miles in exercitus 

Roman army. Romanus sum. 

* lit. had raised their courage. ' imp. 

English to he turned into Latin. 

A skilful" flatterer is not easily recognized^ as he' often 
humors'^ (us) even by opposition*, and courts^ (us) while he 
pretends^ to dispute'^, and at last* gives up^ (his cause,) and 
allows himself to be overcome. To me, at least*, the power 
of the tribunes (of the people) appears very pernicious', as' 
having been produced"* in sedition and for sedition. 

" callidus. ' agnosco. " quippe qui. ^ assentor. * adverser, 
§ 275, III. R. 4. -^ blandior. '^ while he pretends, simUl^ns. * litlgo. 
ad extremum. J to give up, do ma.nvLS. * quidern. ^ very pernicious , 
pestifer. "* nascor, perf. 



DIOJ\ruS, IJVDTOJVUS, &c. 

9. We are not the cause to Non ego causa mundus*^ 

ihe world of bringing back winter sum hiems" aestasque ref- 

.•md summer; we think too highly ero ; nimis ego suspicio, 

of ourselves, if we think ourselves si dignus ego videor prop 



226 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



§264, 



worthy of having such mighty 
(bodies) put in motion on our ac- 
count''; they have their own laws. 

(He) who governs well, must 
have obeyed some time or other ; 
and he who obeys submissively 
seems worthy to govern some time 
or other. 

The character of Laelius seem- 
ed a suitable one to discourse 
about friendship, because we had 
heard from our fathers that the 
intimacy of Scipio and Laelius 
was very remarkable. 



ter qui tantus moveo ; su- 
us iste lex habeo. 

Qui bene impero, pa- 
reo*" aliquando necesse 
sum ; et qui modeste pa- 
reo, videor, qui aliquando 
impero, dignus sum. 

Idoneus videor Laelius 
persona qui de amicitia 
dissero, quum accipio a 
pater maxlme memorab- 
ilis Scipio et Laelius am- 
icitia sum. 



* § 275, 1. * lit. on account of whom such mighty (bodies) should be 
puty ^c. " § 262, R. 4. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The plays* of Livy' are not deserving' of being read^ a 
second time*. Caesar had judged Vibullius Rufus a suitable 
person-^ for him to send^ with messages^ to Pompey. In 
Cato Major I have introduced Cato when old as engaging in 
the discussion*, because no character* appeared more suitable^ 
to converse'^ respecting age. To name* the conditions of 
peace belongs to him' who gives, not to him who asks"* 
(ihem :) but perhaps" I* am not umcorthy of proposing^ the 
penally' for myself''. 

• fabula. * Livianus, § 211,R.4, (a.) * satis dignus. ^ lit. which 
should be read, S^c. * a second time, it6rum. ^ a suitable person, ido- 
neus. ^ mandatum. ^ to engage in a discussion, dispute 
Bona. i aptus. * dico " _ - .~ . - 

• pi. ' irrogo. ' multa 



' § 211, R. 8, (3.) 
pi. § 207, R. 28. 



» per- 
peto. ** forsitan. 



10. This is the only sentiment of 
the Academics, which none of 
the other philosophers approves. 

A passion for money is the 
only (thing) for which Vespasian 
\nay justly be censured. 



Hie Academicus sum 
unus sententia, qui rel- 
iquus philosophus nemo 
proho. 

Solus sum, in qui mer 
ltd culpo VespasianuF 
pecunia cupiditas. 



5 264. 



SUBJiJNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



227 



There is one thing of which 
religion, deeply seated in (our) 
minds, compels us specifically to 
complain, and (which) we wish 
you to hear, if you think proper. 

Lampido, the Lacedaemonian, 
is the only woman (that is) found 
in any age, who has been the 
daughter of a king, the wife of a 
king, and the mother of a king. 

* impers. 



Unus sum de qui nomi 
natim ego queror religio 
infixus animus cogo^ et tu 
audio, si ita videor", volo. 

Unus femina'' in omnis 
aevum Lampido Lacedae- 
monius reperio, qui rex 
filia, rex uxor, rex mater 
sum. 

§ 212. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It is worthy of remark*, that there was only one^ period of 
five years'" in which'^ no senator died. Lately* when I had 
spoken before-^ the centumviri, the recollection occurred^ 
(to me,) that, (as) a young man, I had pleaded^ in the same 
tribunal* ; my mind went-' further* ; I began to reckon up* 
whom I had had (as) associates in that trial"*, whom in this; 
I was the onli/ one"* who had spoken in both. 

^ notatus. * unus omnlno. " period of Jive years, quinquennium. 
'^ § 253. * proxime. / apud. ^ subeo. * ago. » judicium. J pro- 
cedo. * ultra. ' reputo. ^ causa. " only one, solus. 



12. The senate determined to 
destroy Carthage, more because 
the Romans were willing to be- 
lieve whatever was said respect- 
ing the Carthaginians, than be- 
cause (things) deserving of credit 
were related. 

Aspis, inhabiting a country full 
of defiles and fortified with cas- 
tles, not only did not obey the 
king's command, but was in the 
practice of plundering whatever 
was on its way to the king. 

Apelles exhibited his works in 
a shop, (when) finished to pass- 



, Magis quia volo Ro- 
man us, quisquis de Car- 
thaginiensis dico credo, 
quam quia credo" affero, 
statuo senatus Carthago 
excido. 

Aspis, saltuosus regio, 
castellumque munitus in- 
colens, non solum im- 
perium rex non pareo, 
sed etiam qui rex porta'' 
abripio. 

Apelles perfectus opus 
propono pergijla transi 



228 SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS. '^ 265 

srs by, and, concealing himself ens, atque post tabijla 
behind the picture, listened to latens, vitium qui note 
the faults which were remarked. ausculto. 

" § 274, E,. 8, (a.) * lit. was being conveyed^ \ 145, N. 3. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The elephants, though" they were drii^en with great 
delays" through the narrow roads, yet", wherever they went^\ 
rendered' the line of march^ safer^ fron- the enemy, because, 
being unaccustomed (to them,) they feared'' to approach* 
(them.) The mountaineers made attacks-^, now on the van'', 
now on the rear', whenever"^ either the ground" affordea 
(them) an advantage", or (men who) had advanced^ before 
or lagged behind', gave then &n opportunity^. The soldiers 
could neither unroir nor ?et up' any thing; nor did (that) 
which had been set up remain, the wind rending" and carry- 
ing every thing away". 

" sicut. ' sing. " ita. <^ incedo. * prsebeo. ^ the line of march, 
agmen. ^ pos. ^ lit. to (them) unacciistomed there was fear. » adeo, 
§ 275, III. R. 1. / irruo. * primum agmen. ^ novissTmus. "* ut- 
cunque. " locus. " opportunitas. ^ lit. having advanced before, <^c., 
progressus. ' moratus. *" occasio. * explico. * statuo. " per?^indo. 
" to carry away, rapio. 



SUBJUNCTIVE ^ INDIRECT QUESTIONS. 

<5> 265. Dependent clauses, containing an indirect 
question, take the .subjunctive. 

The Athenians sent to Delphi Atheniensis mitto Del- 

to inquire what they should do. phi consiilo" quisnam fa- 

cio. 

The ambassadors of Pyrrhus, Pyrrhuslegatus, pulsus 

being driven with their gifts from cum munus suus ah urhs, 

the city, acknowledged to their interrogans* rex s\i\xs,quis 

king, who asked them what they de hostis sedes sentio, 

bought concerning the abode of urbs* templum'' sui vide- 



^ 2fj5. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS. 



229 



their enemies, thai the city had 
seemed to them a temple, the 
senate a council of kings. 

The brothers Lydus and Tyr- 
rhenus, compelled by famine, are 
said to have cast lots which of the 
two should quit the country with 
a part of the population. The lot 
fell on Tyrrhenus, who sailed into 
Italy. 

It is uncertain whether it would 
have been more beneficial to the 
state that Caesar should be born 
or not be born. 

It is asked, why the most 
learned men disagree on the 
most important subjects. 

Learn what it is to live. 

It is uncertain what each day 
or night may bring. 

It is hard to tell what the rea- 
son is, why we are soonest alien- 
ated with a kind of disgust and 
satiety from those (things) which 
most stimulate our senses with 
pleasure. 



or, senatus rex concilium 
respondeo. 

Lydus et Tyrrhenus 
frater fames compulsua 
sortior dico, uter^ cum 
pars multitudo patria dis- 
cedo. Sors Tyrrhenus-'' 
contingo, qui in Italia 
perveho. 

In incertum sum utrum 
Caesar magis nascor res- 
publica prusuin^ an non 
nascor. 

Quaero, cur doctus ho- 
mo de magnus res di^- 
sentio. 

Disco, quis sum vivo. 

Quis quisque^ nox aut 
dies fero, incertus sum. 

Difficilis sum dico* 
quisnam causa sum^ cur 
is-^ qui maxTme sensus 
noster impello voluptas, 
ab is celeriter fastidium 
quidam et satietas aba* 
lieno. 



"■ § 276, II. ^ § 274, 3. ' § 272. ^ § 210. * § 212, Remark 2 
Note 1, (&.) / § 229. ^ perf. ^ § 205, R. 2, Exc. * § 276, 111 
- nom. § 323, 3, (5.) 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Cato one'* day brought an early'' fig from the province of 
Africa into the senate-house, and, showing (it) to the sen- 
ators", said, " I ask you when'^ you think this fruit* was 
taken-'' from the tree." I have told you^ what I fear, ichat 
V hope^y what I design^ for the future^ ; write to me'^, in 
return^ what you have done^ , what you arr doing, what you 
mean^ to do. You ask my advice", whether I think^ that you 
ought to plead' causes in (your) tribuneship : much depends 
20 



830 SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. § 266 

on'' what you think^ the tribuneship to be, an empty shadow 
or a sacred' magistracy". 

® quidam. ^ prsecox. " pater. '^ quando. * pomurn. ^ de- 
mo. ^ / have told you, habes. * opto. * destino. ■' for the fu- 
ture, in posterum. ^ pi. ^ invicem. *" ago. " volo. " you ask 
my advice, consulis. ^ existlmo. ' ago. '^ much depends oti, plu- 
rlmum refert. ® puto. ' sacrosanctus. " potestas. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 

§ 266, 1. When a dependent proposition contain- 
ing either an accusative with the infinitive, or a verb 
in the subjunctive, has a clause connected with it, as 
an essential part, either by a relative, a relative adverb, 
or a conjunction, the verb of the latter clause is put in 
the subjunctive. 

INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES CONNECTED WITH THE ACCUSATIVE 
AND INFINITIVE. 

They say that good men culti- Dico vir bonus is justi- 

vate that justice which is (really tia sequor qui sum, non 

justice,) not that which is re- is qui puto. 
puted (to be so.) 

Critias sent confidential per- Critias certus homo ad 

sons into Asia to Lysander to Lysander in Asia mitto, 

inform him, that unless he de- qui is certus" facio, nisi 

spatched Alcibiades, none of those Alcibiades sustollo, nihil 

things which he himself had es- is res fore ratus, qui ipse 

tablished at Athens could remain Athenae constituo. 
m force. 

I have heard some one say this, Audio hie dico quidam 

respecting certain orators to whom de quidam orator, ad qui 

he had carried his cause, that he causa suus defero, gra- 

who had refused him had been tus sui sum is qui nego 

more agreeable to him, than he quam ille^ qui recipio : 

who had undertaken the cause : sic homo frons" et oratio'' 

so much are men taken by looks magis quam ipse bene* 

and words, more than by substan- ficium resque capio. 
lal kindness. 

* comp. ^ ace. § 278. ' sing. 



§> 266. SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. *23l 

English to be turned into Latin. 



'■in 



Some think that Julius Caesar, having weighed'' his own* 
and (his) enemies"^ forces, availed himself'' of the occasion 
of seizing supreme power*, which he had coveted in early 
life A The camp of Alexander appeared to Darius (in his 
dream) to shine^ with a great effulgence'' of fire, and a little 
after Alexander (appeared) to be brought' to him in that 
fashion^ of dress in which he himself had been. Augustus 
frequently remarked'', that whatever^ was done well enough, 
was done quickly enough ; and that (those) pursuing"* 
trifling advantages" at no trifling risk", were like (men) 
fishing with a golden hook; the loss of which, (if) broken 
off^, could be compensated' by nothing which they could 
catch'". 

" pensitatus. ' § 208, & 211, Remark 3, (6.) « § -278, R. 2. 

<* to avail one's self, utor. * supreme power, dominatio. / early life, 
prima setas. ^ colluceo. '' fulgor, * adduce. ^habitus. ''fre- 
quently remarked, aiebat, § 145, II. 1. ' quisquis. "* sectans. " tri- 
fling advantages, minima commoda. ° discrimen. ^ abruptus. 
' penso. ' hy nothing which they cou'd catch, nulla captura. 

It is not to be denied*, that Hannibal as* much excelled'^ 
other commanders'^ in sagacity", as^ the Roman people sur- 
pass^ alP other nations'' in bravery*. I see that this has 
been the opinion^ of the wisest (men,) that law was neither 
devised* by the ingenuity' of men, nor is any"* decree" of 
the people, but [was) something" eternal, which governed^ 
the universe'. This is no new custom of the senate and 
Roman people, of thinking'^ that what is best is most noble. 
The sentiments-' of Zeno are of this nature*; that the wise 
(man)' is never influenced" by favor", (and) never pardons 
any man's"" fault"^ ; that wise (men) alone are beautiful, 
(even) if they are quite deformed^ ; rich, if they are com- 
pletely beggars^ ; kings, ly they live in slavery*^; and that 
he who has stolen a fowl*^, whm it was not necessary"", has 
committed no less an offence'^, than he who has strangled^" 
his father. Many (persons) hastily -^-^ believe, that he, ivho 
imitates the language^^ of the good, will also imitate their 
actions''''. I find that a double portico was constructed by 
Cn. Octavius*S near^-' the Flamiuian Circus, which (portico) 
was called Corinthian, from the brazen capitals of the 
columns. 



232 SUBJUNCTIVE IN IlMTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. '^i ^^^ 

** infitior, § 274, R. 8, 2d paragraph, last clause. * tanto, § 25G, R 
IG. « praesto. <* § 224, R. 5. * prudentia, § 250 -^ quanto. ^ an- 
tecedo. ^ cunctus. » fortitudo. •' sententia. ^ excogitatus 

' ingenium, pi. *" aliquis. " scitum. ° quidam. ^ rego. ' uni 
versus uiundus. '' puto, § 275, III. R. 1. * ejusmodi. ' § 272 
" nioveo. " gratia. "" any m/in, quisquam. ^ delictum, § 223, R. 2 
" distortus, sup. " completely beggars, mendicus, svp. ""^ to live in 
slavery, servitutem servire. '''' gallus gallinaceus. <* opus. '^^ has 
committed no less an offence, nee minus delinqut re. ®* sufFoco. ■^^ tem- 
ere. ^° oratio. ^^ factum. " § 248, 1. ^i ad. 



INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES CONNECTED WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE. 

Agesilaus, with great industry, made preparations for 
war"; and that* his soldiers might arm'^ themselves with more 
care*^, and equip* themselves in a more striking manner^, 
he proposed rewards with which they should bt presented^ , 
whose attention'' to this point' had been preeminent-'. How 
could Lacedaemon obtain* the enjoyment' of good kings, 
when whoever was born" of the royal family" must be re- 
garded" (as) king^ Darius gives orders^ to Mazaeus, that 
he should burn and lai/ waste'' the country'" which Alexander 
was going to enter^ ; for' he thought" (he) might be re- 
duced" by want of provisions", having nothing but"^ what he 
had secured^ by plundering^. Drusus said to his architect, 
" Do you arrange"^ my house so that whatever I do'''' may"" 
be ^een'''' by all (men.)" Piety towards God requires** that 
nothing should be demanded-^-^ of him which is unjust and 
di.^honorable*^. There is no doubt'''' that" i^hat is f\n\- 
mated-'-^, and has sense and reason, is better than (that) 
which is destitute}'' of these. The Sicilians say, that they 
implore the senators, that if all their goods'' cannot"'"' (be 
restored) to the owners, (those) at least may be restored, 
which can be recognized. 

* lit. prepared (apparo) war. ' quo. * passive, in a. middle or re- 
flexive sense, § 248, I. Remark 1, (2.) <^ with more care, studio- 
si s. * orno, pass. See vote '^ . f in a more strik'mg manner, insig 
ni, s. ^ orno, § 264, 5. ^ industria. * lit. in this thing. J egregius. 
'^ assoquor. ' lit. that they should cvjoy. utor. ^.])lup " sfenus 
' habeo. § 274, R. 8, & § 2^3. 5. ?' to give orders, mando. ^"tn hn. 
waste. popa\or. ''regie. * adeo, § 274, "R. 6. (^.) ' quippe. " credf) 
" debello. ^ laant of provisions, inopia. ^ nisi. ^ occupo. ^ ra 
pif). § 275, 111. R. 4. '^ conipnno. ^^ ago '"^ possum. '^^ per 
spicio^ * postulo. // expeto. ^^ inhonestus. '''^ lit. it is no 
douhtful. § 2(i2. R. 10,2. iJ anlmans. ^^ careo ^'§212 
R. 2, N. 4. ""' nequeo. 



§266. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



23b 



INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES CONNECTED BY RELATIVE ADA ERBS 
AND CONJUNCTIONS. 



The people loudly exclaim, 
that they are not willing to obey 
either one man or a lew ; that all 
are destitute of liberty, whether 
they serve a king or nobles. 

Scipio said that he knew this 
very well, that the Locrians, al- 
though they had deserved ill of 
the Roman people, would be in a 
better condition under the Ro- 
mans, (though) provoked, than 
they had been under the Cartha- 
ginians, (though) their friends. 

What is more honorable, than 
for an old man (who has) passed 
through (all) the offices and em- 
ployments of the state, to be able 
to say in his own right, what the 
Pythian Apollo says in Ennius, 
that he is one from whom, if not 
nations and kings, at least all his 
own citizens seek counsel for 
themselves? 



Magnus** vox clamo 
popQlus, neque sui unus 
neque paucus volo pareo ; 
libertas omnia cartOy she 
rex sive optimas servio. 

Scipio sui ille satis 
scio dico, Locrensis, etsi 
male de populus Roina- 
nus mereor, in bonus sta- 
tus sub iratus Romanus 
sum, quam sub amicus 
Carthaginiensis sum''. 

Quis sum prjficlarus, 
quam honor" etrespubli- 
ca raunus perfunctus se- 
nex possum suus jus dico 
idem, qui apud Ennius 
dico'' ille Pythius Apollo, 
sui sum is, unde sui, si non 
popiilus et rex, at omnis 
suus civis consilium ez- 
jjeto ? 



°- sup. >> § 266, 2. ' § 245, I. <* § 266, 1. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Magi maintain" that the sun is the (god) of the 
Greeks; the moon, of the Persians; that as often as^ she 
suffers eclipse', ruin and destruction'' are portended to that 
nation. 

The soldiers of Alexander saw^ that the sea raged the 
more furiously-^ as^ it rolled^ in a narrower space' betwe^ 
the island (of) Tyre and the main land-'. 

"■ affirmo. * as often as, quoties. "^ to svffer eclipse, deficio. <* stra 
ges. ' cerno. / the more furiously, hoc acrius. ^ quo. '' volute 
vass. * in a narrow s-pace, arctius. i contlnens. 
* 20 * 



'234 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN THE ORATIO OBLIQUA. 



§266 



<5> 266, 2. In the oratio obllqua, the main proposi- 
tion is expressed by the accusative with the infinitive • 
and dependent clauses connected with it by relatives 
and particles, take the subjunctive. 



Then at length Liscus dis- 
closes, vv^hat before he had con- 
cealed ; that there are some, 
whose authority is of very great 
weight with the common people, 
(and) who, (though) in a private 
station, have more power than the 
magistrates themselves. 

Aristotle says that certain small 
annuals are produced near the 
river Hypanis, which live (but) a 
single day. 

They say that Tarquin re- 
marked, that, being in exile, he 
had ascertained what faithful and 
what unfaithful friends he had 
had, since now he could make no 
return to either. 

The leaders of the barbarians 
ordered proclamation to be made, 
that no one should leave his sta- 
tion, (and) that whatever booty 
the Romans had left was theirs, 
and was reserved for them. 

R. 1. A response had been 
made to Pyrrhus by Jupiter of 
Dodona, that he should beware 
of the Acherusian waters and the 
city of Pandosia. 

R. 5. Themistocles informed 
Xerxes, that it was contemplated 
t# destroy the bridge'^, which he 
had made over the Hellespont. 



Tum demum Liscus, 
qui anteataceo, propono; 
sum nonnullus, qui auctor- 
itas apud plebs multum 
valeo, qui privatim mul- 
tus possum, quam ipse 
magistratus. 

Apud Hypanis fliivius 
Aristoteles aio bestiola 
quidam nasro, qui unus 
dies vivo. 

Tarquinius dico fero, 
exsulans sui intdligo, qui 
fidus amicus habeo, qui 
infidus, quum jam neuter 
gratia refero possum. 

Dux barbarus pronun- 
tio jubeo, ne quis ab lo- 
cus discedo*^ ; ille sum 
prcBda, atque \\\ereservo, 
quicunque Romanus re- 
linquo^. 

Pyrrhus a Dodonaeus 
Jupiter do dictio ; caveo" 
Acherusias aqua Pando- 
siaque urbs. 

Themistocles certus 
Xerxes facio, is ago, ul 
pons, qui ille in Helles- 
pontus facio, dissolvo. 



" R. 1. ^ R. 4. '^ fn the oratio directa, this would be cave, or ca- 
veas '^ Id. that the hridse should be destroyed. 



§ 266. SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



235 



§ 266, 3. A clause connected to another by a relative 
or by a causal conjunction takes the subjunctive, (whatever 
be the mood of the preceding verb,) when it contains not the 
sentiment or allegation of the writer, but that of some other 
person alluded to. 



This always seems strange to 
me in the discourse of learned 
men, that the persons who say 
they cannot steer in a calm sea, 
because they have never learned 
nor given themselves any concern 
to know, should yet profess that 
they will go to the helm, when 
the greatest waves are excited. 

When to these suspicions in- 
disputable facts were added, that 
he had led the Helvetii through 
the territory of the Sequani, (and) 
that he was accused by the magis- 
trates of the ^dui, C«sar thought 
there was sufficient reason why 
he should either punish him him- 
self or order the state to pun- 
ish. 

African us always had Xeno- 
phon, the disciple of Socrates, in 
his hands, and, above all things, 
praised this in him, that he said 
that the same labors are not 
equally severe to the commander 
and the soldier, because the hon- 
or Itself made the labor of the 
commander lighter. 

When Caligula was named 
an heir by persons unknown to 
him, along with their intimate 
friends, and by parents among 



Hie in homo doctus 
oratio ecro mirus videor 
soleo, quod qui tranquil- 
lus mare guberno sui ne- 
go° possum , qudd nee dis- 
co nee unquam satis euro, 
idem* ad gubernaciilum 
sui accedo profiteor", ex- 
citatus magnus fluctus"^. 

Q,uum ad hie suspicio 
certus res accedo% qudd 
per finis Sequani Helve- 
tii per^^iico, qudd a magis- 
tratus ^dui accuso, sa- 
tis sum causa ^, arbitror 
CaBsar, quare in is aut 
ipse animadverto, aut 
civitas animadverto ju- 
beo. 

Semper Africanus So- 
craticus Xenophon in 
manus habeo, qui^ in pri- 
mus laudo ille, quod di- 
co idem labor non sum 
seque gravis imperator et 
miles, qudd ipse honos 
labor levis facio impera- 
torius. 

Quum Caligiila ah ig- 
notus inter familiaris el 
a parens inter liberi he- 
res nunciipo, derlsor vo- 



236 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



§266 



their children, he said they mocked 
him, because they persisted in 
living after the naming. 

Not only the Africans could 
not be corrupted, but they even 
sent ambassadors to Lacedaemon 
to accuse Lysander of having en- 
deavored to corrupt the priests of 
the temple. 

The road from Apamea to 
Phrygia is through the country 
of Aulocrene ; a plane-tree is 
shown there, from which Marsyas 
is said to have been suspended 
(when) conquered by Apollo. 

The reason why the cuckoo 
puts her young under (other 
birds,) is supposed to be, because 
she knows that she is hated by all 
other birds. 



CO, quod post nuncupa- 
tio swo per sever 0. 

Non solijm corrumpo 
non possum Afer, sed 
etiam legatus Lacedae- 
mon mitto, qui Lysander 
accuso, quod sacerdos fa- 
num corrumpo conor. 

Ab Apamea in Phrygia 
per regio Aulocrene eo''; 
ibi ostendo platanus ex 
qui pendeu^ Marsyas, ab 
Apollo victus. 

Causa coccyx subjicio'^ 
pullus sum puto qudd 
scio sui invisus cunctus 
avis. 



'^ § 266, 1. 
/ § 212, R. 4. 
III.R. 1. 



6 § 207, R. 27. ' § 273, 5. ^ § 257. 



§ 263, 5. 



gen. ^ § 248, I. R. 1. * act. subj. perf. J §275, 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We have heard of extraordinary* kinds of birds in the 
Hercynian forest'', whose plumage shines'^ in the night* like 
fire-^. Augustus broke the legs of Thallus^, his amanuensis'", 
because he had received five hundred denarii for having be- 
trayed a letter^ It seems strange^' that'' a diviner does not 
laugh when he sees (another) diviner. Plato calls' pleasure 
a bait, because"* men are caught by it, as fishes by the hook. 
No one despises", or hates, or shuns pleasure itself, because 
it is pleasure, but because great sufferings" attend'' on those 
who do not know (how) to pursue pleasure in a rational 
manner'. 



* accipio. * inusitatus. " saltus. <^ colluceo. ' pi. f like fire, 
ignium modo. ^ § 211, R. 5, 1. ''a manu. ^ for having betrayed a 
letter, pro epistolA prodita, § 274, R. 5, (a.) ./ mirabilis. * § 273, 5. 
' appelio. *" quod videlicet. " aspernor. " dolor. ^ consequor 
' a rational manner , ratio. 



§267. 



IMPERATIVE MOOD. 



237 



IMPERATIVE MOOD. 



§ 167, The imperative mood is used to express a 

3nmraand, wish, advice, or exhortation. 



Begin, Damaetas. 

Sing, O Muses. 

Practise justice and piety. 

Let industry be praised. 

Let crimes be punished. 

Doubt, even now, judges, if 
you are able, by whom S. Ros- 
cius was slain. 

Remove far hence, ye profane, 
and retire from the whole grove. 

O Jupiter ! preserve, I beseech 
(thee,) these blessings for us. 

Conscript fathers, by the majes- 
ty of the Roman people, aid an 
unfortunate man ; oppose injus- 
tice. 

There is great efficacy in the 
virtues ; arouse these, if per- 
chance they slumber. 

The god says to Semele, 
"Choose (for yourself;) you shall 
suffer no refusal. And that you 
may the more believe (this,) let 
the divinity of the Stygian flood 
also be witness." 

Let kings be honored. 

Be ye advised. 

Let the first victor have a steed 
adorned with trappings. 

Send ye a present to the Pythi- 
an Apollo, (and) keep yourselves 
from licentious joy. 

R L Do no violence to Ceres. 



Incipio, Damaetas. 

Dicu, Musa. 

Justitia colo et pietas. 

Laiido indu stria. 

Punio crimen. 

D ubito Q\\dt.\T\ nunc, ju- 
dex, si possum, a qui S 
Roscius occido'*. 

Procul O, procul sum 
profanus, totusque absis- 
to lucus. 

O Jupiter ! servo, ob- 
secro, hie ego bonum. 

Pater conscriptus, per 
majestas populus Roma- 
nus subvenio miser ; eo 
obviam injuria''. 

Magnus vis sum in vir- 
tus ; is excito, si forte 
dormio. 

Semele Deus, ** El- 
igo,'^ aio ; " nullus patior 
repulsa. Q,uoque magis 
credo, Stygius quoque 
conscius sum numen" tor- 
rens." 

Rex honoro. 

3Ione.o. 

Primus equus phalera 
insignis victor habeo. 

Pythius Apollo donum 
mitto, lascivia a tu pro- 
hibeo. 

Tu ne nidlo Ceres. 



238 IMPERATIVE MOOD. <5> ^67 

Trust not too much to beauty. Nimium ne credo co- 
lor. 

Do not, I beseech you, despond Quaeso, animus'* ne 

in mind. despondeo. 

Let there be no hinderance to Ne quis meus sum die- 

my orders ; nor let any one pro- tum mora ; neve quis oh 

ceed more slowly on account of inceptum subitus ego*,~ 

the suddenness of my enterprise, segnis eo. 

R. 3. Regard nothing else, ex- Facio, ne quis alius 

cept to recover your health as per- euro, nisi ut quam com- 

fectly as possible. mode convalesco. 

Beware of doing it : o?', Do it Caveo facio. 
not. 

Do not wish for that which Nolo is volo, qui facio 

cannot be done. non possum. 

Take care of your health. Cura, ut valeo. 

* § 265. b § 228. ' pi. d ace. * § 211, R. 5, (1.) 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Let king Antiochus and" the Roman people have'' peace 
on these conditions^ Let him depart^ from the cities, fields, 
villages, (and) fortresses' on this side of Mount -^ Taurus as 
far as to^ the river ^ Tanais. Let there be high priests'* for 
all the gods (and) particular priests' for each: and let the 
Vestal virgins in the city guards the eternal'^ fire. It is not 
enough' that poems be'" beautiful" : let them be delightful", 
and impel the mind of the hearer in whatever way^ (th^y) 
please. At the river-^ RubTcon, CfEsar said, " Let us ad- 
vance' whither the prodigies^ of the gods and the injustice* 
of (our) enemies call (us.) Let the die becast'.'^ Come"' as 
soon as possible". Have"" great courage"^, and good hope. 
Do not'' judge, O Lupus, from our silence^, what we either 
approve""" or disapprove. 

" cum, § 249, III. i sum, § 226. <= lex. '^ excedo. ' castel- 
lum. ^ § 279, 9. ^ as far as to, usque ad. ^ pontifex. ' a partic- 
ular prirst, flamen J custodio. '' sempiternus. ^ it is not enough. 
non est satis. "* § 269. " pulcher. ° dulcis ^ in whatever icay, 
quocunque. ' let vs advance, eatur. '' ostentum. * iniquTtas. ' /e^ 
the die be cast, jacta alea esto. " cura ut venias. ^ as soon as pas 
sible, quam priiULlm. '^ fac, &c. § 262, R. 4. ' animus. ^ noli, &<» 
' taciturnltas. '^ § 265. 



5 268. 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



231 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



Soleo diu cogito omnis, 
qui magnus negotium* 



volo ago. 



Pelopidas non dubito, 



§ 268, 2. The tenses of the infinitive denote re- 
spectively an action as present, past, or fntuie, in 
reference to the time of the verbs with which they are 
connected. 

All (men) are wont to meditate 
long, who wish to transact im- 
portant business. 

Pelopidas did not hesitate to 

engage as soon as he saw the simul ac conspicio hostis, 

enemy. confiigo. 

We shall seek that that, which Pustulo ego ille, qui 

IS doubtful, be granted to us, dubius sum, concedo. 

It is very often said by the A Milo inimicus saBpe 

enemies of Milo, that the senate dico, casdes, in qui P. 

have decided the slaughter, in Clodius occido* senatus 

which P. Clodius fell, to have judico, contra respublica 

been committed against the state, facia. 

It was reported, that the temple Diana Ephesius fanum 

of the Ephesian Diana had been communiter acivTtas Asia 

jointly erected by the cities of facio, fama fero". 
Asia. 

Most persons love those friends Plerusque amicus ia 

best, from whom they hope that potissTmum dilTgo, ex qui 

they shall receive the greatest ad- spero sui magnus fructue 

vantage. capio. 

The Britons promised that Britannus, obses do^ 

rhey would give hostages and quique Caesar impero* 

would do what Csesar should siii facio polliceor. 
command. 

Let each one cease to trust Desino^ elatus quis- 

in high things; death levels all q u am co/z/*Jo res ; omnis 

things. mors sequo. 

R. 1. I remember that I heard Ego Athenae audio ex 

at Athens from my (friend) Phse- Phaedrus mens memini 

drus, that Gellius had assembled Gellius Athenae philoso- 

all the philosophers at Athens phus in unus locus con- 

into one place. voco. 

Do you not remember that you Nonne memini clam* 

exclaimed that all was lost? tu, omnis pereo? 



C40 



INFINITIVF, MOO'.) 



§26S. 



I remember that Q,. Scaevola 
the augur, when he was very far 
advanced in age, daily afforded 
opportunity to all of visiting 
hiin. 

I remember that I far preferred 
Demosthenes to all. 

I remember that I when absent, 
and my (friends) when present, 
were defended by you. 

You remember that, in the con- 
sulship of Cotta and Torquatus, 
many things in the Capitol were 
struck with lightning. 

R. 2. We have a decree of the 
senate, Catiline, according to 
which it is meet that you should 
he immediately put to death. 

It is not enough to censure him 
who has done wrong, if you do not 
show the right way. 

R. 3. Cato declares that while 
he lives Pontinius shall not tri- 
umph. 

The Nervii said that they would 
do (the things) which were com- 
manded. 

R. 4, (h.) Caesar perceived 
that it would be with great danger 
lo the Province, to have warlike 
men, the enemies of the Roman 
people, bordering upon an acces- 
sible country and (one) abound- 
ing greatly in corn. 

Pompey had declared that, be- 
fore the armies should enanore, 
Caesar's army would be beaten. 



Ego Q,. ScaL'vola augur 
memoria teiieo, ciim sum 
summus senectus% quo- 
tidie facio omnis con- 
venio-^ sui potestas. 

Recordor longe omnis 
unus antefero Demosthe- 
nes. 

Et ego absens, et meus 
praesens a tu defench/ 
memini. 

Memoria teneo, Cotta et 
Torquatus consul, com- 
plures in Capitol ium res 
de ccBlum percutio. 

Habeo senatus consul- 
turn, qui ex senatus con- 
sultum confestim tu inter- 
Jicio, Catilina, convenit. 

Non satis sum repre- 
hendo peccans, si non do- 
ceo rectum'' via. 

Cato affirmo, sui' vivus 
Pontinius non triumpho. 

Nervii, qui impero', 
facio dico. 

Cfpsar intelligo, mag- 
nus cum Provincia peric- 
ulum sum ut homo belii- 
cosus, populus Roman us 
inimicus, locus" parens 
maxTmeque frumentariu? 
finitinms haheo. 

Pompeius dico, prius- 
quam concurro acies, 
fore, uti exercTtus Caesar 
pello. 



<-pL pass. "act. imp. <^ §260, Rem. 4. * ^ 247. •/ §275, IJ. 
» verf. ' gen ' § 257, R. 7. ' § 266, 1. ^ 260, R. 6. 



•^ 269. 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS A SUBJECT. 



24J 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS A SUBJECT. 

<§» 269. The infinitive, either with or without a sub- 
ject-accusative, may be the subject of a verb. 



Not to show gratitude for favors 
aS base, and is so esteemed amonof 
all men : not to love one's parents 
IS impiety. 

To be shipwrecked, to be over- 
urned in a carriage, though se- 
vere, are uncommon accidents; 
n>an (is) in daily danger from his 
fellow-man. 

It is disgraceful to say one 
thing and think another ; how 
much more disgraceful to write 
one thing and think another! 

To speak beautifully and ora- 
torically is nothing else than to 
use the best sentiments and 
choicest words. 

To put a stop to the corre- 
spondence of absent friends, what 
is it but to take from life the 
social intercourse of life ? 

R. 1. Deny, if you will, that 
(you) have received money. 

Publius Decius said it seemed 
to him in (his) sleep, that while 
he was engaged with the enemy, 
(he) fell with very great glory. 



Non refero beneficium 
gratia" et sum turpis, et 
apud omnis habeo : pa- 
rens suus non amu impius 
sum. 

Rarus sum casus, eti- 
amsi gravis, naufragium 
facio, vehiciilum everto : 
ab homo homo^ pericu- 
lum quotidianus. 

Turpis sum alius lo- 
quor, alius sentio ; quan- 
tus turpis alius scribo, 
alius sentio ! 

Nihil sum alius pul- 
chre et oratorie dico, nisi 
bonus sententia verbum- 
que lectus dico. 

Quis sum alius folio e 
vita vita societas, quam 
tollo amicus colloquiun) 
absens ? 

Nego sane, si volo, pe- 
cunia accipio". 

P. Decius dico, sui in 
somnus*" video, cum in 
medius hostis versor, oc- 
cido cum magnus gloria. 



« />L 6 § 226. <^ See also § 239, R. 2. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

To jlee when our country is invaded" is base. To restrain^ 
our tongue is not the least virtue. It is pleasant" to see the 
sun. Alas ! how difficult it i? not to betray crime in thfl 
21 



242 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS A SUBJECT. 



J 269, 



countenance'' ! To excel in knowledge is honorable ; but 
to be ignorant is base. It is one-^ (thing) to speak in Latin^, 
(but) another to speak grammatically. To die^ bravely is 
more honorable* than to live basely. It is easy to oppress an 
innocent (man.) 



* oppugno. * compesco. '^ jucundus. 
^ Latine. * emorior. * nobilis. 



§247. • pulcher. / alms 



R. 2* Within about twelve 
years, more than twelve Metelli 
were consuls or censors, or tri- 
umphed; so that it appears that 
the fortune of families now flour- 
ishes, now declines, now perishes, 
like that of cities and empires. 



It is agreed among all that 
liberty is not due to Modestus, 
because it has not been given. 

There is reason to believe that 
the world and all things which it 
contains have been created for 
the sake of man. 

R. 3. Theophrastus robbed 
virtue of its ornament, because 
he denied that to live happily de- 
pended upon it. 



Intra duodecim ferme 
annus, consul sum Metel- 
lus, aut censor aut trium- 
pho amplius duodecim ; 
utflpj^are^quemadmodum 
urbs imperiumque, ita 
gens fortuna nunc Jloreo, 
nunc senesco, nunc m- 
tereo. 

Convenit inter omnis 
non libertas Modestus 
deheo, quia non do*. 

Credibilis sum homo 
causa facio mundus qui- 
que in is sum omnis. 

Theophrastus spolio 
virtus suus decus, quod 
nego, in is pono beate 
vivo. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

It is true that friendship can not exist except between 
the good. If it is not'' understood how great the force of 
friendship and harmony is'^, it may he learned^ from dissen- 
sion* and discord*: for what family (is) so firm-^ that it 
cannot be^ utterly^ overthrown* by animosities-^ and quar- 
rels* ? It is just '■ that the victor should spare the vanquished. 
It is evident"^ that laws were invented for" the safety of 
the citizens. It is necessary" that a law should he brief, 
that it may the more easily be remembered^ by the 
igno^ant^ 



§270. 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS AN OBJECT. 



•243 



" § 266, 3. ^ if it is not, si minus. "^ § 265. ^ percipio. ' pL. 
stabilis. ^ § 264. ^ funditus. » everto. J odium. ^ dissidium 
aeqaum. "* constat. " ad. " oportet. ^ teneo. ' imperitus. 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS AN OBJECT. 

<§» 270. The infinitive, either with or without a sub- 
ject-accusative, may be the object of a verb. 



Habit teaches to endure labor. 

Epaminondas was taught by 
Dionysius to sing to the sound 
of stringed instruments. 

The Gauls learned from the 
Greeks to surround cities with 
walls. 

The good through love of vir- 
tue hate to do wrongr. 

R. 1. The city was afflicted, 
beinor unaccustomed to be van- 
quished. 

Aorricola was accustomed to 
obey, and taught to consult util- 
ity as well as glory. 

Each prince possessed the 
highest excellence ; one was wor- 
thy to be elected, the other to elect. 

R. 2. That, in the first place, 
I should not have been with Pom- 
pey, and in the second place, 
with the best (citizens?) 

That you, Attius, should say 
this, (who are) possessed of so 
much wisdom ? 

Wretch that I am ! that you 
should have incurred such mis- 
fortunes on my account ! 

The name of one of the con- 
suls, though nothing else dis- 
n'easel them, was offensive to 



Fero labor consuetudo 
doceo. 

Epaminc-iuas canto ad 
chorda sonus doceo a 
Dionysius. 

A Graecus Gall us urbs 
mcEuia cingo disco. 

Odi pecco bonus virtus 
amor. 

Mcestus civitas sum, 
vinco insuetus. 

Agricola sum peritus 
obsequor, eruditusqae u- 
tilis honestus misceo. 

Uterque princeps bo- 
nus sum; dignusf\we alter 
eUgo, alter eligo. 

Ego non primum cum 
Pompeius, deinde ciitii 
bonus sum ? 

Tune hie, Attius, dico, 
talis prudentia praedT- 
tus? 

Ego miser ! tu in tan- 
tus aerurnna propter ego 
incido ! 

Consul alter, quum 
nihil alius offendo, no- 
men invTsus civTtas sura 



244 



INFINITIVE WITHOUT A SUBJECT. 



§271 



the state. That the Tarquins 
had been too long used to domi- 
nation ; that it had beo-un with 
Priscus ; tliat after that Servius 
TuUius had reigned; that the 
Tarquins did not know how to 
live as private citizens. 

R. 3. The people commanded 
Tullus Hostilius (to be made) 
king. 



Nimium Tarquinius reg- 
num assuesco ; initium a 
Priscus facio ; regno de- 
inde Servius Tullius ; 
nescio Tarquinius pri 
vatus vivo. 

Tullus Hostilius popu- 
lus rex jubeo. 



INFINITIVE WITHOUT A SUBJECT. 

§ 271. The infinitive without a subject accusative 
is used after verbs denoting ability ^obligation, intention, 
or endeavor ; after verbs signifying to begin, continue, 
cease, abstain, dare, fear, hesitate, or be wont ; and after 
the passive of verbs of saying, believing, reckoning, &c, 



CjEsar makes haste to depart 
from the city. 

Pelopidas did not hesitate to 
ena^age as soon as he saw the 
enemy. 

The full moon used to produce 
the greatest tides in the ocean. 

You are said to be the real 
father of your country. 

Demosthenes is said to have 
carefully perused Plato. 

The plays of Terence were 
thought, on account of the ele- 
gance of (their) diction, to be 
written by C. Laelius. 

The bridge over the Iberus was 
reported to have been nearly fin- 
ished. 

The Hyperboreans are said to 
be beyond the Amazons. 

Pythagoras is ascertained to 
have come to Sybaris and Cro- 



Caesar maturo ab urhs 
projlriscor. 

Pelopidas non dvhito 
simul ac conspicio hostii^ 
conjligo. 

Luna plenus gestus 
magnus in oceanus effiiio 
consuesco. 

Verus patria dico sum 
pater. 

Lectito Plato studiose 
Demosthenes dico. 

Terentius fabella prop- 
ter elegantia sermo piito 
a C. Laelius scribo. 

Pons in Iberus prope 
efficio nuntio. 

Ultra Amazon Hyper 
boreus sum memoro. 

Regnans Lucius Tar 
quinius Superbus Sybaris 



§271. 



INFINITIVE WITHOUT A SUBJECT. 



245 



tone in the reign of Lucius Tar- 
quinius Superbus. 

Let not the wicked presume to 
appease the gods by gifts. 

Cities could neither have been 
built nor inhabited without the 
assembly of men. 

I desire to know what you 
think of these things. 

R. 2. Miltiades, having been 
long engaged in commands and 
magistracies, appeared unable to 
be a private (citizen,) especially 
as he seemed to be drawn by 
habit to the desire of command. 

Silius Italicus was lately re- 
ported to have put an end to (his) 
life, on his Neapolitan (estate,) 
by abstinence from food. 

R. 3. I wish to be a judge, not 
a teacher. 

Timoleon chose rather to be 
loved than feared. 



et Croton Pythagoras ve- 
nio reperio. 

Donum impius ne pla- 
ce aucleo deus. 

Urbs sine homo coetus 
non possum nee cBdifico 
nee frequento. 

Q,uis de is cogito, scio 
volo. 

Miltiades, multum in 
imperium magistratusque 
versatus, non videor pos- 
sum sum privatus, prae- 
sertim quum consuetudo 
ad imperium cupiditas 
traho videor. 

Modo nuntio Silius 
Italicus in Neapolitanus 
suus iiiedia vita finio. 

Judex ego sum, non 
doctor volo. 

Timoleon malo sui dil- 
igo quam metuo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I loish both to he and to he considered'^ grateful, ^lius 
wished to he a Stoic, but he neither was nor aimed^ to he an 
orator. Clodius desires'' to he made tribune of the people. 
I had rather he in health'^ than to he rich. I hegin to he 
troublesome to you. It loas reported^ to Afranius, that 
large companies-^, who were on their way^ to Caesar, had 
halted at the river. The Bructeri formerly came'' next to 
the Tencteri ; now it is said that the Chamavi and the An- 
grivarii have entered in^. It is related^ , that the Venus, who 
is called Astarte, married Adonis. Our (friend) Calvus 
wished to he called'^ an Attic orator. 



* habeo. * studeo. " cupio. '^ to be in health, valco. * nun- 
tio. / comitatus. ^ to be on the way, iter habeo. * occurro, imp. 
• to enter in, imigro. ^ prodo. * Rem. 4. 

21 * 



246 



INFINITIVE WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. 



§272. 



THE INrmiTIVE WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. 

y 

§ ^ys. The infinitive with a subject-accusative fol- 
lows verbs of sayings thinkings knowings perceivings and 
the like. 



/ Thou knowest that I love Scio ego amo verum. 

truth. 
Do not forget that thou art 



> 



Caesar. 



^ Poets feign that Briareus had a 
hundred arms and fifty heads. 



4 



Publius Scipio used to say, 
that he was never less idle than 
when idle, nor less alone than 
when he was alone. 



S 



(o 



1 



Alexander ordered the tomb 
3f Cyrus to be opened. 

They say that Socrates replied 
to some one who complained 
that his foreign travels had done 
him no good, "Not without rea- 
son has this happened to you, 
for you travelled with yourself." 

They say that there was a cer- 
tain Myndarides of the city of 
the Sybaritae, who, having seen 
(a man) digging and lifting his 
s^nade rather high, complained 
that he was made weary, and for- 
bade him to do that work in his 
presence. 



Nolo ohliviscor tu sum 
Caesar. 

Poeta Jingo Briareus 
Jiabeo centum brachium 
et quinquaginta caput. 

Publius Scipio dico 
soleo, nunquam sui mi- 
ntis otiosus sum quam 
cum otiosus, nee minijs 
solus quam cum solus 
sum. 

Sepulcrum Cyrus ape- 
rio Alexander jM^eo. 

Socrates querens qui- 
dam, quod nihil sui per- 
egrinatio prosum re~ 
spondeo fero, ** Non 
immerito hoc tu evenio, 
tucum enim peregrinor." 

Myndarides aio sum, 
ex Sybaritse civTtas, qui 
quum video fodiens, et 
alte rastrum allevans, las- 
sus sui facto questus, ve- 
to is ille opus in con- 
spectus SUMS f ado. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Hesiod says*^ that no* planter*" of an olive has ever en- 
joyed^ the fruit from it ; so slow a business was it then, but 



§ 273. INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTE I THAT. 247 

now they are planted* in nursery-beds^, and, after trans- 
planting^, their berries are gathered in the second'' year. 
Suppose"^ that some one is now becoming a philosopher^, (but) 
as yet is not'^ (one,) what system' shall he choose in prefer- 
ence to all others"* ? 



nego. 



quisquam. 



sator. 



percipio. 



sero. ^ a nursery- 



6erf, pLantarium. ^ lit. the berries of the transplanted {olives.) ^ § 120, 
1 . * fingo. J sapiens. * not as yet, nondum. ' disciplina. *" in 
preference to all others, potissimura. 



INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THAT. 

<§> 273. When the particle that, in English, intro- 
duces a clause denoting a purpose, object, or result, it is 
a sign of the subjunctive in Latin, and is to be ex- 
pressed by ut, (fee. ; but otherwise it is usually the sign 
of the accusative with the infinitive. 



1. If virtue can produce this 
effect, thai one be not miserable, 
it would more easily cause that he 
be most happy ; for there is less 
difference between a happy and a 
very happy (man,) than between 
a happy and a miserable (man). 

The sun causes every thing to 
flourish, and grow to maturity, in 
its respective kind. 

Chrysippus has neatly said, as 
(he has said) many things, that 
he wtio runs in a stadium ought 
to strive and contend, as much as 
he can, to conquer, but ought 
by no means to trip up him with 
whom he is contending. 

Every virtue attracts us to it- 
self, and makes us love those in 
whom it appears to be found. 



Si possum virtus efficio, 
ne miser altquis sum, fa- 
cile efficio ut beatus sum ; 
parvus enim intervallum* 
sum a beatus ad beatus, 
quam a miser ad beatus. 

Sol efficio ut omnis^o- 
reo, et in suus quisque 
genus pubesco. 

Scite Chrysippus, ut 
multus, " Q,ui stadium 
ciirro," inquam, *' enitor 
et contendo debeo quam 
maxTme possum ut vinco, 
supplanto is quicum cer- 
to nullus m.odus debeo " 

Omnis virtus eofo ad 
sui allicio,/<7«Vyque, ut is 
diligo, in qui ipse insum 
videor*. 



§ 212. 6 § 266, 1. 



848 INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THAT. ^ 273 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Scarcely ever" can a parent prevail on himself^ to conquer^ 
nature, so as*^ to banish* love towards his children from 
(his) mind. I arrived at Rome on the fifth day-^ before the 
Ides of December^, and made it my first business^ to have 
an interview with Pansa% from whom I heard such^ (news) 
of you as*' I was most desirous' (to hear.) If you sail"* im- 
mediately, you will overtake" me° at Leucas ; but, if you 
wish to recruit^ yourself, take particular care,'^ that you have 
a proper'' ship. 

* nunquam fere. ^ to prevail on one's self, induce animum. " vin- 
co. '^ sous, ut. ® ejicio. -^ § 326, 2, (8.) ^ adj. * and made it my 
first business, nee habui quidquam antiquius quam. ' to have an inter 
view with Pansa, ut Pansara conveniam. J is. '' relative. ' to be 
most desirous, maxime opto. *" navigo. ^ consequor. ° pi. ^ con- 
firmo. ' take particular care, diligenter videbis. '" idoneus. 



2. It is the impulse of nature, Natura impello, ut ho- 

that human society should study mo coetus studeo ^«ro is, 

to procure those things, which qui suppedito et ad cultus 

suffice for refinement and for sup- et ad victus. 
port. 

If we are not induced to be Si non ipse honestum 

honest men by the beauty of vir- moveo, ut bonus vir S7im, 

tue itself, but by some benefit and sed utilitas aliquis ac 

profit, we are not honest, but fructus, calidus sum, non 

cunning. bonus. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We have not ceased" to admonish Pompey to avoid^ this 
great disgrace", but he has left room neither for our prayers 
nor admonitions. I have very lately'' written a book on the 
best style* of oratory-'', which I will tell your (servants) to 
copy^ and send you. When the Athenians had sent to Del- 
phi to consult'' what' they should do respecting their affairs, 
the Pythia answered that they should fortify themselves 
with \\ ooden walls. Caesar had strictly- charged'' Treboni- 
us not to suffer the town to be taken' by storm". Caesai 



S273. 



INFINITIVE AND SLliJUN<:TIV l: AFTER THAT. 



249 



charges Volusenus, when he had explored" every thing, to 
return to him as soon as possible". / will give, as a first 
precept^ to him whom I am instructing', carefully'" and thor- 
oughly to make himself acquainted' with whatever causes he 
is going to plead'. Piso dared to make proclamation'* that 
the senate should resume^ their (ordinary) dress. A pesti- 
lence attacking"" the city, compelled the senate to command'^ 
the decemvirs to inspect the Sibylline books. The dictator 
commanded the tribunes of the soldiers that they should or- 
d':r^ the baggage to be collected into one (heap.) 

" desisto. ^ fugio. " infamia. ^ very lately, proxime. ' ofenus. 
f dico, ger. ^ descrlbo. * § 276,11. * quisnam. / raagnopere 
^ mando. ^ expugno. "* vis. " § 257, R. 5, (a.) " as soon as possi- 
ble, qnkm ipnmum.. P I zoill give as a first precept, hoc priiniun prae- 
cipiam. ' instituo. *" diligenter. * to make ones self acquainted, 
cognosco. * ago. " edico. * redeo ad. ^ adortus. * impero. 
^ jubeo. 



4. Those who gave to Greece 
the forms of her republics, wished 
the bodies of her youths to be 
strengthened by toil. 

When I have praised some one 
of your friends to you, I shall 
wish him to know from you that I 
have done it. 

I wish you would answer me, 
whether any, except you, of the 
whole college, dared to propose 
the law. 



Ille (jui GrsBcia forma 
respublTca do, corpus ju 
venis^rmo labor volo 

Q,uum alTquis apud tu 
laudo tuus familiaris, vo- 
lo ille scio ex tu ego is 
facio. 

Volo uti ego respon 
deo, numquis ex totus 
collegium lex audeo fero 
praeter unus tu. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I loill never wish" from the gods, O Romans, for the sake* 
of lessening" my own odium'', that you should hear" that L. 
Catiline is leading an army of enemies; but (yet) you will 
hear (it) in three days. Caligiila wished^ that the Roman 
people had' (but) one neck. Nature does not allmo that we 
should increase^ our own means'" by the spoils of others. 
Augustus did not alloiv himself to be called' sovereign even-' 
by his children or grandchildren 



250 



PARTICIPLES 



§274 



* opto. * causa. '^ levo. ^ invidia. * smJ;. 
* facultas. * inf. i § 279, 3, {d.) 



imp. 



augec 



5. I am sorry that you are dis- 
pleased. See also N. 7. 

I rejoice that my conduct is 
approved by you. 

N. 9. Between giving and re- 
ceiving there is a great difference- 

With what fault do you charge 
(me,) except that (1) love? 

"" ind. ^ inf. 



Dolet ego, quod stom 
achor*. 

Meus {cicinm proho^ abs 
tu, gaudeo. 

Multus inteisum inter 
do et accipio. 

Qui crimen dico, prce- 
ter amo, meus? 



PARTICIPLES. 



§ 274. Participles are followed by the same cases 
and constructions as their verbs. 



I. Cicero, being informed of 
every (particular) by the ambas- 
sadors, gives command to the 
pretors. 

The Latin legions, having 
been taught, by their long alli- 
ance, the Roman mode of war- 
%re, held out for some time. 

While reading my (writings) 
exercise your own judgment. 

Mummius was an impressive 
speaker, but inclined to avoid not 
only the labor of speaking, but 
even of thinking. 

Law is right reason, command- 
ing what is right, and prohibiting 
the contrary. 

Having burnt the temple of 
Jupiter, Greatest and Best, Vitel- 
ius, repenting of the deed, laid 
he blame upon others. 



Cicero, per legatus 
cunctus" edoctus, praetor 
impero. 

Aliquamdiu Latinus le- 
gio, longus societas militia 
Romanus edoctus, resto*. 

Noster^ legens utor 
tuus judicium. 

Mummius sum argutiif 
orator, sed fugiens non 
modo dico*", verum etiam 
cogito" labor. 

Lex sum rectus ratio, 
imperans honestus'^, pro- 
Mbens contrarius'^. 

Succensus templum 
Jupiter Bonus Magnus, 
Vitellius, pcBnitens fac- 
tum, in alius culpa con- 
fero 



v> 274. 



PARTICIPLES. 



251 



How wretched is the bondage 
of virtue in slavery to pleasure ! 

Of animals some are destitute 
of reason, others possess it. 

Alexander, being about to ap- 
proach the confines of Persia, 
committed the city of Susa to 
Archelaus. 

Vercingetorix, being accused 
of treachery, replied to all the 
accusations. 

We ought to cherish not the 
body only, but also much more 
the mind and soul. 

We shall need to make use of 
Greek terms. 

Eudoxus is of opinion that the 
Chaldees are by no means deserv- 
ing of credit. 

No wise man ever supposed 
that we ought to trust a traitor. 

Every one must make use of 
his own judgment. 

The property of many Roman 
citizens is at stake, for whom you 
are bound to consult. 

Let these leaders at length con- 
fess, that both themselves and 
others must yield obedience to 
the authority of the whole Roman 
people. 

2. I saw Cato sitting in the 
library surrounded with many 
books of the Stoics. 

Tiresias, whom the poets 
represent as a wise (man,) they 
never introduce lamenting his 
blindness. 

Vitellius advised the senate to 
send ambassadors ^o Flavius Sa- 



Q,uam miser sum vir- 
tus famulatus serviens vo* 
luptas ! 

Animal alius ratio ex- 
pers sum, alius ratio 
utens. 

Alexander, Persis^/ii.s- 
aditurus, Susa" urbs 
Archelaus trado. 

Vercingetorix, proditio 
insimuldtuSj ad omnis cri- 
men respondeo. 

Non corpus solum sub- 
venio, sed mens atque ani- 
mus multus maoris. 

Graecus utor vocahu- 
lum. 

Eudoxus sic opinor, 
ChaldcBus minime credo 

Nemo unquam sapiens 
proditor credo puto. 

Suus (\ms,(\\ie judicium 
utor. 

Ago bonum multus ci- 
vis, qui a tu consulo. 

Aliquando iste prin- 
ceps, et sui et ceterus, 
popiilus Romanus uni- 
versus auctoritas pareo 
fateor. 

Cato video in biblio- 
theca sedens, mulUis cir- 
cumfusus Stoicus liber. 

Tiresias, qui sapiens 
fingo poeta, nunquam 
indiico deplorans caecitas 
suus. 

Vitellius suadeo sena- 
tus, ut ad Flavius Sa- 



252 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274. 



binus to sue for peace, or at least 
for time to deliberate. 

Alexander (when) dying had 
given his ring to Perdiccas. 

R. 4. Hold this as certain, that 
nothing could have come into be- 
ing without a cause. 

The Sicilians have recourse to 
my aid, which they haye long 
proved and known. 

The Romans have larcre sums 
of money invested in Asia. 

I wish you to be relieved from 
domestic care. 

The war being ended, it was 
ordered that the legions should 
be discharged. 

I will find him out and bring 
him to you. 

I will do this for you. 

R. 5. Nothing was so per- 
nicious to the Lacedaemonians 
as the abolition of the discipline 
of Lycurgus, to which they had 
been accustomed for seven hun- 
dred years. 

duinctius Flamininus came 
as ambassador to king Prusias, 
whom both the reception of Han- 
nibal, and the stirring up of a war 
against Eumenes, had rendered 
suspected by the Roman people. 

Aratus of Sicyon came to the 
Ptolemy who was then upon the 
throne, the second (king) after 
the foundation of Alexandria, and 
asked for money that he might 
free his country. 



binus lega us mitto, pax, 
aut certe tempus ad con- 
sulto pctiturus. 

Alexander moriens an- 
nulus suus do Perdiccas. 

Ille tjplordtus habeo, 
nihil fio possum sine 
causa. 

Siculus ad mens fides, 
qui Iiabeo spcrtdtus jam 
et diu cognitus, confugio. 

Romanus in Asia pe- 
cunia magnus collocdtus 
haheo. 

Domesticus cura tu 
levdtus volo. 

Legio, helium confec- 
tus, missus Jio placet''. 

Inventus tu euro et 
adduetus. 

Hie ego tu effectus 
reddo. 

Lacedsemonius nullus 
res tantus sum damnum*, 
quam disciplina Lycur- 
gus, qui per septingenti 
annus adsuesco, subldtus. 

Ad Prusias rex legatus 
Quinctius Flamininus ve- 
nio, qui suspectus Roma- 
nus et rereptus Hannibal, 
et bellum adversus Eume- 
nes motus, reddo. 

Aratus Sicyonius ad 
Ptolemaeus venio, qui 
tum regno, alter post 
Alexandria ronditus, pe- 
toque pecunia ut patria 
libero. 



neiit. pi. ' im^. " § 275, IIL R. 1. ^ pres. 



§227. 



^ 274. PARTICIPLES. 253 



English to he turned into Latin. 

There was greater sorrow from the loss'^ of the citizens, 
than joy in the expulsion^ of the enemy. Conon derived" 
more sorrow'' from the burning and plundering^ of his na- 
tive pi ace -^ by the Lacedaemonians, than joy^ from (its) 
recovery''. Regal power was exercised' at Rome, from the 
building of the city to (its) emancipation^ , two hundred and 
forty-four years. The decemvirs were ordered to inspect the 
Sibylline books, on account of men's (minds) being terrijied^ 
with new prodigies. About eighty years' after the capture^ 
of Troy, the family" of Pelops, which during this whole 
time" had possessed^ the command' of the Peloponnesus, is 
expelled by the Heraclidae, 

** amissus. * fusus. '^capia. ^ tristitia, §212. * dirutus f native 
place, patria. ^ laetitia. ^ recuperatus. * rearal 'power was exercised, 
regnatum est. ^ liberatus. * territus. '■ lit. about the eightieth year. 
"* captus. " progenies. " abl. § 236. ^ obtineo. ' imperium. 



R. 6, {a.) Alexander restrained Alexander miles a pop- 

his soldiers from the devastation ulatio Asia prohibeo, non 

of Asia, alleging that those things perdendus is sum prsefa- 

ought not to be destroyed, which tus, qui possideo venio*. 
thev came to possess. 

The king sent Hephaestion into Rex Hephaestion in 

the region of Bactriana to provide regio Bactriana* mitto, 

supplies for the winter. commeatus in hiemspa- 

ro. 

" § 266, 3. 6 § 204. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

He is a fool, who, when he is going to bur/" a horse, does 
notexamine'' (the animal) itself, but its housing' and bridle*^ 
Arsanes ravages Cilicia with fire and sword', that he maj 
make a desert for the enemy ; he spoils^ whatever^ can b» 
of use'^ (to the enemy,) intending to leave the soil, which b 
could not* defend, barren and naked. Catiline, intendinsr i 
22 ^ 



254 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274. 



attack^ the city, departs to the army prepared by Manlius in 
Etruria. The consul Brutus so reduced the power* of the 
Vestini by a single battle, that they dispersed' into (their) 
towns, for the purpose of defending themselves by (their) 
walls. 

« when he is gohig to buy, emturus. ^ inspicio. " stratum. ^ mas. 
vl. § 92, 5. * ferrum. / corrumpo. ^ quisquis. ^ § 227, R. 2. 
» nequeo. J to attack, signa infero. * to reduce the power, accido res 
' dilabor. 



R. 7, («.) In the Sabine war, 
L, Tarquinius vowed the erection 
of a temple, in the Capitol, to 
Jupiter, Greatest and Best. 

I am not displeased that my 
letter has been circulated ; nay, 
I have even given it myself to 
many persons to copy. 

Mummius was so ignorant, that, 
after the capture of Corinth, when 
he had contracted for transporting 
into Italy pictures and statues 
formed by the hands of the most 
eminent artists, he ordered notice 
to be given to the contractors, 
that if they lost them, they should 
give new ones instead. 

In order that the city might be 
more easily approached, Augus- 
tus distributed, to men who had 
obtained triumphs, the (charge 
of) paving the roads out of the 
money of the spoils. 



^Edis in Capitolium 
Jupiter Bonus Magnus, 
bellum Sabinus facio 
voveo Tarquinius. 

Epistola mens pervulgo 
non moleste fero ; quin 
etiam ipse multus do de- 
scriho. 

Mummius tam rudis 
sum, ut captus Corinthus, 
quum magnus artifex per- 
fectus manus tabiila ac 
statua in Italia porto loco, 
jubeopraedicoconducens, 
si is perdo novus reddo. 



duo facile urbs adeo, 
Augustus triumphalis vir 
ex manubialis pecunia 
via sterno distribuo 



English to be turned into Latin. 



The Athenians transported" every (thing) which could 
be moved, partly to Troezen^ partly to Salamis*, and com- 
mitted the citadel and the performance" of the sacred rites 
to a few elderly persons'^. P. Cornelius is ordered to go to 
Ostia with all the matrons, to meet^ the (Idaean) goddess-^ 



5 274. 



PARTICIPLES. 



255 



and (when) brought^ to land, to deliver her over'', for con- 
veyance* to the matrons. I wrote this letter before day- 
break^, by a wooden^ lamp-stand', which pleased me 
greatly"*, because they said that you had got" it made when 
you were at Samos. A division of offices" having been 
made after the victory, Antony undertook^ the regulation'^ 
of the East ; Octavianus, the bringing back the veterans to 
Italy, and the settling"^ them upon the municipal lands. 

" asporto, ^ § 80, I. " proctlro. <^ an elderly person, major 
natu. * obvikm. f § 228, 1. ^ elatus. * to deliver over, trado. 
* fero. i lux. * ligneolus. ' lychnuchus. *" pleased me greatly^ 
mihi erat perjucundus. " euro. ** lit. offices having been divided. 
^ recipio. ' ordlno. *" colloco. 



PRESENT. 



R. 8. Law is a supreme rule, 
implanted in our nature, which 
commands those things which 
ought to be done, and forbids the 
opposite. 

Every state must be ruled by 
some counsel, in order that it 
may be permanent; and that 
counsel must either be allotted to 
one, or to certain select persons, 
or must be undertaken by the 
multitude and by all. 

Many writers, speaking of 
Trojan affairs, call the country 
of the Myrmidons Thessaly ; the 
tragic writers do it most frequent- 
ly, but it should by no means be 
allowed them. 



Lex sum ratio superus, 
insitus in natura, qui 
jubeo is qui facio^ pro- 
hibeoque contrarius. 

Omnis respublica con- 
silium quidam rego, ut 
diuturnus sum ; is autem 
consilium aut unus trib- 
uo aut delectus quidam, 
aut suscipio multitudo 
atque omnis. 

Multus scriptor, de Tli- 
acus dicens. Myrmidon 
regio Thessalia voco ; 
tragicus frequens is fa- 
cio, qui minime is conci" 
do. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



The same (things) must be done" in the senate, but on a 
smaller scale^, for (we) must leave many others an opportu- 
nity*' of speaking, and"* we must avoid the suspicion of a 



256 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274. 



display* of talent. The beauty of the world, &nd the regu 
larity-^ of the celestial phenomena^, compel'' (us) to confi^ss, 
that there is some superior* and eternal nature, and that it 
is to be venerated^ and admired by the human race*. The 
exploits of the Romans are not to he compared '^ either"' with 
(those of) the Greeks, or of any other nation. It does not 
seem to me that another topic" should be sought for by us* 
because these (men) have come, but we should say some- 
thing worth their hearing". 



"ago 
' res. 
of men. 
of their ears 



apparatus. '^ locus. <^ etiam. * ostentatio. -^ ordo. 
TO. * praeslans. •' suspicio. * § 225, III. ; lit. race 
onfero. '" not either, neque. " sermo. " lit. worthy 



^ cogo 
' confero 



FAST 

Seleucus, Lysimachus, Ptole- 
my, were at hand, already pow- 
erful in resources, with whom 
iCumenes had to fight. 

I should long have had to look 
out for a son-in-law to Arulenus 
Rusticus, if Minucius Acilianus 
had not been prepared, and, as it 
were, provided. 

Tiberius abstained from the 
Greek language, and especially 
in the senate ; to such a degree, 
indeed, that when he was going 
to mention monopolium, he first 
begged pardon for being obliged 
to use a foreign word. 



Immineo Seleucus, 
Lysimachus, Ptolemaeus, 
ops jam valens, cum qui 
Eumenes difuico'^. 

Diu ego qumro^ Aru- 
lenus Rusticus gener, ni- 
si paro et quasi provideo 
Minucius Acilianus. 

Sermo Graecus Tiberi- 
us, maximeque in sena- 
tus, abstineo ; adeo qui- 
dem ut monopolium nom- 
inaturus prius venia pos- 
tijlo, quod sui verburn 
peregrinus utor'' . 



imp. § 162, 15. 6 i^p, § 261, 1. ^ imp. § 266, 3. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

How could" Lacedaemon enjoy^ good and just laws, when 
any one who" had been born'^ of the royal family* must be 
taken^ as king? It^ (is) more miserable to be consumed 
by old age, than to resign'' for* (our) own country, rather 
than in any other way ^, the^ life which, after alP, it would 



§ 274. PARTICIPLES. 257 

be necessary to resign. Cyrus was a most wise and just 
king, yet the government"" was not particularly" desirable" ^ 
because^ it was controlled' by the nod of a single (man.) 
Numa appointed'' many (things) which were to be observed, 
but those without expense^ 

°' possum ; lit. how could it happen that, <^c. * lit. then enjoy. 
' any one who, quicumque. ^ § 266, 1. * germs. / habeo, imp. 
§ 263, 5. ^ is. ^ reddo. * pro. i rather than in any other way, 
potisslmum. * after all, tamen. ^ respubllca. " maxime. ° ex- 
peto ; lit. to be desired. ^ quura. ' rego. *" constituo. * iin- 
pensa. 



FUTURE. 

If the Gauls attempt to make Si Gallus bellum facio 

war, we shall have to recall C. conor, excito eso ab in- 

Marius from the shades. feri C. Marius. 

When the studies of the youth Q,uum studium juve- 

are to be extended beyond his nis extra paternus limen 

paternal threshold, it will be ne- profero, jam circumspi- 

cessary to look out for a Latin cio rhetor Latin us, qui 

rhetorician, the severity and puri- schola severitas castitas- 

ty of whose school is ascertained, que consto. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Those who aim" at the highest (things) will go higher 
than (those) who, despairing beforehand* of reaching" the 
point they wish'^,stop* immediately-^ at^ the lowest'' (point;) 
for this reason' I shall be the more entitled^ to excuse, if 1 
do not pass over*^ even trifling^ (things.) Let the teacher 
not conceal"* those (things) which shall require correction"^ ; 
(let him be) simple in teaching, patient of labor, rather 
assiduous than immoderate (in his demands.) When the 
boy shall have attained" such^ strength in (his) studies as 
to be able' to understand*" the first precepts of the rheto- 
ricians, it will be necessary for him to be transferred^ to the 
teachers' of the art. 

* nitor. * despairing beforehand, praesumtft desperatune. ' evS- 
lo. ^ the point they icish, quo velint. * subsisto. / protlnus. 
' circa. * neut. pi. ^ for this reason, quo. ^ lit. pardon ought the 

22* 



258 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274 



more to he obtained (by me.) * praetereo. ' minor. 
teacher not be a dissembler. " emendo. ° pervenio ad. 



that he 
sister. 



to understand, mente consequi. 



*" lit. let the 
P is. « lit. 
trado. * ma- 



3, («.) No one, when he looks 
at the whole earth, will doubt of 
the providence of God. 

The limbs of Alexander, when 
he had scarcely entered the river, 
began suddenly to shiver and to 
be benumbed. 

The king commands Philip to 
read the epistle of Parmenio, nor 
did he remove his eyes from his 
countenance as he read (it,) think- 
ing that he might discover in his 
face itself some marks of con- 
scious guilt. 

Alexander, though tracing (it) 
with all his care, could not ascer- 
tain to what country Darius had 
gone ; according to a certain cus- 
tom of the Persians, who conceal, 
with wonderful fidelity, the secrets 
of their kings. 



Nemo, cunctus intuens 
terra, de divinus provi- 
dentia dubito. 

Alexander, vix ingres- 
sus flumen, subito horreo 
artus et rigeo ccepi. 

Rex epistola Parmenio 
Philippus lego jubeo, nee 
a vultus legens moveo 
ociilus, ratus sui alTquis 
conscientia nota in ipse 
OS possum deprehendo. 

Alexander, qui regio 
Darius peto omnis cura 
vestigans, tamen exploro 
non possum ; mos qui- 
dam Persae arcanum rex 
mirus celans fides. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The litter in which Tiberius was travelling* being ob- 
structed* by brambles, he almost beaf" to death the pioneer'', 
a centurion of the first cohorts, when he was stretched" upon 
the ground. All things delight us more when withdrawn^, 
than when uninterruptedly^ enjoyed'^. Some serpents, though 
horn' out oP' the water, betake themselves* to the water, as 
soon as' they are able to make an effort'". Dionysius, 
through fear" of razors", used to singe off ^ his hair with 
1 burning' coal. 

"• veho, j^ass. ^ impedltus. *" verbero. ^ explorator viae. * stra- 

r,us. -^ desideratus. ^ assidue. ^ perceptus. * ortuS. J extra. 

* betake themselves, persequmitur. ^ as soon as, simul ac primum. 

*" to make an effort, nitor. " through fear, metuens. " culter tonso 

us. P to singe off, aduro, § 145, II. 1. ' candens. 



^275 



GERUNDS AND GERUNI WES. 



259 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 

§ 275. Gerunds are governed like nouns, and are 
followed b} the same cases as their verbs. 



I am desirous of satisfying the 
state. 

Absolute power is given to the 
decemvirs of visitino;, wiienever 
they please, all the provinces, and 
of depriving free nations of their 
territories. 

I thought that no delay ought to 
be interposed in pursuing M. An- 
tony. 

I am transported with the de- 
sire of seeing your fathers. 



Cupidus sum satisfa- 
cio respublica. 

Decemvir omnis pro- 
vincia obeo, liber populus 
ager multo summus po- 
testas do, quum volo 

Nullus mora interpo- 
no insequor M. Antonius 
puto. 

Equidem effero studi- 
um pater vester video. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Cornelian law had expressly" given to Pompey the 
power of bestoiving'' the right of citizenship. The ambassa- 
dors of the Germans requested" of Caesar, that he would 
give them leave'' to send ambassadors to* the Ubii. At 
Rome, the right of convoking'^ the senate did not belong^ to 
private (individuals.) The consul delayed a little'', for the 
purpose of ascertaining^ the feelings^ of the soldiers. 
There can be no just cause to any one of taking up arms 
against (his) country. J5y bearing injuries, you will merit 
greater praise than by avenging (them.) 

* definite. * dono. " imp. ^ to give leave, potestatem facio. 
* in. / voco. ^ to belong, sum. ^ parumoer. * experior. 
' animus. 



II. R. 2. A rage for ravaging Ago infelix Alexander 

other men's possessions agitated furor alienus'^ devasto, et 

thcJ unhappy Alexander, and urged ad ignotus* mitto 
him into unknown regions. 



260 GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. <^ 275. 

Logic is the art of discrimina- Dialectica sum ars ac- 
ting truth and falsehood. tms" ac fauns'^ dijudlco. 

* neut. pi. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

We are so formed by nature** as to contain* in ourselves 
the principle*" of engaging in some pursuif^, and of attach- 
ing ourselves to some persons". It was the malady of the 
Greeks to occupy themselves-^ in useless literary studies*; 
and the idle^ desire of learning superfluous^ (things) has 
seized on^ the Romans also. 

* to be formed by nature, nascor, perf. * imp. subj. "pi. ^ lit. 
of doing (ago) something. * lit. of loving (diligo) some (persons.) 
f lit. to be occupied. ^ literary studies, literarura studia. ^ inanis. 
* supervacuus. J to seize on, invado. 



GERUNDS. 

III. R. 1. Avaricious men are Avarus homo non so- 

not only tormented with the pas- lum libido augeo crucio, 

sion for acquiring, but also with sed etiam amitto metus. 
the fear of losing. 

Frugality is the science of Parsimonia sum scien' 

avoiding superfluous expense, or tia vito sumtus supervac- 

the art of using property with uus, aut ars res familia- 

moderation. ris moderate utor. 

In proportion as any one speaks Ut quisque optime dico 

well, so he most dreads the diffi- ita maxime dico dijfl,cul- 

culty of speaking. tas pertimesco. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Epaminondas was desirous"^ of hearing; for from this he 
thought'' that it was easiest to learn^ A great part of the 
Babylonians had stationed themselves*^ on the walls, eager* 
to become acquainted^ with Alexander. Habit and practice 
both sharpen^ acuteness^ in understanding y and quicken* 
the rapidi*y of expression^ 



§ 275. 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



261 



• studiosus. * arbitror. *' that it was easiest to learn, "acillim^ 
disci, § 2'S9, R. 3. ^ to station one's self, consto. * avldus. / cog- 
nosco. ^ acuo. ^ prudentia. * incito. J e'fiquor. 



GERUNDIVES. 



III. R. 1. A desire seized 
Romulus and Remus of founding 
a city on the spot where they 
had been exposed and brought up. 

Hannibal increased his repu- 
tation by his so bold attempt of 
crossing the Alps. 

All judicial proceedings have 
been devised for the sake of ter- 
minating controversies, or pun- 
ishing crimes. 

Either pleasures are foregone 
for the sake of obtaining greater 
pleasures, or pains are undergone 
for the sake of escaping greater 
pains. 

The difficulty of supporting an 
office through w^eakness, is whol- 
ly inapplicable to the majesty of 
God. 

(5.) Marius perceived that 
these (things were) merely glo- 
rious, and did not tend to termi- 
nate the war. 



Romulus et Remus 
cupido capio in is locus, 
ubi expono atque edu 
CO, urbs condo. 

Hannibal opinio de sui 
augeo, condtus tam au- 
dax trajicio Alpes. 

Omnis judicium aut 
distrdho controversia aut 
punio maleficium causa 
reperio. 

Aut voluptas omitto 
rnagnus voluptas adipis- 
cor causa, aut dolor sus- 
cipio magnus dolor effu- 
gio causa. 

Sustineo munus prop- 
ter imbecillTtas difficultas 
minlme cado in majestas 
Deus. 

Q,ui Marius gloriosu" 
modo, neque bellum pa- 
tro cognosce. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Jt is not denied that Demosthenes possessed very great 
power" of eloquence^, but it is also'' ascertained"* that he 
was fond' of hearing Plato. I rejoice-'' that you are 
desirous of bringing about^ peace between the citizens. 
Zeno of Elea'' endured' every thing rather than disclose-' 
(his) accomplices'' in (the plan of) abolishing^ the tyranny. 
It is true, that if any one is"* ignorant of (the art of) com- 
posing"" and polishing language" , he cannot^ fluently' ex« 
Dress even that'" which he knows*. 



262 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



§275 



* vis. ^ dico. * quoque. ^ it is ascertained, constat. ' «tudiosus 

laelor. ^ to bring about, concilio. ^ of Elea, Eleaticus. * perpe 

tior. J indico, subj. * conscius. ' deleo. *" § 261, 2. " facio 
• oratio. ? § 269. « diserte. '" is ipse. * § 266, 1. 



GERUNDS." 

III. R. 2. In the gnat, nature 
so formed an instrument, that it 
was at once pointed for boring, 
and hollow for sucking. 

The pool produces frogs desti- 
tute of feet ; soon it gives legs 
suitable for swimming. 

When I was at Apamea, the 
leading men of many cities repre- 
sented to me, that too great ex- 
penses were decreed for ambas- 
sadors, as the cities were not 
able to pay (them.) 

Tiberius promised that he 
would rebuild the theatre of 
Pompey, (which had been) acci- 
dentally consumed by fire, since 
no one of the family was able to 
rebuild it. 



In culex natura telum 
ita formo, ut fodio acu* 
mindtus pariter, et sorbeo 
Jistulosus sum. 

Limus rana genero 
truncus pes'' ; mox aptiis 
nato crus do. 

Apamea cum sum, 
multus civitas princeps 
ad ego defero, sumtus 
decerno legatus nimis 
magnus, cum solvo civi- 
tas non sum. 

Pompeius theatrum, 
ignis fortuito haustus, 
Tiberius extruo polli- 
ceor, quod nemo e fami- 
lia restauro sufficio''. 



§ 213. b § 266, 3. 



GERUNDIVES. 



III. R. 2. Dry wood is a proper 
material for producing fire. 

The spring, as it were, repre- 
sents youth, and exhibits the 
promise of the future fruits ; the 
rest of the time is adapted for 
reaping and gathering the fruits. 

There are some games not 
without their use for sharpening 
he wits of boys. 
Cleanthes drew water, and 



Lignum aridus materia 
sum idoneus elicio ignis. 

Ver tanquam adoles- 
centia significo, futurus- 
que fructus ostendo ; rel- 
iquus tempus demeto 
fructus et percipio ac- 
commodatus sum. 

Sum nonnullus atuo 
puer ingenium non inu' 
tllis lusus. 

Cleanthes aqua baurio. 



J 275. 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



263 



hired out his hands for watering 
a garden. 

It is not in my power, nor is it 
optional with me, not to bestow 
my labors for removing the dan- 
gers of men. 

Wood was brought down from 
mount Lebanon for constructing 
rafts and towers. 

(1.) Iron, when red, is .not fit 
for hammering, nor till it begins 
to grow white. 

Coarse paper is not useful for 
writing, but serves for packages 
of goods. 



et rigo hortulus loco ma- 
nus. 

Neque ego licet, neque 
sum integer^ ut meus la- 
bor homo periculum sub- 
levo non impertio. 

Materies ex Libanus 
mons, ratis et turris con- 
Jlcio veho. 

Rubens ferrum non 
sum tundo, nee donee 
excandesco. 

Charta emporetlcus 
non sum scribo, et merx 
involucrum usus prsebeo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Transalpine Gauls took possession of" a spot not far 
from thence, for the building^ of a town, where Aquileia 
now stands. (2.) Within ten years the Roman people both 
created decemvirs/br enacting laws, and abolished" (them.) 
M. Antonius, triumvir for the settlement of^ the common' 
wealthy brought about* the marriage of the daughter of 
AttTcus with Vipsanius Agrippa. The sons of Ancus were 
now almost of the age of puberty-^; for which reason^ Tar- 
quin was the more urgent^, that comitia should be held\ as 
soon as possible, for the election^ of a king. 

• to take possession of, capio. ^ condo. " abolished, e republic^ suf- 
fero. <* constituo, lit. for settling. * lit. was the promoter of, (concili- 
ator.) ^ adj. pubes. ^ for ichich reason, eo. ^ to be urgent, insto 
fio J creo. 



GERUNDS. 

ni. R. 3. We are inclined not 
only to learn, but also to teach. 

To think well, and to act right- 
ly, is sufficient for a good and 
happy life. 



Non solum ad disco 
propensus sum, sed etiam 
ad doceo. 

Bene sentio, recteque 
facio, satis sum ad bene 
beateque vivo. 



264 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



§275 



As the ox was born to plough, 
(and) the dog to track, so man 
was born for two things, to under- 
stand and to act. 

Praise cannot induce you to 
act well. 

Caesar was blamed, because, 
during the performance, he occu- 
pied himself in reading letters and 
memorials, or writing answers. 

The marsh hindered the Ro- 
mans in pursuing. 

The character of boys mani- 
fests itself more openly (while) at 
play. 

It is infamous to condemn him 
from whom you have received 
money in consideration of acquit- 
ting (him.) 

Horses, before they are broken, 
display great spirit. 

To teach is not the only prov- 
ince of an orator, but eloquence 
is still more important in regard 
to moving (the feelings.) 



Ut ad aro bos, ad in- 
dago canis, sic homo ad 
duo res, ad intcUigo et 
ago nascor. 

Tu laus allicio ad recte 
facio non possum. 

Reprehendo CsBsar 
quod inter specto episto 
la libellusque" lego, aut 
rescribo vaco*. 

Pal us Rom anus aa 
insequor tardo. 

Mos*^ puer sui inter 
ludo simpliclter detego. 

Flagitiosus sum, is, a 
qui pecunia ob absolvo 
accipio, condemno. 

Equus ante domo in- 
geris to Ho animus. 

Non solus'' sum orator' 
doceo, sed pliis eloquentia 
cina moveo valeo. 



* dat. 6 § 266, 3. 'pi. '^ § 205, R. 7, (2 ) " § 211, R. 8, (3.) 



English to he turned into Latin. 

The riper" the berry of the olive, the fatter* is the juice 
and the less pleasant* ; and the best time" for gathering 
{\^ ) when the berry begins* to grow black. It is best tha 
those who preside over the republic should resemble the 
laws-^, which are induced^ to punish, not by passion'', but 
by justice^ Alexander, having taken-' the cup, handed* the 
letter to his physician, and, while he drank, fixed' his eyes 
upon his countenance as he read"" (it.) 

" § 256, R. 16, (2.) * gratus. '^ sntas. '^ decerpo. * ahl. absolute. 
§ 257, R. 1. / § 222, R. 2, (a.) ^ duco. ^ iracundia. * gequitas. i ac- 
cipi >. * trado. ' intendo. ^ lit. reading, § 274, 3. 



§275. 



GERIJNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



265 



GERUNDIVES. 



III. R. 3. (He) who knows 
himself, will be conscious that he 
has something divine, and will 
understand what means he has 
for acquiring wisdom. 

Pythagoras went to Babylon, 
to learn the motions of the heaven- 
ly bodies, and the origin of the 
world ; thence he directed his 
course to Crete and Lacedaemon, 
to become acquainted with the 
laws of Minos and Lycurgus. 

The eyelids, which are the 
covering of the eyes, very soft 
to the touch, are most skilfully 
formed, both for inclosing the pu- 
pils, lest any thing should fall up- 
on them, and for opening them. 

Man enjoys great advantages 
for gaining and acquiring wis- 
dom. 

Nature has furnished the mind 
of man with senses adapted to the 
perception of things. 

From the caverns of the earth 
we draw forth iron, a substance 
necessary for cultivating the fields. 

The multitude of cattle were 
made partly for eating, partly for 
the cultivation of the fields, part- 
ly for transporting, partly for 
clothing the body. 



dui sui ipse" nosco, all- 
quis sentio sui habeo divi- 
nus, intelligoque quantus 
instrumentum habeo ad 
adipiscor sapientia. 

Pythagoras Babylonia 
ad per disco sidus mot us 
origoque mundus pro- 
ficiscor ; inde Creta et 
Lacedaemon, ad cognosco 
Minos et Lycurgus lex 
contendo. 

Palpebra, qui sum teg- 
mentum ociilus, mollis 
tact us, apte facio et ad 
claudo pupula ne quis 
incTdo, et ad aperio. 

Homo magnus habeo 
instrumentum adobtineo, 
adipiscorque sapientia. 

Natura animus homo 
sensus orno ad res per- 
cipio idoneus. 

E terra caverna fer- 
rum elicio, res ad colo 
ager necessarius. 

Multitudo pecus par- 
tim ad vescor'' , partim 
ad cultus ager, partim ad 
velio, partim ad corpus* 
vcstio facio. 



§ 207, R. 28. t § 275, 1., R. 2. ' pi. 



English to he turned into Latin, 



No one is more unyielding* in^ granting' pardon^ thai* 
'he) who has often'* had occasion* to ask for it. If you ap 
23 



266 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



§275. 



prove both me and Tacitus, you must-^ think^ the same ot 
Rufas also; since similarity of character^ is the firmest* bond 
for forming friendships. 



* difficTlis. '• ad. ' do. ^ comp. 
cesse est. ^ sentio, § 262, R.4. ^ mos. 



• mereo. / you must, ne- 
* tenax, sup. with vel. 



GERUNDS. 



III. R 4. By gradually re- 
ceiving to the rights of citizen- 
ship the Italian allies, who had 
either not taken up arms, or had 
laid them down, the forces of the 
city were more speedily recruited. 

I indeed think that virtue is 
given to men, by instructing and 
persuading (them,) not by threats, 
and violence, and fear. 

Socrates, by questioning and 
interrogating, used to draw forth 
the opinions of those with whom 
he discoursed. 

The laws of Lycurgus train 
youth in labor, by hunting, run- 
ning, being hungry, being thirsty, 
being pinched with cold, and be- 
ing violently heated. 



Paulatira recipio in 
civitas socius Italicus 
qui arma aut non capio 
aut depono mature vis 
civitas reficio. 

EquTdem puto virtus 
homo, instituo ei per sua' 
deo non minae et vis ac 
metus, trado. 

Socrsites percunctor at- 
que interrogo, elicio so- 
leo is opinio quicum dis- 
sero. 

Lycurgus lex erudio ju- 
ventus venor, curro, esu' 
rio, sitio, algeo, cestuo. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

By doing*^ nothing, men learn to do ill. Men do not ap- 
proach nearer to God in any thing, than in giving safety to 
men. Make thy^ life happy hy laying aside" all solicitude 
abouf^ it. It is right* that (a man) should be both-^ munifi- 
cent in giving, and^ not severe* in exacting. Anger should 
especially be forbidden' in punishing; for (he) who comes" 
angry to (inflict) punishment, will never observe^ that medi- 
um* which is between too much and too little'. That com- 
mander cannot keep an army under control"", who does not 
control himself; nor be severe in judging, who does not 



§ 275. GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 267 

choose" that others should be severe judges towards him. 
There is no evil so great, that I do not think" it is impend- 
ing; but I desist, since^ there is often more ev/1 in fearing'' 
than in the thing itself '^ which is feared*. In (the depart- 
ment of) philosophy, the high station' of Plato did not deter 
Aristotle/ro/zf writing ; nor did Aristotle, by his admirable" 
knowledge and copiousness, throw a damp upon" the studies 
of others. A good prince, by doing well, teaches his citi- 
zens to do well; and, while" he is greatest in power"^, is 
greater by (his) example. 

» ago. * § 211, E.. 5, (1.) * depono. ^ pro. * convenit. / quum. 
^ tutn. * acerbus. » prohibeo, § 274, R.. 8, (a.) i teneo. * niediocri- 
tas. ' too much, and too little, nimium et param. "* to keep under 
control, contineo. " volo. " § 264. ^ quum. ' metuo. ^ the 
thing itself, ipse ille. * timeo. ' high station, amplitudo. " adm- 
rabilis quidam. " to throw a damp upon, restinguo. " quumque 
* imperium. ^ fut. 



GERUNDIVES. 

III. R. 4. Virtue is seen most In voluptas sperno ac 

of all in despising and rejecting repudio virtus vel magis 

pleasure. cerno. 

The body must be exercised Exerceo corpus ut obe- 

that it may obey the reason, in dio ratio possum, in ex- 

executing business and enduring sequor negotium et iri la- 

labor. hor tolero. 

It (is) a difficult subject, and Difficilis res ac mul- 

much and often inquired into, turn et ssepe quaesitus, 

whether, in conferring a magis- suffragium, in magistrd- 

tracy, or enacting a law, or trying tus mando, aut reusjudi- 

a culprit, it were better to vote co, aut lex scisco, clam an 

secretly or openly. palam fero bene sum. 

Many persons use care in get- Multus in equus paro 

ting horses, (but) are negligent in adhibeo cura, in amicus 

choosing friends. eligo negligens sum. 



English t be turned into Latin. 

It has been established" by the civil law, that, in the salt 
9f^ estates" , the faults which were known to the selJe* 



268 



SUPINES. 



§276 



should be mentioned'^. Who does not know that the chief 
power" of the orator consists ^ in exciting^ men's minds ei 
ther to anger, or hatred, or grief, or in recalling (them) from 
these'' same emotions* to mildness and pity? The memory 
should be exercised 63/ learning J, word for word*, as many 
as possible', both (of) the writings of others and our own"". 
Elegance in speaking" is improved" by the knowledge of let- 
ters, and is increased bi/ reading orators and poets. 



* sancio. ' lit. in selling. * praedium. ^ dico. * vis. 
' incito. * hicce. * permotio. ^ edisco. * ad verbum 
many as possible, quam plurimus. *" noster. ** gen. 



f existo. 
' aa 
expolio. 



SUPINES 



«^ 276, I. Supines in um are followed by the same 
cases as their verbs. 



Philip was slain by Pausanias 
at iEgae, near the theatre, as he 
was going to see the games. 

Divitiacus came to the senate 
at Rome to implore assistance. 

Ambassadors came from Rome 
into the camp of the iEqui, to 
complain of injuries, and to de- 
mand a restitution of property, 
according to the treaty. 

Perdiccas had gone to make 
war upon Egypt, in opposition to 
Ptolemy. 

The Veientes send ambassa- 
dors to Rome to sue for peace. 

Hannibal, unconquered, was 
recalled to defend his country. 

II. Many individuals came to 
Cn. ^ompey to beg and beseech 



Philippus iEgae a Pau- 
sanias, quum specto Indus 
eo, juxta theatrum occi- 
do. 

Divitiacus Roma" ad 
senatus venio auxilium 
postulo. 

In castra iEqui lega- 
tus ab Roma venio que- 
ror injuria'^ , ei ex foedus 
res repeto. 

Perdiccas JEgi/ptus 
oppugno adversiis Ptole- 
mseus proficiscor. 

Yeiens'' pax peto orator 
Roma mitto. 

Hannibal invictus pa^ 
tria defendo revoco. 

Ad Cn. Pompeius mul- 
tus mortalis ore obsecro 



5276. 



SUPINES. 



269 



that he would not abandon my 
fortunes. 

Fabius Pictor was sent to Del- 
phi to the oracle, to inquire by 
what prayers and punishments 
the Romans might appease the 
__gods. 

The Helvetian war being fin- 
ished, the ambassadors of almost 
all Gaul assembled about Caesar 
to offer congratulations. 

The cocks understand the stars, 
and distinguish in the day-time 
the spaces of three hours by their 
note ; they go to roost with the 
sun, and at the fourth military 
watch, recall us to care and 
labor. 

The commanders of the king 
of Persia sent to Athens to com- 
plain that Chabrias was carrying 
on war along with the Egyptians, 
against the king. 



que venio, ne mens fortu- 
na desero. 

Fabius Pictor Delphi 
ad oraculum mitto, scis- 
citor qui prex" supplici- 
umque deus possum pla- 
co Romanus. 

Bellum Helvetius con- 
fectus, totus fere Gallia 
legatus ad Caesar gratu- 
lor convenio. 

Gallus gallinaceus nos- 
co'^ sidus, et terni distin- 
guo hora interdiu can- 
tus ; cum sol cubo eo, 
quartusque castrensis vi- 
gijia ad cura laborque 
ego revoco. 

Praefectus rex Persa* 
legatus mitto Athenae que- 
ror, quod Chabrias ad- 
versum rex bellum gero 
cum iEgyptius. 



<» acctisative. 
Persians. 



§ 9, 1. c § 94. i perf. § 183, 3, N. 3. ' lit. oftht 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Not only old inhabitants of Agrigentum* came (to Verres) 
to purchase^ the senator's* place, but also new (ones;) and 
it happened*^ that a new one outbid* (the old,) and carried 
off-'' the pretor's^ letters. The people of Veii'', subdued* 
by (their) unsuccessful battle, send negotiators^ to Rome 
to implore peace. The Saguntines requesting* that, as far 
as they could (do it) safely, they might go to see Italy, guides 
were given them, and letters sent through the towns that 
they should treat' the Spaniards kindly"*. Hannibal, uncon- 
quered in Italy, was recalled to defend his country against 
Publius Scipio, the son of the man" whom he had himself 
routed, first, at the Rhone, a second" time at the Po, a third 
time at the Trebia. 
23* 



170 



SUPINES. 



* inhabitants of jigrigentum, Agrigentlni. 

* fio, • pretio vinco. / to carry off, aufero. 

* Veientes ' subactus. J orator. * peto. 
ter. " lit. of him. " iterum. 



§276 

* emo. * senatorius 

^ lit. from the pretor 

' accipio. ** comi 



The sentence, " They come to see the games," may be expressed 
.n either of the following modes, viz. 



II. R. 4. 

Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 
Veniunt 



Veniunt spectatum ludos. §276,11. 

ad spectandum ludos. > ^ jj 

ad spectandos ludos. j ^ ' 

spectandi ludos ^ 

^ ^ 1- , ,- f causa or gratia, 

spectandorum ludorum > r 2^_ ^P. n ^ 

specjtandi ludorum j ^ ' • • • 

ut ludos spectent. §262. 

qui ludos spectent. § 264, 5. 

ludos spectaturi. § 274, R. 6, (a.) 

ludos spectare. § 271, Note 3. 



The following sentences may be varied in the same manner : — 



I came hither to extricate thee 
from thy difficulties. 

Then Romulus, by the advice 
of the fathers, sent ambassadors 
to the neighboring states to solicit 
(their) friendship. 

Caesar w^ithdrew his forces to 
the next hill, and sent his caval- 
ry to sustain the attack of the 
enemies. 

He sent prefects and tribunes 
of the soldiers into the neigh- 
boring states, for the purpose of 
demanding provisions. 

Darius, king of the Persians, 
sends Megabyzus with a part of 
his forces to conquer Thrace. 

CaBsar hastened to exhort his 
soldiers 



Hue venio tu ex diffi- 
cultas eripio"'. 

Turn, ex consilium pa- 
ter, Romulus legatus cir- 
ca viclnus gens mitto, 
qui societas peto. 

Copia suus Caesar in 
proximus collis subduco; 
equitatusque qui sustinec 
hostis impetus mitto. 

Is praefectus tribunus 
que miles in finittmuy 
civitas, frumentum peto'' 
causa dimitto. 

Darius, rex Persa, mit- 
to cum pars copia Mega- 
byzus ad suhigo^ Thra' 
cia. 

Caesar ad cohortor'' mi 
les decurro. 



• § 274, R. 6. 6 § 275, II., & III. R. 1 



§ 2:6. SUPINES. 271 

English to he turned into Latin. 

He fled' to the temple to implore'^ the assistance of the 
gods*^, and to consult^ the oracle. He went to the river to 
wash away"" the blood. They came to attack^ the camp. I 
excluded those whom you had sent to salute^ me in the 
morning. Hippias had been lately sent by the king to 
defend^ the forest^ . 

« § 274, R. 6. * § 275, II., & III. R. I. ' confugio. ^ § 231. 
• § 278. / § 276, II. ^ saltus. 

HI. The more brief a narra- Q,uo brevis eo dilucT- 

tive (is,) the more perspicuous dus et cognosco facilis 

and easy to be understood will it narratio fio. 
become. 

It is difficult to express, how Difficilis dico sum, 

much courtesy and affability of quantopere concilio ani- 

conversation win the minds of mus homo comitas affa- 

men. bilitasque sermo. 

Wickedness quickly steals (up- Cito nequitia subrepo ; 
on us;) virtue is difficult to be virtus difficilis invenio 
found, and needs a ruler and sum, rector duxque de- 
guide, sidero. 

What is so pleasant to know Q,uis sum tam jucun- 

and hear, as a discourse adorned dus cognosco atque audio, 

with wise sentiments and weighty quam sapiens sententia, 

words 1 gravisque verbum orna 

tus oratio 1 

English to he turned into Latin. 

Hannibal, incredible to relate"^, in two days* and two 
nights, reached" Adrumetum, which is distant from Zama 
about three hundred miles. The human mind can be com- 
pared with no other than*^ with God himself, if this is proper' 
to he said. To what purpose^ (do I say) so many^ things 
respecting Maximus? that you may see it would be wrong^ 
to say, such an old age was miserable. 

• dioo. * biduum. * pervenio. ^ nisi. * fas. f to what pur 
pose, quorsum. ^ so many ; Lit. these so many. *^ nefas. 



272 



ADVERBS. 



§277 



ADVERBS. 



§ 277. Adverbs modify or limit the meaning of 
verbs, adjectives, and sometimes of other adverbs. 



They certainly err greatly, if 
they indulge the hope that my 
former lenity will continue for- 
ever. 

Whom do I honor ? Truly 
those who are themselves an or- 
nament to the state. 

Snows do not fall upon the 
deep sea. 

The minds of soldiers are 
pleased with praises not less than 
with rewards. 

I plainly perceive that we are 
not loved by our youth. 

The hill was held by the Gauls 
with a garrison not very strong. 

At no previous time did such 
consternation take possession of 
the senate. 

R. 1. Julius CsBsar married 
Cornelia, the daughter of Cinna, 
(who was) a fourth time consul. 

Juno had heard that from 
hence a nation ruling far and 
wide, and proud in war, would 
come for the destruction of 
Libya. 

R. 3. Vibius is an absurd po- 
et ; but still he is not wholly ig- 
norant, nor useless. 

Agesilaus was diminutive in 
person, and lame in one foot; 
which circumstance also occa- 
sioned some deformity. 



N(B ille veJiementer er- 
ro, si ille mens pristinus 
lenitas perpetuus sperc 
sum. 

Q,ui ego orno ? nempe 
is, qui ipse sum orna- 
mentum res publicus. 

Nix in altus mare non 
cado. 

Laus Jiaud minus quam 
praemium* gaudeo miles 
animus. 

A noster juvenis ego 
non amo plane intelUgo. 

Collis prsesidium a Gal- 
lus non nimis Jirmus te- 
neo. 

Non unquam alias ante 
tantus terror senatus in- 
vddo. 

Julius Csesar Cornelia, 
Cinna quater consul filia, 
duco uxor. 

Juno audio, hinc pop- 
ulus, late rex, bellumque 
superbus, venio excidium 
Libya. 

Vibius sum poeta in- 
eptus ; nee tamen scio 
nihil, et sum non inut/ilis. 

Agesilaus sum corpus 
exiguus et claudus alter 
pes ; qui res etiam non 
nullus afiero deformitas. 



J 277. 



ADVERBS. 



273 



The people are wont sometimes 
to neglect worthy (men.) 

R. 4. Every one perceives an 
open flatterer. 

R. 5. Epicrates owed no money 
to any one. 

Our coming occasioned not the 
least expense to any one. 

I never offended Scipio, not 
even in the smallest particular. 

No one is satisfied. 

R. 6. In the consulship of 
Piso, not only was it not permit- 
ted to the senate to aid the state, 
but not even to mourn for it. 

Not only was there no place in 
my camp for any traitor, but not 
even for a deserter. 



Popiilus soleo non 7iun- 
quam dignus prastereo. 

Aperte adulans nemo 
non video. 

Epicrates debeo nullus 
nummus nemo. 

Adventus noster nemo 
ne parvus quidem sum 
sumtus*. 

Nunquam Scipio ne 
parvus quidem res of- 
fendo. 

Nemo nihil satis sum. 

Piso consul senatus 
non solum juvo res publi- 
cus, sed ne lugeo quidem 
licet. 

Non modo proditor, sed 
ne perfuga quidem locus 
in meus castra quisquam 
sum. 



sing. 



§227. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

Cato calls pleasure the bait of crimes*, plainly^ because 
men are taken by it as fish by the hook. Polybius, an 
authority hy no means to be contemned*", relates that knig 
Syphax was led in triumph. No one was ever so afflicted, 
as P. I am not unaware' that there is utility in history, and 
not pleasure alone. I am not ignorant-^ how fickle are the 
minds of men. Conon often opposed^ the designs of Agesi- 
laus, and^ it was evident, that, but for him% Agesilaus would 
have possessed^ Asia as far as to'^ the Taurus. The Atheni- 
ans thought' (there was) nothing (which) Alcibiades could 
not effect. Old men are not only (not) compelled to do 
what they cannot, but not even as much as they are able. 



* malum. * videlicet. "^ sperno. ^ lit. I am so afflicted, ^c 
* inscius. ^ to be ignorant, ignoro. ^ obsto. * two negatives. * but 
for him, » i'lle non fuisset. J eripio. * as far as to, tenus. duco 



274 



CONJUNCTIONS. 



§278. 



CONJUNCTIONS. 



§ 278. Copulative, disjunctive, and other coordi* 
nate conjunctions, connect similar constructions. 



God alone can be the maker 
and governor of heaven and 
earth. 

In battle swift death comes or 
joyful victory. 

We have need to pray, that 
there may be a sound mind in a 
sound body. 

You will be a king, if you do 
riorht. 

Men are more prone to pleas- 
ure, than to virtue. 

Virtue can never be taken 
away; it is lost neither by ship- 
wreck nor fire. 

Hold out, and preserve your- 
selves for prosperous affairs. 

R. 2. This is my real native 
country, and (that) of my brother 
here. 

R. 6. There are four elements, 
fire, air, earth, (and) water. 

R. 7. To admonish and to be 
admonished, is the part of true 
friendship. 

A wise man remembers past 
(favors) with gratitude, and so 
enjoys the present as to observe 
how great and how pleasant they 
are. 

The Veneti have very many 
ships, and they surpass others in 
experience in naval affairs. 



Deus solus possum sum 
architectus it rector cae- 
lum et terra. 

In prajJium citus mors 
venio, aut victoria laetus. 

Orandum sum, ut sum 
mens sanus in corpus 
sanus. 

Rex sum, si recte 
facio. 

Homo pronus sum ad 
voluptas, qudm ad virtus. 

Virtus eripio nunquam 
possum ; neque naufra- 
gium, neque incendium 
amitto. 

Duro, et tumet res ser- 
vo secundus. 

Hie sum mcMs, et hie 
frater mens germanus 
patria. 

duatuor sum elemen- 
tum, ignis, aer, terra, 
aqua. 

Et moneo et moneo, 
proprius sum verus ami- 
citia. 

Sapiens et praeteritus 
grate memini et praesens 
ita potior, ut animad- 
verto, quantus sum is, 
quamque jucundus. 

Et navis habeo multus 
Veneti et usus nauticus 
res relTquus antecedo 



J 279. 



ARRANGEMENT. 



275 



ARRANGEMENT, 



<§> 279. In a Latin sentence, after connectives, are 
placed, first the subject and its modifiers ; then the 
oblique cases, and other words which depend upon or 
~nodify the verb ; and last of all the verb. 



(fe.)C. Asinius Pollio salutes Ci- 
cero. 

True glory rests upon virtue. 

All virtue consists in action. 

To be free from fault is a very 
great consolation. 

A civil war is most pernicious. 

Nothing can be done in this 
world without God. 

Keep in mind your promises. 

The earth revolves around the 
sun. 

A learned man has (his) riches 
always in himself. 

8. It has been said then by the 
most learned men, that no one is 
free except the wise man. For 
what is liberty? The power of 
living as you choose. 

Brutus perceived that an attack 
was made upon him. He there- 
fore offered himself eagerly to the 
contest. 

Will you then, judges, spare 
this man, whose crimes are so 
great 1 

Aristotle indeed remarks, that 
all talented men are melancholic. 

I do not suppose a knowledge 



C. Asinius Pollio Cice- 
ro" salus dico. 

Verus decus in virtus 
pono*. 

Omnis virtus in actio 
consisto. 

Vaco culpa magnus 
sum solatium. 

Civilis helium pernici- 
osus sum. 

Nihil in hie mundus 
facio sine Deus possum. 

Promissum tuus memo- 
ria teneo". 

Terra circum sol 
volvo'^. 

Homo doctus in sui 
semper divitiae habeo. 

Dico igitur ab erudi- 
tus vir, nisi sapiens, liber 
sum nemo. Q,uis sum 
enim libertas 1 Potestas 
vivo, ut volo. 

Sentio in sui eo* Bru- 
tus. A vide itdque sui 
certamen offero. 

Hie homo parco igitur ^ 
judex, qui tantus pecca 
tum sum 1 

Aristoteles quidem aio 
omnis ingeniosus melan- 
cholTcus sum 

Ego ne utilis quidem 



276 



ARRANGEMENT. 



§279 



of future events to be even useful 
to us. 

Iphicrates was such a general, 
that no one even of the ancients 
can be preferred to him. 

4. Each to each is dear. 

New names must be applied to 
new things. 

Different things appear best to 
different persons. 

10. Codrus died for his coun- 
try. 

A fool knows not (how) to keep 
silence. 

Miltiades conquered the Per- 
sians in the battle of Marathon. 

As the shadow follows the 
body, so glory (follows) virtue. 

Deeds are more difficult than 
words. 

The recollection of past trouble 
is pleasant. 

11. Can the fish love the fisher- 
man ? 

Poets wish either to profit or 
please. 

The hour, which has past, can- 
not return. 

No one ought to be called 
happy before (his) death. 

13. (That) man is ungrateful, 
who does not return a favor. 

He is a citizen who loves his 
country. 



arbitror sum ego futurua 
res scientia. 

Iphicrates sum talis 
dux, ut ne de major natu 
quidem is quisquam ante- 
pono. 

Uterque uterque sum 
cor-''. 

Impono novus novus 
res nomen. 

Alius^ alius videor bo- 
nus. 

Codrus pro patria mo- 
rior. 

Stultus non nosco 52- 
lentium servo. 

Miltiades Pers^ vinco 
in pugna Marathonius. 

Ut umbra corpus se- 
quor, sic virtus gloria. 

Sum factum verbum 
difficilis, 

Suavis sum labor prae- 
teritus memoria. 

An piscator piscis amo 
possum ? 

Aut prosum volo, aut 
delecto, poeta. 

Non,quipraetereo, hora 
redeo possum. 

Dico beatus ante obi- 
tus nemo debeo. 

Ingratus sum homo^ qui 
non beneficium reddo. 

Civis sum 2s, qui patria 
suus diligo. 



'^ dot. 
'§227. 



' ftrf. pass. ' § 2C0, R. 6. ^ pass. * perf. inf. pass 
^ sing. 



PROSODY 



HEXAMETER VERSE. 

§ 310. A hexameter, or heroic verse, consists of six feet 
Of these, the fifth is a dactyl, the sixth a spondee, and each of the 
other four either a dactyl or a spondee. 

The hnes in the first four of the following exercises are already 
divided into feet, so that the scanning of them will be completed by 
marking, and proving the quantity of their syllables by the rules of 
prosody : the other lines must be divided, as well as marked and 
proved. 

1. Aurea | prima sa|ta est ae|tas, quse, | vindice J nuUo, 
Sponte su|4, sine | lege fijdem rec|tumque cojlebat. 

2. Poena mejtusque abe|rant; nee | verba mi [nacia | fixo 
Mve le|geban|tur ; nee j supplex | turba ti|mebant 

3. Judicis I ora su|i ; sed e|rant sine | vindice | tuti. 
Ndndum | ca3sa su|is, pere\grinum ut | viseret [ orbem, 

4. Montibus, | in liqui|das pi|nus de|scenderat | undas : 
Nullaque | mortajles prsejter sua | lltora norant. 

5. Nondum praecipltes cingebant oppida fossae ; 
Non tuba directi, non seris cornua flexi, 

6. Non galeae, non ensis erant ; sine militis usu, 
Mollia secursB peragebant otia gentes. 

7. Ipsa quoque immunis, rastroque intacta, nee uUis 
Saucia vomeribus, per se dabat omnia tellus : 

8. Contentique cibis, nullo cogente, creatis, 
Arbuteos foetus montanaque fraga legebant, 

9. Cornaque, et in duris haerentia mora rubetis, 
Et, quae decide rant patula Jovis arbore, glandes. 

10. Ver erat aeternum ; placidique tepentibus auris 
Mulcebant Zephyri natos sine semine flores. 

24 



278 PROSODY PENTAMETER VERSE. §311 

11. Moi etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat; 
Nee renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis. 

12. Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant; 
Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella. 

13. Postquam, Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso, 
Sub Jove mundus erat, subiit argeiitea proles, 
Auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior sere. 

14 Jupiter antiqui contraxit tempora veris, 

Perque hyemes, aestusque, et inaequales autumnos, 
Et breve ver, spatiis exegit quatuor annum. 

15. Turn primum siccis, aer, fervoribus ustus, 
Canduit; et ventis glacies astricta pependit. 
Turn primum subiere domes; domus antra fuerunt, 

16. Et densi frutices, et vinctae cortice virgae. 
Semina turn primum longis Cerealia sulcis 
Obruta sunt, pressique jugo gemucre juvenei 



PENTAMETER VERSE. 

§ 311. A pentameter verse consists of five feet. It is gene- 
lally, however, divided, in scanning, into two hemistichs, the first 
consisting of two feet, either dactyls or spondees, followed by a 
long syllable ; the last, of two dactyls, also followed by a long 
syllable. 

The following poem consists of alternate hexameter and pentametez 
lines, forming what is called elegiac verse. 

Ariadne Theseo. 

1. Qu8B legis ex illo, Theseu, tibi litore mitto 

Unde tuam sine me vela tulere ratem. 

2. Tempus erat, vitrea quo primum terra pruinS. 

Spargitur, et tectae fronde queruntur aves 

3. Luna fuit : specto si quid nisi litora cernam 

Quod videant, oculi nil nisi litus habent. 

4. Nunc hue, nunc illuc, et utroque sine ordine curro 

Alta puellares tardat arena pedes. 
Mons fuit ; apparent frutices in vertice rari ; 
Hinc scopulus raueis pendet adesus aquis 

5. Ascendo ; vires animus dabat ; atque ita late 

iEquora prospeetu metior alta meo. 
Inde ego, nam ventis quoque sum crudelibus usa, 
Vidi praBcipiti earbasa tenta Noto. 



§311. PROSODY PENTAMETER VERSE. 279 

6. '• Quo lugis ? " exclamo, " scelerate, revertere. Theses 

Fiecte ratein ; numeruni non habet ilia suum." 
Hasc ego ; quod voci deerat, plangore replebam : 
Verbera cum verbis niista fuere meis. 

7. Quid faciam ? quo sola ferar ? vacat insula cuitu : 

Non hominum video, non ego facta bourn. 
Omne latus terrae cingit mare. Navita nusquam ; 
Nulla per ambiguas puppis itura vias. 

8. Occurrunt animo pereundi mille figurae , 

Morsque minus poenae, quam mora mortis habet. 
Jam, jam venturos aut hac, aut suspicor iliac, 
Qui lanient avido viscera dente, lupos : 

9. Forsitan et fulvos tellus alat ista leones ; 

Quis scit an haec saevas tigridas insula habet .'' 
Et freta dicuntur magnas expellere phocas. 
Quid vetat et gladios per latus ire meum .'' 

10. Si mare, si terras, porrectaque litora vidi, 

Multa mihi terrae, multa minantur aquae. 
Coelum restabat : timeo simulacra deorum. 
Destituor rapidis praeda cibusque feris. 

11. Ergo ego nee lacrymas matris moritura videbo.? 

Nee, mea qui digitis lumina condat, erit .'* 
Spiritus infelix peregrinas ibit in auras ? 
Nee positos artus unget amica manus ? 

12. Ossa superstabunt volucres inhumata marinae ? 

HsBC sunt officiis digna sepulcra meis ? 

Ibis Cecropios portus ; patriaque receptus 

Cum steteris urbis celsus in arce tuae, 

13. Et bene narraris letum taurique virique, 

Sectaque per dubias saxea tecta vias. 
Me quoque narrato sola tellure relictam. 

Non ego sum titulis surripienda tuis. 
Nee pater est iEgeus ; nee tu Pittheidos iEthrsB 

Filius : auctores saxa fretumque tui. 

14 D' facerent, ut me summi de puppe videres ! 

Movisset vultus mcesta figura tuos. 
Nunc quoque non oculis, sed, qua potes, aspice meute 

Haerentem scopulo, quem vaga pulsat aqua. 
Aspice demissos lugentis in ore capillos ; 

Et tunicas lacrymis, sicut ab imbre, graves. 

15. Corpus, ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus, horret ; 

Literaque articulo pressa tremente labat. 
Non te per meritum, quoniam male cessit, adoro j 

Debita sit facto gratia nulla meo ; 
Sed nee poena quidem ; si non ego causa salutis, 

Non tamen est, cur sis tu mihi causa necis 



280 PROSODY CiESURA. §309 

16. Has tibi, plangendo lugubria pectora lassas, 

Infelix tendo trans freta longa manus. 
Hos tibi, qui superant, ostendo moesta capillos 

Per lacrymas oro, quas tua facta movent, 
Flecte ratem, Theseu, versoque relabere velo. 

Si prius occidero, Ju tamen ossa leges. 



C^SURA. 

§ 309. Caesura is the separation, by the ending of a word, of 
syllables rhythmically or metrically connected. 

The following exercises consist of lines serving to illustrate the 
different kinds of caesura. These may be formed into hexameter or 
pentameter verses by changing the position of one word in each 
line. The places in which each kind of caesura occurs are to be 
marked. 

1. Ipse dei clypeus terr& cUm imd tollitur, 
Mane rubet ; rubet terraque, cum conditur im^. 

2. En, proles antiqua redit ; virtus, concordia, 
Cumque fide pietas cervice altd vagantur. 

3. Robora nee cuneis, olentem scindere et cedrum, 
Nee plaustris cessant vectare ornos gementibus. 

4. Sponte juvenco tuus florebit ager cessante ; 
Oblatas mirabitur incola ditior messes. 

5. Non propter vitam quidam faciunt patrimonia, 
Vitio caeci, sed propter patrimonia vivunt. 

6. Sol fugit, et removent subeuntia coelum nubila, 

Et effusis, gravis decidit imber, aquis. 

7. Quod si quis monitis aures tardas adverterit, 

Heu, referet quanto mea verba dolore ! 

8. Arte laboratas puppes vincuntur ab aequore. 

Tu tua hrach.ia plus remis posse putes .'' 

9. Casta placent superis ; venite pura cum veste, 

Et manibus puris sumite aquam fontis. 

10. Corpora sive flamma rogus, seu tabe vetustas 
Abstulerit, posse pati non ulla mala putetis. 

11. Multa dies, variusque mutabilis eevi labor, 
In melius retulit, multos alterna revisens 

. Lusit, 3t in solido fortuna rursus locavit 



^ 309. PROSODY C JESURA. 2bJ 

1*2. Alternis idem cessare tonsas novales, 

Et patiere segnem situ durescere campum, 
Aut ibi flava, mutato sidere, seres farra. 

1 3. Lucus erat nunquam violatus ab longo aevo, 
Obscuruin aera cingens connexis ramis, 

Et gelidas umbras, alte suminotis solibus. 

14. Interea colat pax arva ; pax Candida primum 

Duxit sub juga curva araturos boves. 
Nitent pace bidens vomerque ; at tristia duri 
Militis situs in tenebris occupat arma. 

15 Non domus et fundus, non acervus aeris et auri 
Deduxit aegroto domini corpore febres, 

Non animo curas. Oportet valeat possessor, 
Si uti comportatis rebus bene cogitat. 

16 Hie sedes augusta deae, colendi templique 
Silex religiosa, densis quam pinus obumbrat 
Frondibus, et procella nulla lucos agitante, 
Rami stridula coniferi raodulantur carmina. 



The lines in the exercises which follow may also be formed into 
verses by changing the arrangement of the words. The words print- 
ed in Italics are compound words, which must be divided, and, 
in one instance, a part is to be placed at the beginning of the 
next line. 



1. Ego non falsa loquar : ter acutum ensem sustulit, 

Ter recidit manus male sublato ense. 

2. Sed timor obstitit et pietas ausis crudelibus, 

Castaque dextra refugit mandatum opus, 

3. Cor pavet admonitu noctis sanguine temeratae, 

Et subitus tremor praepedit ossa dextrae. 

4. PoBtque tacitus venit, circumdatus fuscis alis, 

Somnus, et vana somnia incerto pede. 

5. Aures vacent lite, insanaque protinus absint 

Jurgia : livida lingua, differ tuum opus. 

6. Navita non moritur fluctu, non miles cuspide • 
Oppida, immunia funerei lethi, pollent. 

7. Iliados cantabitur conditor, atque Maronis 
Altisoni carmina, facientia palmam dubiam. 

8. Quacvnque so medio agmine virgo furens tulit, 
Hac Aruns subit, et tacitus lustrat vestigia 

24* 



282 PROSODY CiESURA. §309 

9. Tunc genitum Maici, qui reportet fervida dicta, 
Imperat acciri. Cylenius ales astitit, 
Quatiens somniferam virgam, tectusque galero. 

10. Atlantiades paret dictis genitoris, et inde 
Suinma pedum propere illigat plantaribus alls, 
Obnubitque comas, et galero astra teraperat. 

11. Principio, mirantur non reddere mare majus, 
Naturam, quo sit aquarum tantus decursus, 
Quo veniant omnia flumina ex omni parte. 

12. Jaraque, surgens per confinia emeriti Phcebi, 
Titanis, late subvecta silenti mundo, 
Tenuaverat gelid um aera rorifera high 

13. Tale tuuni carmen nobis, poeta divine, 

Quale fessis in gramine sopor ; quale per eestum 
Restinguere sitim saliente rivo dulcis aquae. 

14. Ut sylvae mutantur foliis in pronos annos, 
Prima cadunt; ita vetus aetas verborum interit, 
Et modo nata florent vigentque ritu juvenum, 

15. Hic radiant flores, et viva voluptas prati, 
Variata suo ingenio ; illic fulgentibus 

Toris strata surgunt ; h\c mollis herba panditur, 
Non abruptura soporem solicitum curis. 

16. Quod caret alterna requie, non est durabile. 

Haec reparat vires, novat fessaque membra. 
Arcus et arma tuae Dianae sunt imitanda tibi j 
Si tendere nunquam cesses, erit mollis. 

17. iEquoreae aquae miscentur ; aether caret ignibus, 
Caecaque nox tenebris hyemisque suisque premitur. 
Tamen discutiunt has, praebentque lumen micantia 
Fulmina : undae ardescunt fulmineis ignibus. 

18. Movit et eoos recessus fama bellorum, 
Qu^ Ganges colitur, qui solus in toto orbe 
Solvere ostia contraria nascenti PhcEbo, 
Audet et impellit fluctus in adversum Eurum. 

19. Hic purpureum ver ; hic circumfundit flumina varios 

humus flores; hic Candida populus antro 

Imminet; et lentae vites texunt umbracula. 

Hue ad(,'s : sine insani fluctus feriant litora. 

20. Dixerat : ille pennas madidantes novo nectare 
Concutit, et maritat glebas fcEcundo rore. 

Quacne volat, vernus color sequitur; in herbas omnia 
Tnrgel hnmus, medioque patent sereno convexa. 



§305. PROSODY SYNALCEPHA AND ECTHLIPSIS. 283> 



SYNAL(EPHA AND ECTHLIPSIS. 

§ 305, 1. Synalcepha is the elision of a final vowel or diph« 

thong in scanning, when the following word begins with a voweL 

2. Ecthlipsis is the elision of a final m with the preceding 
vowel, when the following word begins with a vowel. 



The exercises which follow are designed to exemplify the obser 
vations on caesura, as well as the remarks in § 305 and § 306. The 
introduction of synaloepha or ecthlipsis will not therefore be sufficient 
to form them into verses, without a change in the position of the 
words. The sentences in English are intended to be translated into 
Latin verse, by an application of the rules of syntax, as well as of 
prosody, to the corresponding words in Latin, which follow them : 
in these exercises a change in the arrangement of the words is not 
necessary. 



1. Nempe sylva inter varias nutritur columnas, 
Laudaturque domus, quse prospicit longos agros. 

2. Vivite felices, et vivite mernores nostri, 

Sive erimus, seu fata volent nos fuisse. 

3. Non pigeat agnamve foetumve capellae sinu, 

Oblila matre desertwm, referre domum. 

4. Regumque ducumque res gestae, et tristia bella, 
Homerus monstravit quo numero possent scribi. 

5. Addictus jurare in verba nullius magistri, 
Deferor hospes, quocunque tempestas rapit me. 

6 Post ver, robustior annus transit in aestatem, 

Fitque valens juvenis : enim neque robustior setas 
Ulla nee uberior, nee ulla est, quae magis aestuet. 

7. At nisi pectus purgatum est, quas praelia nobis ! 
Tum scindunt hominem cupidinis quantae acres 
Curse solicitum ! quantique timores perinde ! 

8. Poma quoque, ut primum sensere valentes truncos, 
Et habuere suas vires, raptim ad sidera 
Nituntur propria vi, baud indiga nostrae opisque. 

9. Haec loca certe deserta et taciturna querent!, 

Et aura Zephyri possidet vacuum nemus. " 



^84 PROSODY SYNAL^PHA AND ECTHLIPSIS. ^305 

H\c licet impune proferre occultos dolores, 
- Si modo saxa sola queant tenere fidem. 

i-. Nee incleinentia rigidi cceli conterret eutn, 
Nee frigida vis Boreae, minEe hyemisque. 
Statim axe verso, quin exit protinus in auras, 
Ut ferat laeta nuncia instantis veris. 

11 Oissensuque rumor alitur ; ceu murmurat alti 
Pelagi inipacata quies, cum, fraeto flamine, 

\dhuc durat saevitque tumor, per dubiumque sestum 
Liassa vestigia recedentis venti fluitant. 

12 ixit si fata movent, paratur orbi generique 
lumano lues matura; dehiscent terraene, 
3absidentque urbes ? an fervidus aer toilet temperiem? 
infida tellus negabit segetes ? 

13 (Jtque, viribus sumtis in cursu, solent ire 
Pectore in arma prastentaque tela feri leones ; 
Sic ubi unda admiserat se ventis coortis, 

In arma ratis ibat, erat multoque altior illis. 

14. Tune potes audire murmura vesani ponti fortis? 

et potes jacere in dur& nave ? 

Tu fulcire positas pruinas teneris pedibus ? 
Tu, Cynthia, potes ferre insolitas nives ? 

15. Qualis ubi Boreas erupit ab Arctois antris, 
Perverrens aerios campos rapido turbine, 

It ferus coelo, et insequitur piceas nubes toto sethere, 
dant victa locum et cedunt cava nubila. 

16. Sunt dulces herbae ; sunt, quae mitescere flamni^ 
Mollirique queant : nee lacteus humor eripitur vobis, 
nee mella redolentia florem thymi. 

Prodiga tellus suggerit divitias alimentaque mitia ; 
atque prasbet epulas sine esede et sanguine. 



17. And now ambassadors came from the city of Latinus, Crowned 
fi^ith branches of olive, and supplicating favor. 

Jamque orator adsum ex urbs Latinus, 
Velatus ramus olea, veniaque rogans. 



18. Scarcely had the next rising day fringed the tops of the moan- 
tains with light. When first from the deep ocean the horses of the 
sun raise themselves, And breathe forth the light of day from their 
panting notrils. 

Posterus vix summus spargo lumen mons 
Ortus dies, cum primihm altus sui gurges tollo 
Sol equus, luxque elatus naris efflo 



306. PROSODY SYN^RESIS, SYNCOPE, &C. 2feD 

SYNiKRESIS, SYNCOPE, AND APOCOPE. 

§ 306. Synceresis is tlie contraction into one syllaKe of twf 
rowels which are usually pronounced separately. 

§ 3S^9 4. Syncope is the omission of a letter or syllable id 
the middle of a word. 

7. Apocope is the omission of the final letter or syllable of a 
word. 

The contraction of one word, at least, in each of the following exer- 
cises is necessary, in order to form them into verses. The exercises, 
which are not translated, require a change in the position of tlie words 
but in the English exercises this alteration of the arrangement will no* 
be found necessary. 

1. Rure levis apis ingerit flores verno alveo, 
Ut sedula compleat favos dulci melle. 



2. 



Praetereo sapiens argentea : periculum tolle, 
Jam vaga natura prosiliet fraenis remotis. 



3. Super quae ipse jacens, more hirsuti leonis, 
Visceraque, et carnes, ossa oblisisque medullis, 
Semiani^mesque artus, condebat in avidam alvum. 

4. Agros purgamus, agrestes purgamus, dii patrii j 

Vos pellite mala de nostris limitibus. 
Neu seges herbis fallacibus eludat messemj 
Neu segnior agna timeat celeres lupos 

5. Cijm conditor urbis digereret tempora, in anno 

Suo constituit bis quinque menses esse. 
Romuie, scihcet nor?eras arma magis quam sidera; 
Curaque major erat vincere finitimos. 

6. Caprificus findit marraora Messalae, et audax 

Mulio ridet dimidios equos Crispi. 
At nee furta nocent chartis, et prosunt ssBcula, 
Solaque hasc monumenta non noverunt morL 

7. Perpetuoque comans oliva jam deflorescitj 

Et perosa diva fugit aerisonam tubara : 
lo fugit terris, et jam virgo non ultima 
Creditur j usta volavisse ad superas domos. 

b. Tu mihi, currenti ad Candida prajscripta supremsB callis, 

spatium praemonstra. Calliope, callida musa, 

requies hominum, divorumque voluptas ; 

Ut capiam, te duce, coronam cum insigni laude. 

9 Ille saucius pectus gravi vulnere venanfium, 

Tum demum arma movet leo • gaudetque comantea 



286 PROSODY SYNTHESIS, SYNCOPE, &,L'. '^ 322L 

Toros cervice excutiens, latronis fixumque 
Telum "nipavidus frangit, et ore cruento fremii. 

10. Then was life sweet to me ; nor had I any knowledge of crue] 
Anns, nor heard with a trembling heart the trumpet's sound. 

Tunc ego vita foret dulcis ; nee tristis novissem 
Arma, nee audivissem cor micans tuba. 

11. Forcible, and perspicuous, and very much resembling a limpid 
stream, He will pour out his treasures and enrich Latium with a copi- 
ous language. 

VeAemens, et liquidus, purusque simillimus amnis, 
Fundo opas, Latiuinque beo dives lingua. 

12. Why is any man in want, who has not deserved poverty, while 
you are rich ? Why are the ancient temples of the gods falling to 
ruins ? Why, O wicked man, Do you not, for your dear country, take 
something from so great a hoard ? 

Cur egeo indignus quisquam, te divite .-' Quare 
Templum ruo antiquus deus .'' Cur, improbus, carus 
Non aliquis patria tantus emetior acervus .'' 

13. Then Mercury took m his hand the wand, by which he had 
been accustomed to chase away sweet Dreams, and to bring them 
back again , by which he had been wont to enter the gloomy Regions 
of the dead, and again to animate lifeless shades. 

Turn dextra virga insero, qui pello dulcis 
Aut suadeo iterum somnus, qui niger subeo 
Tartara, et exanguis animo assuesco umbra. 

14 The Zephyrs had heard the voice and the sighs of the complain- 
ing shepherd, And the winds sighed with him in mournful sounds: 
The river had heard him, and an echoing murmur to his murmurs 
The water returned, and a complaint to his complaints. 

Audio Zephyrus vox gemitusque dolens, 

Et moestus ventus congemo sonus : 
Audio rivus, resonusque ad murmur murmur, 

Et questus ad questus, ingemino aqua. 

15. Streams of silver flow over the verdant plains; The sand, richer 
than Hesperian Tagus, appears as gold. Through the odoriferous 
riches the gentle air of the Zephyr breathes, A dewy air, springing up 
imong innumerable roses. 

Flumen vernans lambo argenteus campus; 

Ditior Hesperius, flaveo arena, Tagus. 
Serpo odoriferus per opes levis aura Favonius, 

Aura, sub innumerus, humidus, natus rosa. 

16. Then the poet, rejoicing in the prosperous state of his country, 
Sought again the harmonious strings of his neglected lyre ; And 
having attuned with a slender quill its idle strings. He swept the 
renowned instrument of ivory with a ioyful hand 



^306, PROSODY DI.ERESIS, EP'ONTH KSIS, &LV.. 2S1 

Turn, patria festus Isetatus tenipu^. vcitcs 

Uesuelus repeto filum canorus lyia ; 
Et, reses lenis modulatus pecten nervus 

PoUex festivus nobilis duco ebur. 

J 7. Have you seen (surely you often see) that the drooping liliea 
wither, Which a shower of rain beats down? Thus did she waste 
away with a slow disease, thus did she grow pale. Her lapt day now 
drawing near its end. 

Videone (quin saepe video) ut languidus marceo 

Lilium, qui praegravo imber aqua ? 
Lentus sic pereo tabum, sic palleo ille, 

Ad iinis extremiis jam properans dies. 

18. The ship, weighed down by the slaughter of the men, and 
filled with much blood, Receives frequent blows on its curved side : 
But after it let in the sea at its leaking joints, Filled to its highest 
parts, it sunk in the waves. 

Strages vir cumulatus ratis, multusque cruor 
Plenus, per obliquus creber latus accipio ictus • 
At postquam ruptus pelagus compages haurio, 
Ad summus repletus forus, descend© in unda. 

19. He admires at a distance the arms and empty chariots of heroes. 
Their sprars stand fixed in the ground, and at liberty in different places 
Through the plaine their horses feed : that care of their chariots ■ 

of their arms, which they had when alive, that care their shii np 
Horses to train up, the same follows them, though interred in the ea n 

Arma procul currusque vir miror inanis. 
Sto terra defixus hasta, passimque solutus 
Per campus pascor equus : qui gratia currus 
Armaque fuit vivus, qui cura nitens 
Pasco equus, idem sequor tellus repositus. 



DliERESIS, EPENTHESIS, AND PARAGOGE. 

§ 306, 2. Diceresis is the division of one syllable into two. 

§ S2^2>^ 3. Epenthesis is the insertion of a letter or syllable in 
the middle of a word. 

6. Paragoge is the addition of a letter or syllable to the end of 

a word. 

Besides the introduction of one of the preceding figures into each 
of the following exercises, the arrangement of the words must he 
changed ; in the exercises which are translated, this change may b« 
confined to one word only in each line. 

1. Libabant pocula Racchi in medio aul(B, 

Dapibus impositis auro, tenebant paterasque. 



288 PROSODY DliERESIS, EPENTHESIS, &C. § 306. 

2. Si nulla copia lymphae finiret sitim tibi, 

Narrares medicis ; quod paravisti (sync.) quanto plura 
Cupis tan to plura, nulline nudes fateriP 

3. Ilia est audax male. Stabant cum atris vestibua 
Ante toros fratrum sorores, crine demisso : 

Una e quibus, trahens tela haerentia viscere, 
Moribunda reianguit ore iinposito fratri. 

4. Atque hie legates remissos ex iEtola urbe, 
Jubet fari, quae referant ; et reposcit responsa, 
Cuncta suo ordine. Turn silentia facta Unguis, 
Et Venulus parens dicto ita infit/ari. 

5. HaBC prseterea duo oppida djsjectis muris, 
Vides reliquias veterumque Virorum monumenta. 
Hanc pater Janus condidit, banc urbem Saturnus ; 
Janiculum f'uerat nomen huie, illi Saturnia. 

6. QuasssB puppes ducuntur in cava navalia, 

Ne temere dissolvantur in mediis aquis. 
Ne cadat, et inhonestet multas palmas adeptas, 

Languidus equus carpit gramina in pratis. 
Miles, ut non est satis utilis emeritis annis, 
Ponit ad antiquos Lares arma, quae tulit. 

7. Qualis ubi nimbus sidere abrupto ad terras 

It per medium mare, heu, prsBscia longe miseris 
Agricolis corda horrescunt ; ille dabit ruinas 
Arboribus stragemque satis, late ruet omnia. 
Venti antevolant, ferunt sonitumque ad litora. 
Rhoeteus ductor talis in adversos hostes. 

8. Urbs quoque et tutela tuarum legum lassat te, 

Et morum, quos cupis esse similes tuis. 
Nee otia, quae prsestas gentibus, contingunt tibi ; 

Bellaque irrequieta geris cum multis. 
In lioc pondere tantarum rerum, mirer igitur 
Te unquam evolvisse nostros jocos. 

9. Ivory surrounds the courts ; the roof is rendered firm by brazer 
oeame: j And ores rise up into lofty columns. 

Atrium cingo ebur ; trabs solido (bs culmen ; 
et in celsus columna surgo electrum. 

10. It was night, and through all the lands, the wearied animals. 
And the race of birds and of cattle, deep sleep held fast. 

Sum nox, et terra animal fessus per omnis. 
Ales pecusque genus, altus sopor habeo. 

11. For the cautious wolf shuns the pitfall, and the hawk The sua 
pected snares, and the kite the concealed hook. 

Enim cautus metun foA^ea lupus, accipiterque 
Laqueus suspectus. et opertus milvus ham us. 



^ 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 289 

12. If the fates would suffer me to pass my life a^eeably to my 
own wishes, And to relieve my cares in my own way, 1 would first 
renew the Trojan city and the beloved remains of my countrymen ; 
The lofty towers of Priam should still stand. 

Ego si fatum mens patior duco vita auspicium, 

et meus sponte compono cura, 

Urbs Trojanus primum meus dulcisque, 
Colo reliquiae ; Priamus tectum altus maneo. 



ENALLAGE, OR VARIATION OF WORDS. 

In the composition of Latin verse, it will often be found necessary 
not only to change the prosaic arrangement of the words, but to sub- 
stitute for some of the expressions, other phrases of the same signifi- 
cation, but of different length and quantity. In the following exercises, 
the blanks are to be filled by a word in the preceding line. 

§ 3^3. 3. Enallage is a change of words, or a subssitution of 
one gender, number, case, person, tense, mood, ar voice of the 
same w^ord for another. 

The plural number is sometimes used instead of the singular ; 
adjectives instead of adverbs ; possessive adjectives instead of 
genitives, and genitives instead of possessive adjectives; partici- 
ples instead of verbs, relatives and verbs, or conjunctions and 
verbs ; compound instead of simple, and simple instead of com- 
pound words ; a word or words repeated instead of a conjunc- 
tion ; neuter verbs instead of sum ; sum instead of haheo ; a passive 
instead of an active voice ; or an impersonal verb instead of a. 
neuter verb with a nominative. 

S'tnguiar and Plural. 

1 . Time passes on ; and we in the silently fleeting years grow old ;. 
And the days speed away, no curb restraining them. 

Tempus labor ; tacitusque senesco annus ; 
Et fugio, non freenum remorans, dies. 

2. My father sways the sceptre of Asia, than which there is not a 
happier land, Scarcely is it possible to pass over its extensive 
boundaries. 

Sceptrum parens Asia, qui nullus beatior ora, 
Finibus immensis vix, teneo, obeunda. 

3. Jove had nodded his assent ; each pole was made to tremble bj 
his nod ; And Atlas felt the weight of the heaven. 

Jupiter annuo ; tremefactus uterque nutus 
Sum polus ; e ccelum pondus sentio Atlas. 
25 



290 PROSODY ENALLAGE. ^ 323. 

4. If there was any one, who to chaplets made of the flowers of 
the field Could add violets, he was considered rich. 

Si quis sum, factus pratum de jlos corona 
Qui addo possum viola, dives sum. 

5. He shall give you wine, made on those mountains, From which 
he himself came, under the brow of which he has played. 

Hie tu vinum do, diffusus in mons ille, 
A qui ipse venio, qui ludo sub vertex. 

6. My mother held me fast, and added also these words with her 
rosy lips; "O my son, what great provocation thus excites your 
ungoverned anger.? Why are you thus enraged.'' or whither has 
your regard for me fled .? " 

Contineo, roseusque ore hie insuper addo , 

" Natus, quis indomitus tantus dolor excito ira ? 

Quid furo .'' aut quonaui ego tibi cura recedo ? " 

7. All the grove is shattered ; the storms tear ofi^ the ancient 
Branches of the trees ; and though for ages penetrated by no Sun, the 
bowers of shady Lycaeus have been laid open. 

Omnis nemus frangor ; rapio antiquus procella 
Brachia sylva; nullusque aspectus per onvum 
Sol, umbrosus pateo aestiva Lycaeus. 

8. There let the spices, which fertile Panchaia sends forth, And the 
Eastern Arabians, and rich Assyria, And there also let tears be poured 
forth in remembrance of me. Thus do I wish verses to be composed 
on my remains. 

Illuc merx, qui mitto pinguis Panchaia, 

Eousque Arabes, et Assyria dives, 
Et ego memor lacrymae fundor eodem. 
Sic ego componor velim versus in os. 

9. Seek, O master of the feast, for other guests. Whom the regal 
splendors of your table may captivate. Me let my friend invite to 
meals that are quickly dressed. That feast only pleases me, which I 
am able to give in return. 

Conviva alius, ccena, qusero, magister. 

Qui mensa regnum superbus tuus capio. 
Ego meus amicus ad subitus invito ofella. 

Hie ego placeo, qui possum reddo, cosna. 

10. His natal day is come, let us utter before the altars propitious 
words. Thou, O man, and thou, O woman, whosoever thou art that 
drawest near, refrain from every adverse sound. Let sacred incense 
be burned; let the odors be burned, Which the soft Arabians send 
from their fertile land. 

Bonus verbum dico, venio natalis, ad ara. 

Quisquis adsum, vir mulierque, linguA fave. 
Uror plus thiLS focus : uror odor, 

Qui tener e terra dives mitto Arabs. 



§323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 291 

11. I desire not riches, nor yet would T be so meanly potr, That a 
rich man may disdain to enter my house. May a friendly circ e also, 
before my spacious fire, Delight to beguile with me the dulness of a 
winter night with amusing tales. 

Divitiae non peto, nee sum tam sordide egenus, 

Nauseo ut dives tectum subeo me us. 
Quin egocum historia ad largus ignis circulus 

Decipio hybernus tcBdium nox amo. 

12. Lo, my locks lie dishevelled without order on my neck. Nor do 
glittering jewels encircle my joints ; I a^ clothed in a miserable dress 
no gold is in my tresses ; My hair is not perfumed with Arabian dew. 

Ecce collum sparsus sine lex capillus jaceo, 
Nee premo articulus lucidus gemma meus : 

Vestis tego vilis ; nullus sum aurum in crinis ; 
Non Arabus mcMS ros capillus oleo. 



Adjective and Adverb. 

13. You spend your quiet hours of leisure delightfully at home 
your sweet Children smile around you, and run to you for kisses. 

Lcet^ ago securus domesticus otia ; dulcis 
Arrideo circij^m, et propero ad osculum natus. 

14. What body of men, O citizens, is brought hither in a black 
cloud of dust? Bring arms quickly, furnish darts, mount the walls. 

Quis globus, O civis, ater caligo volvor ? 

Fero citd ferrum, {enall.) do telum, scando murus. 

15. The lands produce harvests, when by the heat of the burning 
dog-star The earth annually yields the yellow ears of corn. 

Rus messis fero, calidus cilm sidus aestus 

Depono flavus qvotannis (nnnuus) terra coma. 

16. But the ram himself in the meadows, sometimes with sweetly 
glowing Purple, sometimes with yellow dye, shall tinge his fleece. 

Ipse sed in pratum aries, jam svaviter rubens 
Murex, jam muto vellus {enall.) croceus lutum. 

17. The winds being changed roar in an opposite direction, And 
from the lowering west Spring up; and the air is condensed into a 
c'oud. 

Mutatus transversa fremo, et vesper ab ater 
Consurgo ventus ; atque aer in nubes cogor. 

18. The trees also appear to mourn, their leaves being gone, A/id 
the birds do not sweetly sing. 

Quinetiam ramus positus lugeo videor frons, 
et non (nullus) dulce queror avis 



*292 PROSODY ENALLAGE. 'J 323 

1;). Plenty relieves not his hunger; parching thirst he throat Dries 
up ; and he is deservedly tormented by the now-hated gold. 

Copia non fames relevo ; sitis aridus guttur 
Uro; et invisus meritd torqueor ab aurum. 

20. Osiris first made ploughs with a skilful hand, And turned up 
the soft ground with iron. He first committed seeds to the untried 
ground, And gathered apples from trees before unknown 

Primiivi aratrum manus solers facio Osiris, 

Et tener humus ferrum solicito. 
Primiim inexpertus committo semen terra, 

Pomumque ab non notus lego arbos. 



Adjective and Substantive. 

21. O son of iEson, fickle and more inconstant than the breeze of 
spring. Why are your words without their promised weight.'' 

Mobilis .^sonide, veris(\\xe incertior aura. 
Cur tuus verbum pollicitus pondus careo .'' 

22. At a fixed hour also the morning leads through the realms 
Ethereal the rosy dawn, and diiFuses the light around. 

Tempus item certus roseus per ora Matuta 
^thereus aurora defero, et lumen (enalL) pando. 

23. Night had begun to bury the cares of men in her deep Bosom, 
and sleep had spread abroad her heavy wings. 

Coepi hominum altus sopio labor 

Nox gremium, pigerque ala sopor diffundo, 

24. But neither do I always remain confined in my house or in the 
city ; Nor does the vernal season pass away unenjoyed by nie. 

Sed neque sub tectum semper, nee lateo (enall.) in urbs j 
Irritus nee ego (enalL.) tempus (enall.) vermis eo. 

25. Then in the gate with his mouth encompassed with serpents 
black Cerberus Howls, and stands as a sentinel before the gates of 
brass. 

Turn niger in porta serpentum os Cerberus strido, 
et ceris excubo ante fores. 

26. But that primitive age, to which we have applied the epithet 
golden. Was happy in the fruits of trees and in the herbs, which the 
earth produces ; Nor did it stain the mouth with blood. 

At ille vetus setas, qui facio aurea nomen, 
Foetus arborum, et, qui humus educo, herba, 
Fortunatus sum ; nee os (enall.) polluo cruor. 

27. Nor does she believe that the winter uninjurious destroys not 
the roses, That the cold months of the year are gay with th**. herba 



^ 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE 293 

of other months, Nor that the shoots of spring fear not the tempestu- 
ous Bootes. 

Nee credo quod bruma innoxius rosa servo, 

Quod gelidus alienus rubeo gramen (enalL) mensis, 

Veris nee iratus timeo virgultum Bootes. 

28. The father and the husband of Lueretia pardon the deed, whieh 
she was thus compelled to commit. " The pardon," said she, "whieh 
you give to me, 1 myself withhold." There was no hesitation ; she 
instantly pierces her breast with a concealed poniard. And falls, 
stained with blood, at her father's feet. 

Do venia factum coacto genitor conjuxque. 

" Qui," dico, " venia tu do, ipse nego." 
Nee mora j figo suus pectus (enalL) celatus ferrum, 
Et cado in patris sanguinolentus pes. 

29. I do not ask for paternal riches, and the fruits Which a treasured 
harvest afforded to an ancient ancestor. A small field is enough for 
me ; it is enough for me if I ain able to live in peace in my cottage, 
Aud to rest my weary limbs on my accustomed couch. 

Non ego divitia? patrius fructusque require, 

Qui fero antiquus avus conditui? messis. 
Parvus seges satis sum ; safis sum tectum requiesco 

Si licet, et solitus torus membrum levo. 

30. I should have thought that, in the first origin of the rising world, 
no other Days had shone, or had any other temperature : It was then 
spring ; spring the spacious globe enjoyed ; And the east winds with* 
held the blasts of winter. 

Non alius primus crescens mundus origo 
Illuceo dies, aliusve tenor habuisse, 
Credo : ver ille sum ; ver magnus orbis ago; 
' et kyemis parceo flatus Earns. 

31. Wherefore take courage, for neither does the.wisdom of the De- 
ity Exercise itself in vain, nor will the soul be bounded by those Limits 
by which this perishable body is bounded ; but, freed from all Earthly 
pollution, it flourishes, and shall flourish forever. 

Quare sumo animus ; neque enim sapientia Dei 
Opera frustra impendo, neque mens aretor iste 
Limes, qui hoc corpus periturus ; at exsors 
Terrenus labes vigeo, vigeo seternumque. 



Participle and Verb. 

32. And now you may admire the barks gliding so swiftly, And now 
the vessels passing on by cords so slowly. 

Et modo tani celeriter (enall.) miror currens (infin.) linter 
Et modo tam tarde (enalL) funis iens ratis. 

25* 



294 PI»-SODy ENALLAGE. §323. 

33. Do you not also see stones reduced to nothing by time ? Do 
you not see lofty towers falling, and rocks mouldering a vay ? 

Denique non lapis quoque vtctus cerno ab sevum ? 
Non altus turris mens ei putrescens saxum ? 

34. Do we not also see that the tombs of heroes have decayed .'' Do 
we not see flinty fragments falling down, separated from the lofty 
mountains, Neither bearing nor resisting the mighty force of time .'' 

Denique non monumentum vir {sync.) dilabor video .'' 

Non mens avulsus silex a mons altus, 

Nee validus cevum vis (enall.) perferens patiensqutf 

35. His cheeks were seized with paleness ; with a face as tnough 
frozen, he stood, Doubtful whether he should have recourse to flight, 
or supplicate mercy as one subdued, Or betake himself to enemies so 
great. 

Injicior pallor gena ; sto os gelatus, 

Incertus petone fuga, veniave posco subactus, 

an sese transfero in tantus hostis. 

36. Now the vines are tied ; now the vineyards require not the 
praning-hook ; Now the weary vintager sings near the remotest rows 
of his vines ; But still the earth must be turned up, and the mould 
moved ; And still the weather is to be dreaded by the ripening grapes. 

Jam vincior vitis ; jam falx arbustum repono ; 
Jam eflTcEtus cano extremos vinitor antes : 
Solicitandus tamen tellus, movendus pulvisque ; 
Et jam metuendus maturus Jupiter uva. 

37. But Julius Proculus was coming from Longa Alba, And the 
moon was shining, neither was there any need of a torch ; When the 
clouds on his left hand were heard to burst asunder with a sudden mo- 
tion. He drew back his steps ; his hair stood erect with fear ; Splen- 
did, and more than human, and adorned with a royal robe, Romulus 
was seen standing before him in the middle of his path. 

Sed Proculus Alba Longa venio Julius, 

Fulgeo lunaque, nee fax usus sum ; 
Cum subitus motus sinister nubes crepuere. 

Refero ille gradus j coma {enall.) horreoque; 
Pulcher, et major humanus, trabeaque decorus, 

Romulus in aiedius visus est adsum via. 



Participle and Relative and Verb. 

38. What does it profit to rob the vine <.£ the grapes, which are stiil 
growing .? And to pluck, with a mischievous hand, the apples which 
are just formed .? 



Quid fraudo juvo vitis, qvxB crescunt, uva.? 
Et, modo quiB nata sunt, malus vello por 



pomum manus' 



^3-.'^ PROSODY ENALLAGE. 295 

39. This, at least, let her grant to me, who do not ask many thing? 
of her, And let her cover my exposed remains witli cypress leaves. 

Hie ego concede saltern, non multus qxd rogo, 
Nudusque cupressinus (enatl.) frons tego os 

40. You will find that to all the ships, now tossed about in the deep, 
1'he sea was smooth when they first left the port. 

Omnes invenio, nnnc jactatus in altum, 
Navis a portu fretum lenis sum. 

41. Moreover the soul asks not for those joys which are fleeting, 
But for those which are more suitable to itself, and subject to no 
change ; Joys which, through eternal ages, will never perish. 

Gaudium quinetiam non hie, qucBfugitint, posco, 
At sui magis aptus, vicis (enall.) obnoxius nullus, 
Gaudium, perpetuus qucB non interibunt per aevum (enall.) 

42. There the guilty limbs of Ixion, who dared to tempt Juno, Are 
turned continually round on a rapid wheel : And Tityus, stretched 
over nine acres of ground. Feeds with his loathsome bowels birds thaJ 
are ever preying. 

Illic Juno tento, Ixion, qui aiisus est, 

Versor celer rota noxius raembrum : 
Porrectusque, Tityus, per novem juger terra, 

Pasco assiduus ater viscus (enalL.) avis. 



Participle and Conjunction and Verb. 

4 ^. In the mean while, Aurora to wretched mortals the fair Light 
had brought forth, and renews the work and labors of the day. 

Aurora interea mortalis miser almus 

Efiero lux, et referet opus (enall.) atque labor. 

44. In the country also The white sheep carries on her back the soft 
fleece, And will soon afibrd employment to the youthful maidens. 

Rus etiam, tener cura et exhibcbit puella, 
Mollis gero tergum lucida ovis vellus. 

45. And when men shall let loose their tongues in revilings Against 
you, and asperse your names with false Accusations, rejoice, and with 
a firm mind endure it all. 

Et cum mortalis solvo lingua in jurgia 
Vos contra, falsus et onerant nomen vester 
Crimen, gaudeo, ac fero firmus pectus. 

46. Now the flocks and the birds are silent; now sleep Steals on the 
miser's cares, and descending passes through the air, And brings to his 
wearied mind sweet repose. 



296 PROSODY ENALLAGE. §323 

Jam pecus volucrisque taceo ; jam avari s (enall.) somnus 

Inserpo cura, pronusque nuto per aer, 

Gratus laboratus et refert oblivium {enal. ) vita. 

47. Alexander, the Macedonian, weeps, when he had subdued to 
himself the whole world, And is grieved that nothing remains to be 
conquered by his arms. Xerxes weeps, because of all his multitudes 
of soldiers not one, When the next age shall arrive, not one will be 
living. O Macedonian, I will not commend your tears ; your humane 
sorrow I applaud, O Persian, and am willing to weep with you. 

Macedo fleo, sui totus ubi debello orbis, 

Et indignatur anna nihil {sync.) supersum suus. 

Fleo Xerxes, quod suus de mille nemo, setas, 
Proximus cijm venio, nemo sum superstes. 

Nolo tuus lacrymas, Macedo ; ego laudo dolor 
Humanus, et tucum, Persa, volo doleo. 



Simple and Compound. 

48. Lucifei", the morning star, arose above the mountain Casiua 
And ushered in the day to Egypt, glowing with the rising sun. 

Lucifer prospicio a Casi^ rupe, diesque 
Immitto in ^gyptus, primus quoque sol calens. 

49. First behold the oceans, the kingdoms, and the heaven. The 
same day shall assign them all to destruction, and, though through 
many years Preserved, the fabric and system of the universe shall 
perish. 

Principio mare, ac terra, coelumque intueor. 
Dies unus do exitium, multusque per annus 
Sustentatus, ruo moles et mundus machina. 

50. The gods have shown you to us, as a welcome star to the tossed 
vessel, Which, having weathered two storms. Is still beaten by the 
waves, and which, its pilot being baffled, is hurried along at random. 

Tu ego, ceu sidus dulcis trepidus carina, 
Ostendo deus, geminus, qui, prolapsus procella, 
Tundor, et, victus magister, trahor jam caecus. 

51. I did not, when a child in my early years, address to you, O my 
mother, endearing words. Uttered with a lisping tongue. 1 did not 
embrace your neck with my infant arms, Neither did I sit a pleasing 
burden on your knee, 

Non tu blanditise, mens mater, in primus annus, 

Incertus os dictus, puella fero. 
Non ego capto tuus collum (enall.) brevis lacertus, 

Nee gremium insedeo sarcina gratus tuus. 

52. When, therefore, the years, as they gently pass away, old age 
Gradually bring on, he views approaching death in the frame of 



§ 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 297 

mind, With which he, who has been tossed about with long-continued 
tempests. Holds in sight a port, and a refuge from his labors. 

Ergo senectus annus, ut labor (enaU.) leniter, 
Cum sens'imf ero, mors iste mens propinquus 
Aspicio, ut longus, qui, actus tempestas, 
Portus teneo in conspectus, efFugiumque malorum. 

53. Thus Boreas, when first rising, shakes with a gentle breeze th« 
waving branches, And murmurs through the quivering Leaves; soon 
becoming fiercer, he blows out each of his cheeks, And shakes th« 
strong trunks of the trees with their lofty tops. 

Haud aliter lenis flamen nutans ramus 

Surgens agito Boreas, tremulusque susurro 

Per frons: mox bucca uterque inflo animosior, 

Et validus quasso truncus cum vertex (enall.) celsus. 

54. Afterwards, when all the strength of Boreas has been collected, 
and a greater blast Through the whole wood is heard, from their deep- 
est iv>jts The ancient oaks on the ground he lays, and increases the 
boisterous storm, And covers all the grove with an extended ruin. 

Post, ubi vis (enall.) colligor, (enall.) majorque tumultus 
Pertotus sylva audior, ab radix imus 
Prosterno humi antiquus quercus, rapidusque procella 
Glomero, latusque impleo nemus omnis ruina. 

55. Mars heard these words, and from the snowy rocks of ^mus He 
rises, and thus with a loud voice urges his active attendants ; " Bring 
to me, O Bellona, my helmet ; my car, O Fear, prepare ; let Terroi 
yoke my rapid steeds." 

Audio (sync.) ille pater, nivales scopulusque ^mus 
^ssurgo, et hortor celer clamor minister ; 
" Affero galea, Bellona, ego ; nexusque rotarum 
Tendo, Pavor ; fraeno rapidus jugalis Formido." 

56. A bird, fearing the hawk, with trembling wings Dares, when 
weary, to come for refuge to a human bosom. Nor does the frightened 
stag, when flying from the savage dogs, Hesitate to trust herself to a 
neighboring house. 

Accipiter metuens, ales penna trepidans 

Audeo human us fessus advenio sinus, (enall.) 

Nee sui committo vicinus dubito tectum 

Effugiens (enall.) infestus, territus cerva, canis. 

57. Remember also that the mind, injured by long rust, Grows dull, 
and is much less vigorous than it formerly was. The fertile field, if it 
be not continually renewed by the plough, Will produce nothing but 
grass with thorns. The horse, who shall have stood still for a Jong 
time, will run badly, and among the horses Sent from the starling- 
ulace, will run last in the race. 

Adde quod ingenium Isesus longus rubigo 

Torpeo, et sum multo minor quam sum ante. 
Fertilis, si non renovor assiduo (enall.) aratrum 



SJ98 PROSODY ENALLAGE. '^ 323 

Nihil (sync.) habeo, nisi cum spina gramen, ager. 
Qui longus tempus sto, male curro, et inter 

Career {enall.) demissus, ultimo (enall.) eo equus. 



Repetition and Conjunction. 

58. Hope supports the husbandmen, and commits to the plougheii 
furrows The seeds, which the land may return with a great increase. 

Spes alo agricola, et sulcus credo aratus 
Semen, qui reddo magnus foenus ager. 

59. The spring is very beneficial to the leaves of the groves and to 
the woods. In the spring the lands swell and ask for the genial seeds. 

Ver adeo frons {enall.) nemus, et utilis sylva: 
Ver tumeo terra et semen genitalis posco. 

60. We are exploring other abodes and worlds. An ardent desire of 
being carried in a fearless flight through the vast expanse of space 
Impels us. It is delightful, O it is delightful to go among the shining 
worlds In the air, to roam over the wandering stars of the lofty 
heaven. 

Ego sedes alius et exquiro orbis. 
Ego feror vastum per inane impavidus volatus 
Ingens amor urgeo. Juvat, O juvat eo per ignis 
yEtheris, {enall?) lustro vagus lumen altus caelum. 

61. But now 1 wander alone through the woods and the meadows, 
Where the sylvan shades are thick in the valleys. Here I wait for the 
evening Above my head the rain and the wind Sound mournfully, 
and the gloom of the shattered forest is disturbed. 

At jam solus ager et pascuum oberro, 

Sicubi ramosus umbra densor vallis. 

Hic expecto serum. Supra caput imber et Eurus 

Sono triste, fractusque agitor {enall.) crepusculum {enall.) sylva. 

G2. A race temperate and sagacious, industrious and provident, Plow 
peacefully and wisely do the bees pass their life ! They have among 
them the social regulations of a city ; to every one Is appointed his 
share of labors and his duties. 

(iens frugi et prudens, providus et operosus, vita 

Quam placide perago et sapienter apis ! 
Urbs habeo consortium {enall.) inter suisui ; quique 

Sto suus pars opus et munia. 

63. Atlas carries the world on his strong shoulders, and bent double 
by its weight Is covered with sweat, and toils under the immense 
burden. What sinews, and neck, and arms, What strong j-oints in the 
legs, must so heavy a load require ! O go on warily, for if the least 
Blip Should befall your steps, we are all lost. 



^ 325i. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 299 

Robustus tero mundus humerus, et sudo pondus curvus, 

et ingens moles Atlas laboro 

Qui nervus, et cervix, et brachia, crurum 

Quam validus nexus, onus tam gravis posco ! 
O caute incedas, nam minimus si tibi lapsus 

Offendo gressus, ruo {enall.) omnia. 



Sum and Verb Neuter. 

64. Here, where Rome now is, was once an unlopped grove, And 
the city now so large was once a pasture-ground for a few oxen. 

Hie, ubi nunc Roma sum, incseduus sylva sum (vireo,) 
Tantusque res sum paucus pascuum bos. 

65. But the abode of the wicked lies hidden in thick darkness 
Around which are gloomy rivers. 

At sceleratus (enall.) jaceo sedes abditus in nox profundus, 
qui circum flumen niger sum (sono.) 

66. Soon also distress was inflicted on the corn, so that noxious 
Mildew consumed the stalks, and the unfruitful thistle was in the 
fields. The standing corn dies, and a rough wood succeeds. 

Mox et frumentum (enall.) labor additus, ut culmus malus 
Edo rubigo, segnisque sum, (horreo) in arvum 
Carduus. Seges intereo, (enall.) subeo asper sylva. 



Sum. and Habeo. 

67. Not if 1 had a hundred tongues, and a hundred mouths. And a 
voice of iron, could I mention all the species of crimes. Nor enumer- 
ate all the names of their punishments. 

Non ego si linguas centum habeam, oraque centum, 

Ferrum (enall.) vocem, omnis comprehendo (sync.) scelus forma. 

Possum omnis poena percurro nomen. 

68. The Naiad Amalthea, illustrious in Cretan Ida, is said to have 
hidden Jupiter in the woods. She was possessed of a she-goat, the 
beautiful mothef of two kids. Distinguished among the Dictaean flocks. 

Nais Amalthea, Cretaeus Ida nobilis, 

Dicor in sylva Jupiter occulo. 
HcBC habuit haedus matrem formosam duo. 

Inter Dictaeus grex conspiciendam. 

69. With horns lofty and bending upon her back. With an uddet 
which might belong to the nurse of Jupiter, she gave milk to the god 
but she broke her horn against a tree, and was deprived of the half 
part of her beauty. 

Cornu aerius atque in suus tergum (enall.) recurvus. 
Uber, qui nutrici posset esse Jupiter, 



300 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 32*3. 

Ille lac do deus ; sed frango in arbor cornu, 
Truncusqur sum dimidius pars decus. 

70. This broken horn the nymph took up, and brough it wound 
lound with fresh flowers And full of apples into the prest nee of Ju- 
piter. He, when he possessed the sovereignty of heaven, and sat on 
the throne of his father. And nothing was greater than unconquered 
Jove, Changed into stars his nurse and his nurse's fruitful horn, To 
which even now is applied the name of her mistress. 

Nymphe tollo hie, cinctusque recens herba, 
Et pomum plenus, ad Jupiter os (enall.) fero. 

Ille, ubi res (enalL.) cesium teneo, soliumque pater (enall.) sedeo, 
et nihil (sync.) invictus Jupiter major sum 

Facio sidus nutrix, nutrix fertilis cornu, 
cui domina nunc quoque nomen esse. 



.Active and Passive. 

71. Autumn produces apples; the summer is beautiful with the 
harvests; Flowers are given us by the spring, fire alleviates the 
winter. 

Autumnus pomum do ; formosus sum messis eestas ; 
Vere prcabentur jlorrs ; ignis levat hyemem. 

72. The huntsman knows well where he may spread his nets lor 
the stags ; He knows well in what valley the foaming boar lingers. 
Fowlers know the shrubs. He, who holds the hooks. Knows what 
waters are swum in by many fish. 

Venator scio bene cervus ubi rete tendo ; 

Scio bene qui vallis moror frendens aper. 
Aucupes noscvnt (enall.) frvtices. Qui sustineo hamus, 

Novi qui aqua multus piscis (enall.) nator. 

73. There is no delay ; they weeping begin their work ; and are 
emulous to heap the altar of the funeral pile With trees, and to raise it 
toward heaven. They repair to an ancient wood, the deep retreats of 
savage beasts. The firs fall down ; the oak, cut down with axes, falls 
crashing ; And beams of ash and the yielding oak are cleft with 
wedges ; They roll from the mountains huge ash-trees. 

Haud mora; flens festino, araque sepulcrum 
Congero arbor certo, ccelumque educo. 
Eunt in antiquus sylva, stabulum altus fera. 
Picea prociimbo ; sono, ictus securis, ilex ; 
Fraxineus trabs, cuneus et fissilis robur scinditur; 
advolvo ingens ornus mons. 



Variation of Case. 

74. She had duly presided over the temple for many years, Ana 
perforined the cruel rites with an unwilling hand ; When tw« 



^323. PROSODY ENALLAf.E. 30l 

youths arrived in a ship with sails, And pressed with their feet our 
shores. 

Praesum templum multis is rite annis, 

Et perago (enatl.) invitus tristis sacra manus ; 
Ciam duo juvenis velifer venio carina, 
Premoque suus pes {enali.) littus noster. 

75. Their age was the same, as well as their love tor each other 
one of them was Orestes, The other was Pylades. Fame still pre 
serves their names. They are instantly led to the cruel altar of Dia 
na, Bound with both their hands behind their backs. 

Par sum horum aetas et amor ; de quibus alter Orestes, 

Alter Pylades sum. Nomen fama teneo. 
Protinus Trivia ducor immitis ad ara, 

Evincti geminas manus ad suus tergum. 

76 And while the priestess prepares the sacrifice, and covers tneil 
temples with fillets, And still invents causes for her long delay, " Par 
don me, O youths," she said; " I am not thus cruel. I perform sacri 
Sees more barbarous than the country itself." 

Dumque sacrum paro, et (enall.) velo tempora vitta, 
Et (enall.) tardus causa usque in venio mora, 

" Non ego crudelis, ignosco, juvenis, ' dico ; 
" Sacra qua.m, suus facio barbarior locus. '^ 

77. "This is the rite of the nation. But from what city do you 
come .'* Or why have you made such a voyage in a ship so little 
fortunate .'' " She said ; and, the name of their country having been 
told her, the pious virgin Finds them to be inhabitants of her own 
city. . 

" Ritus is sum genti. E qua tu tamen urbe venio .'' 
Quove peto (sync.) parum faustus puppis iter .'' " 

Dico; et auditus patria nomen, pius virgo 
Consors sum urbs comperio suus. 

78. " But let one of you," she said, " fall a victim in our rites. Let 
the other go as a messenger to my native land." Pylades, ready to 
die, urges his beloved Orestes to go. He refuses; and each contends 
to die in the stead of the other. 

" Alter at vestrum,'' inquam, " cado hostia sacra. 

Ad patrius sedes eo nuntius alter." 
Pylades eo jubeo carus periturus Orestes. 

Hie nego ; uterque inque vicis pugno morior. 

79. While the honorable youths carry on this contest of love, She 
writes to her brother a letter. She gave her written commands to her 
brother, and he to whom they were intrusted, (Behold an instance of 
the vicissitude of human affairs,) was her brother. 

Dum pulcher juvenis perago certamen amor, 

Fratri scriptas exaro ille notas. 
Fratri mandatum do, quique ille do, 

Frater (humanos casus aspicio) sum. 

26 



'J02 PROSODY EJVJALLAGE. ^ 323 

80. There is no delay ; they hurry away the statues of Diana from 
the temple, And a ship carries them secretly through the immense 
waters. The wonderful friendship of these youths, although so many 
years have passed, has even now great renown in Scythia. 

Nee mora ; templo rapio simulacrum Diana, 

Clamque per immensus fero (enall.) puppis aqua. 

Mirus amor juvenis, quamvis tot annus abeo. 
In Scythia nunc quoque magnus nomen habeo. 

81. Neither do the violets nor the opening lilies always flourish, And 
the deserted thorn grows stiff", the rose being lost ; And soon hoary 
hairs will come to you, O lovely youth ! Soon will wrinkles come, 
which will make furrows in your skin. 

Nee semper viola nee hians lilium floreo, 

Et rigeo spina relictus, amissus rosa : 
Et ad te jam canus venio, formosus, capillus ; 

Jam venio ruga, qui tuum corpus arent. 

82. Form now an understanding which may last, and add it to your 
beauty ; That alone remains to the last day of life. Nor let it be 
made a trifling concern to cultivate the mind with the liberal arts, And 
to learn perfectly two languages. 

Jam molior animus, qui duro, et forma astruo ; 

Ille solus ad extremes permaneo rogos. 
Nee levis ingenuis pectus colo artihus 

Cura sum, et edisco duo lingua. 

83. I have often, though unwillingly, drunk bitter juices when sick, 
And the feast has been denied to me, though asking for it. You will 
endure sword and fire that you may save the body ; Nor, though thirsty, 
will you wash your parched mouth with water. Will you, then, refuse 
to bear any thing that you may be well in mind.'* But this part of 
man is of more value than the body. 

Ssepe bibo succus seger, quamvis invitus, amarus ; 

et mensa negor {enall.) ego orans. 

Ut corpus redimo ferrum et ignis {enall.) patior, 

Nee sitiens aridus os {enall.) levo aqua. 
Ut valeo animus quisquam nego tolero .'' 

\i pretium pars hie qua/m corpus majus habet. 



Synonymous Words. 

84. Alas ! when you least expect it, in the very flower of youth| 
Death suddenly cuts off at once all the hope of the family. 

Heu ! ininime cum reor, m juventa ipse flos, 

Mors inopinate {enall.) domus spes protinus abripio cunctus. 

85. There is no need of envy ; far from me be the applause of the 
crowd ; He who is wise, should find a source of joy in the retirement 
of his own breast. 



§> 323 PROSODiT ENALLAGE. 303 

Nihil (sync.) opus sum mvidia ; procul absura gloria valgus ; 
Qui sapio, in tacitus gaudeo is sinus. 

86. You, Zoilus, who are well dressed, ridicule my threadbare gar 
ments They are indeed threadbare, but, Zoilus, they are my own. 

Qui pexor (enall.) pulchre, rideo meus tritus, Zotlus. 
Sum hie tritus quidem, Zoilus, at meus sum. 

87. Aurora, in the mean time, to wretched mortals the fair Light 
had brought forth, and renews the works and labors of the day. 

Aurora interea miser homo almus 

EfFero lux, et refero (enall.) opus et labor, 

88. Indeed, the approach of death alarms him only, W ^o, if there 
should be any existence beyond the grave, trembles for himself: It 
alarms not him who has passed his life righteously and piously. 

Scilicet hie unus mors vicinia turbo, 

Qui sui metuo, {enall.) si quid sum (resto) post funus : (enall.) 

Non hie, qui recte vita ago (enall.) sancteque. 

89. He, when the expected day of death approaches. Looks forward 
to eternal life ; he, triumphing in a better hope, Even now anticipates 
in hope the joys of the inhabitants of heaven. 

Hie, cum maturus dies mors advenio (enall.) oevum 
Suspicio (Bternus; hie, spes melior triumphans, 
Coelicola (sync.) jam nunc votis praelibo gaudium. 

90. Let the ox plough, or let him impute his death to advanced 
years. Let the sheep afford us the means of defence against the 
cold north wind. Let the full she-goats bring their udders to be 
milked by us. 

Bos aro, aut letum senior imputo annus. 
Horrifer contra Boreas ovis arma prcBbeo. 
Uber satur manus pressandus do capella. 

91. The color had forsaken my cheeks ; a leanness had seized on my 
limbs ; My reluctant mouth took but little food. Neither were my 
slumbers pleasant, and the night was tedious to me ; And, though op- 
pressed by no particular cause of sorrow, I often breathed a sigh. 

Effugio (enall.) ore color ; artus adduco macies ; 

Capio minimus os (enall.) coactus cibus. (enall ) 
JVeque somnus facilis, atque nox sum annuus ego; (enall.) 

Atque gemitus, nullus laesus dolor, do. 

9^. The sacred spring is clear, and jmore transparent than a crystal 
stream ; Many think that a deity inhabits it. Above it the water- loving 
lotos spreads its branches. As though it were itself a grove ; the earth 
around it is always green with soft turf. 

Sum nitidus vitreusque magis lucidus (enall.) fluvius 
Fons sacer ; ille multus numen habeo credo. 

Supra qui ramus expando aquaticus lotos, 
ITnus sylva ; tener cespes terra vireo 



304 PROSODY ENAl \GE. <^ 323 

93. Let riches be heaped up together ; whither glory or whithei 
ambition leads, There go, surrounded by a crowded throng Of depend- 
ants, greeting you early in the morning. But what need is there of 
many words .'' You are at length Brought to this point, that you ex 
claim, " Alas ! how much vanity is there in worldly things !" 

Cumulor (enal.l ) divitice; duco quo gloria quove 
Anibitio, stipatus pergo examen densus 

Mane salutans. Quid multa ? Hue denique volvor eodem, 
■ ut exclamo, {enait ) " Heu, quantum inane in res ! '" 

94. Pluto himself appears seated on a rough throne, awful in 
gloomy Majesty ; his huge sceptre appears frightful in the dismal 
Shade ; a gloomy cloud renders his lofty brow More terrible ; and the 
sternness of his dreadful form becomes more appalling. 

Ipse, fultus rudis solium, nigerque verendus 

Dignitas, sedeo ; squaleo immensus feed us 

Sceptrum (enalL) situs; sublimis caput mcEstissimus nebula 

Aspero ; et rigeo dirus inclementia forma. 

95. As the sea quivers when it is brushed by a gentle breeze, As the 
tender branch of the ash is shaken by the warm south wind, So you 
might have seen my pale limbs tremble ; The bed was shaken by my 
body that was laid on it. 

Ut cequor fit tremulum tenuis cum stringor ventus, 
Ut stringor tepidus fraxini (enall.) virga notus. 

Sic raeus vibror paiiidus membrum video ; 

Quassus ab corpus, quod impositus sum (enall.) lectus suni. 

96. What indeed can it profit one who is about to die to know the 
causes of things, To connect things that are present with things to 
come, to roam in thought Beyond the sun and the stars.'* Surely The 
same law of death, and the same common grave, await us all. 

Ecquid enim prosum causa res cognosco, 
Conjungo (enall.) venturus praesens, animus vagor 
Sol atque sidus super, moriturus ? Scilicet cunctus 
Unus letum lex maneo, et communis sepulcrum. 

97. The land of the Romans had not anciently any skilful husband- 
men ; Fierce wars wholly occupied its active inhabitants. There was 
more honor in the sword than in the curved plough ; The neglected 
land produced but little to its owner. 

Non habeo terra peritus antique (enall.) colonus ; 

Lasso agilis asper praslium vir. 
Plus sum in ferrum quam curvus honor aratrum ; 

Neglectus dominus paucus (enall.) produco ager. 

98. You are accustomed often to ask me, Priscus, what sort of man 
I should be, If I were suddenly to be made rich and become powerful 
Do you, then, think that any one can say what his future conduct will 
oe .'' Tell me, now, if you were to become a lion, what sort of a lion 
«hould you be -^ 



5 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 30o 

Saepe qucero soleo, qualis sum, Priscus, futurus, 

Si fio locuples sumque subitd pollens. 
Quisquam possum puto mos (enall.) dico futurus ! 

Dico ego qualis, si fio tu leo, sum ? 

99. But neither the woods of the Medians, that most fertile land 
Nor the celebrated Ganges, and the river Hermus thick with its golden 
sands. Can vie with the praises of Italy, not Bactra, nor the Indians 
Nor all Panchaia rich in soils producing frankincense. 

Sed neque Medi nemus, ditissimus regio, 
Nee pulcher Ganges, ei auro turbidus Hermus, 
Laus Italia contendo, non Bactra, neque Indi, 
Omnis et thiirifer Panchaia dives arena. 

100. But here in Italy are no ravening tigers, nor the savage race of 
lions ; Nor do poisonous herbs deceive the wretched people who gather 
them. Neither does the scaly serpent here sweep his immense folds 
along the ground, nor to a vast Length extended, curl himself into 
a circle. 

At rabidus tigris absum, et ssevus semen (enall.) leo ; 

nee ntlserandus decipio aconitum, qui lego, (enall.) 

Nee rapio maximus orbis per terra, neque tantus 
Squameus in spira tractu sui colligo serpens. 

101. Let him commend the repasts of a short meal, and salutary 
Justice, and the laws, and peace with her open gates. Let him 
faithfully keep secrets intrusted to him ; let him pray and beseech 
the gods That prosperity may return to the wretched, and forsake the 
haughty. 

Is dapes commendo mensa exiguus, et (enall.) saluber 
Justitia, JMsque, et apertus otium (enall.) porta. 
Is tego commissus ; divusqne piecorque oro 
Ut redeo infelix, desero fortuna ambitiosus. 

102. But he calls the land his own, as far as where the planted 
poplar Prevents by fixed boundaries the disputes of neighbors ; as 
though Any thing could be his own, which, in a moment of the fleet 
ing hour, At one time by solicitation, at another by purchase, at an- 
other by violence, at another by the last fate of man, May change its» 
masters, and fall into another's power. 

Sed appello usque suum, qua populus adsitus certus 

Refugio limes vicinus (enall.) jurgium ; tanquam 

Sum proprium quisquam, punctum qaifiaxus hora. 

Nunc prece, nvinc pretium, nunc violentia, nunc sors supremus, 

Muto (enall.) dominus, et in alter (enall.) jus (enall.) cedo. 

103. Neither should you fear that his mind, becoming, perhaps from 
his regard to futurity, Somewhat averse to the duties of life, should re 
fuse to bear labors, And encounter dangers, if the public good should 
require it. This indifference to worldly things Rather makes the man 
free and vigorous, and in all things that he undertakes Bold and invin- 
cible ; and it strengthens him in all difficulties. 

26* 



306 PROSODY ELLIPSIS. '^ 323 

Nee timeo quidem ne fortasse, ad munia vita ^ 
Segnior, hinc mens recuso perfero (enall.) labor, 
£^ periculum {sync.) fero, voco si publicus usus. 
Liber et erectus potius, res et in agendus 
Fortis vir invictusque efficio, casus et per cunctus 
Roboro externus rerum hie despicientia. 



ELLIPSIS. 

§ 3^3, 1. Ellipsis is the omission of some word or words in 
a sentence. 

Many of the lines in the following exereises will require an altera- 
tion in the arrangement of the words, as well as the introduction of the 
figure ellipsis, before they can be formed into verses. 

1. O Britain, fairest abode of liberty, let this happier lot be thine, To 
escape both the fate of Rome and the guilt of Rome. 

Sum tibi, o sedes pulcherrimus libertas, melior sors, 

nescio et fatum (enall.) Roma et crimen (enall.) Roma. 

2 Gray hairs also have not yet spoiled the beauty of my jetty locks^ 
Neither has crooked old age with a slow step approached. 

Et nondum canus laedo mens niger capillus, 
Nee curvus senecta venio tardus pes. 

3. The poplar tree is the most acceptable tree to Hercules, the 
vine the most acceptable to Bacchus, The myrtle the most accepta- 
ble to lovely Venus, to Phcebus his own laurel is the most acceptable. 

Populus Alcidae sum gratissimus arbor, vitis gratissimus lacchus, 
Myrtus gratissimus formosus Venus, Phcebus sum gratissimus suus 
laurea. 

4. O wretched me ! with what vast waves are the shores beaten ' 
How is the day also hidden, obscured by thick clouds ! 

O ego miser ! quantus fluctus (enall.) litus plangor ! 
Et dies lateo, conditus nubes {enall.) obscurus ! 

5. You now I warn. Happy art thou, who, from another's misery, 
Shalt learn how to escape thine own misery. 

Vos nunc ego raoneo, Felix sum tu, quicunque, dolor 
Alter, disco possum careo tuus dolor. 

6. He who advises that you should do that which you are already 
doing, while he advises Applauds you, and by his advice commends 
vour^conduct. 

Qui moneo ut facio is, qui jam tu facio, monendo ille 
Laudo tu, et comprobo actus (enall.) suus hortatus 



§ 323. PROSODY — ELLIPSIS. 307 

7. The brooks are dry ; the meadows are despoiled jf their beauty 
by the mildew ; And nothing that felt the blast survives. I saw the 
flowers fade, I saw the roses die, and I saw the lilies languish. 

Rivus deficio ; pratum squaleo rubigo ; 

Et nihil afflatus vivo. Video ligustrum palleo, 

Expiro rosa video, decresco lilium et ego video. 

8. A garden adorned with odoriferous flowers was near, Divided ai 
to its ground by a stream of water softly murmuring : There Tarquin 
the secret messages of his son Receives, and he cuts down with a rod 
the tallest lilies. 

Hortus cultissimus odoratus gramen (synon.) subsum, 
Sectus secundi^m humus rivus aqua sonans lene : 

Illic Tarquinius latens suus filius (synon.) mandatum 
Accipio, et ille meto virga summus lilium. 

9. When the messenger returned, and reported that the lilies were 
cut down. His son exclaimed., " I understand the orders of my father. ' 
Nor was there any delay. The chiefs of the city Gabii being slain, 
The defenceless walls are surrendered to his generals 

Ut nuncius redeo, (sync.) decussusque lilium dico, 

Natus (synon.) suus aio, " Ego agnosco jussum meus parens." 

Nee ullus mora sum. Princeps ex urbs Gabina caesus, 
Moenia nudus trador suus dux. 

10. As many shells as the sea-shores have, as many blossoms as the 
fragrant beds of roses have. As many seeds as the sleep-bringing poppy 
has. By so many distressing things am I afflicted ; which if I should 
attempt to number, 1 might as well attempt to tell the number of the 
waves of the Icarian sea. 

Litus quot concha habeo, quot flos rosarium amcenus habeo, 

Quotve granum soporifer papaver habeo. 
Tot adversus res premor ; qui comprehendo (sync.) si ego conoi^ 

Ego Conor dico numerus Icarius aqua. 

11. Man alone, who is capable of acquiring knowledge, who has an 
ardent desire Of tracing out the causes and mutual relations of things^ 
Enters on a vain pursuit ; for death hangs over him with sable wings, 
And arrests him in the midst of his journey as he is hurrying on. 

Homo solus, qui sum sagax scire, cui sum summus cupido 

Scrutari causa et res foedus mutuus, 

Ingredior vanus iter ; namque immineo is niger ala, 

Et in medius cursus intercludo is iens mors. 

12 Whither do you madly haste.'' Although you should possess 
each Ocean, and although Lydia should pour forth for you her golden 
streams. And although the throne of Croesus and the diadem of Cyrus 
sliould be added to these riches. You never will be rich, you never wiU 
be satisfied with gain. 



308 PROSODY EPITHETS. § 323, 

Qui, vesane tu ruo ? Tu teneo uterque licebit oceanus, 

et Lydia laxo ta saus rutilus fons, 

Et solium CrcBsus Cyrusque tiara jungor, 
Sum nunquam dives, nunquam satior quaestus. 

13. He, who is always desiring more, is always poor ; contented 
with a little, honorably obtained, Fabricius despised the gifts of kings; 
And the consul Serranus labored at the heavy plough ; And an humble 
cottage held the heroic Curii. 

Ille, quicunque cupio, sum semper inops ; contentus honesto 
Parvo, Fabricius sperno munus rex ; 
Sudoque Serranus consul gravis aratrum ; 
Et angustus casa tego pugnax Curii. 

14. When I ask you for money without security, you say, " I have 
not any money; " Yet you, the same person, have money, if my field 
is security for me. O Thelesinus, that which you will not trust to 
me, an old friend. You trust to my lands and to my trees. Behold, 
Carus has arrested you as a criminal ; let my field help you. Do you 
ask for a companion in your exile ? let my field go with you. 

Cum ego rogo nummus (e7ia!l.) de tu (enall.) sine pignus, 
" Ego non habeo nummus," inquio; 

Tu idem homo habeo nummus, si pro ego spondeo mens agellus. 
Is qui non credo ego, vetus sodalis, Thelesinus, 

Colliculus mens credo arborque meus. 
Ecce, Carus defero tu reus ; meus agellus tu adsum. 

Tu quaero comes exilium .'' meus agellus eo. 



EPITHETS. 

The words printed in Italics in the following exercises are substan- 
tives, which either require epithets to be added to them, or which have 
adjectives connected with them that may be omitted. A different 
arrangement of the words will be required in almost every line. 

1. But you, O robbers and wolves, spare this little flock : Your prey 
should be taken from a herd. 

At tu, furque lupusque, parco exiguus pecus : 
prseda sum petendus de grez. 

2. O Nile, nature has never discovered to any one your source, 
Neither has it been allowed to the inhabitants of the earth to see you 
a small river. 

Natura non prodo ullus tuus (ellip.) caput, 
Nilus, nee licet po-pulus video tu parvus. 

3. Horace also has delighted my ears, While he brings forth from 
bis A isonian lyre refined songs. 



§ 323. PROSODY EPITHETS. 309 

Et Horatius teneo meus (enall.) auris, 
Dum ferio Ausonius lyra cultus carmen. 

4. An image of Minerva is said to have fallen from heaven Upon 
the lofty heights of the Trojan city. 

Coeleste signum Minerva credor 

Desiluisse in ?l\\;\xs jugum Iliacus urbs. 

5. At the entrance of the hollow cave, the habitation of the god 
of sleep, poppies in abundance grow, And herbs innumerable; from 
the juice of which Humid Night collects her sleepy power, and ex- 
tends it over the earth. 

Ante fores cavus antrum, foecundus papaver floreo, 
Et (synon.) innumerus herba ; qui de lac sopor 
Nox lego, et humidus per terra (enall.) spargo. 

6. Thus the violence of the winds, and the rain from which they 
wished to be screened, compelled mankind at first To build huts with 
straw, And to plaster their humble habitations around with mud. 

Sic vis ventus vitandique imbres primum adegit homo, 

stipula (enall.) tectum ponere, 

et claudo arctus sedes (enall.) limns. 

7. Nor are the wives of the East less lenowned in fame : Neither 
with tears, nor with female cries. Do they deplore their husbands' 
death ; but, strange to be related, They ascend the funeral pile, and 
are consumed in the same devouring flames with their lifeless hus- 
bands. 

Nee Eous uxor minus celebror lama : 

Ille non lacrymae, non foemineus ululatus, 

Ploro fatum (enall.) vir ; (sync.) verum, mirabilis uicor, 

Conscendoque rogus,^ammaque (enall.) vorax voror idem. 

8. The echoing wood resounds with the songs of birds, and every 
Shrub and every grove rings with music : The blackbirds also join 
their tuneful notes, and the doves their plaintive sounds ; The har- 
monious lark from above pours forth its strains. 

Sylva vocalis resono chorus avis, atque (synon.) omnis 
Virgultum et omnis neraus ferveo harmonia : 

Et merula misceo numerus gemitusque palumbes ; 
Canorus alauda addo desuper modus. 

9. He, who once refused to the needy worthless fragments of food, 
Now lives himself on food obtained by begging. Fortune wanders 
about with uncertain steps, And in no place remains constant and 
fixed 

Vilis qui quondam nego (sync.) alimenta miser, 

Nunc pascor ipse cibus mendicatus. 
Fortuna vago (synon.) ambiguus passus, 

Et permaneo (enall.) certus tenaxque in nullus loous. 



310 PROSODY EPITHETS. §,323 

10. But virtue does not produce these evils : we confidently assert. 
That if every one faithfully performed her sacred duties, Nothing 
would appear more desirable than sacred virtue ; then would the 
golden ages return : But it is not our lot to live in a golden age. 

At virtus non parturio hie malum : immo fateor, 

Si quisque perago suus munia fideliter, sum 

Nihil {sync.) potior sacer virtus ; jam turn redeo aureus 

SaBCulum : verum non contigit vivo aureus (syncBr.) asvum. 

11. In the shady vales in the midst of Ida, there is a place Retired, 
and abounding 'ivith oaks and pitch trees, A place, which has never 
been touched by the mouth of the ox, Nor of the sheep, nor of the goat 
delighting in rocks. 

In nemorosus vallis medius Idae, sum locus 
Devius, et piceus atque {synon.) ilex frequens, 

Qui nee ovis, nee capella amans rupes, {synon.) 
Nee carpor os bos. 

12. Nor, O wicked man, while life remains, are you free from pain- 
ful punishments: Although you may deceive mortal men, yet you can- 
not fly from yourself; The avenging furies disquiet you ; care, a 
harassing attendant, preys on you, And dwells as a tormentor in your 
conscience, which is still mindful of your crimes. 

Nee, improbus, dum vita maneo, des nullas aaramnosa,a p<Bnas : 
Quanquam fallo mortalis homo, tamen baud ipse effugio tu ; 
Diras ultrix tu agito ; tu cura remordeo, comes ssbvus, 
memorque sub pectus habito vindex. 

13. The horse obeys the reins in time. And receives with a quiet 
mouth the hard bits. The fierceness of the African lions is subdued 
by time, Nor does that savage wildness remain in their disposition, 
which was once in it. 

Equus obedio {synon.) habena tempus, 

Et recipio {synon.) placid us os durus lupus. 
Ira PcEnus leo cohibeor {synon.) tempus. 

Nee iexxxa feritas permaneo {enali.) animus, qui sum ant6. 

14. Thus the mourning nightingale bemoans under the shade of a 
poplar Her lost young, which a cruel countryman. Discovering them 
in their nest, had stolen unfledged ; thus she Grieves through the dark 
night, and, sitting on a bough, her song Renews, and fills the places 
around with her piteous complaints. 

Qualis mcerens philomela sub umbra populus {enall.) 

Queror amissus fcetus, qui durus arator, 

Cernens {synon.) nidus, implumis detraho ; at ille 

JVox csecus fleo, ramusque sedens, carmen 

Integro, et impleo late locus suus {cllip.) moestus questns. 

15. She fears all things and she hopes for nothing: thus anxious 
as she is returning with food, is the bird, Who has left her young in 
a lowly shrub, And thus, while absent from them, is she apprehen 
91 ve of many evils ; She fears lest the wind should have torn aei 



§323. PROSODY PERIPHRASIS. 311 

nest from the tree, Lest her young should be exposed as a plunder 
to man, or a prey to serpents. 

Omnis (synon.) paveo speroque nihil : sic ales aestuo, 

Qui commhto fcst'us humilis ornus, 

Allaturus cibus, (enall.) et plurimus cogito absens , 

Ne ventus discutio nidus arbor, 

Ne furtum pateo homo, neu coluber praeda. 

16. A moth is flying around my burning candle ; And now, and 
now again it almost burns its little wings. Often with my hand I 
keep it back when approaching, and " O moth," I cry, " what 

freat desire to die urges you on?" Still it returns; and, although 
strive to save it, It perseveres, and rushes into the flames and into 
death. 

Musca volito circum mens exurens lucerna ; 

Ala(\\xe parvus suus amburo jam prope, jamque. 
Ssepe repello manus is (eUip.) veniens ; et " Musca, 

Inquam, " quis tantus libido morior impello tu .'' " 
Xlle tamen redeo ; et, quanquam cono/ (synjn.) servo, 

Insto, et irruo (enall.) in flamma exitiumque. 



PERIPHRASIS. 

§ 323, 2, (4.) Periphrasis, or circvmlocutio, is a circuitous 
mode of expression. 

The words in the following exercises, which are enclosed within pa- 
rentheses, are examples of the periphrasis, and are to be substituted ^ 
for the corresponding word in the line. When two or more Italic 
*vords occur in a line, they must be omitted, and the meaning, which 
they are designed to convey, expressed by one word only. When 
there is only one word in a line printed in Italics, it is intended to 
be omitted, and its meaning expressed by a periphrasis. 

I. Thus does the lioness rage when confined in a narrow den, And 
breaks her fierce teeth by biting her prison. 

Sic lesena fremo (fera nobilis) in claustrum (enall.) parvus abditus, 
Et rabidus dens frango carcere praemorso. 

9. Whither shall I be carried ? where shall I seek comfort in my 
affliction.'' No anchor now holds my bark. 

Quo feror .'' unde (lapsis rebus) peto solatium (enall.) miseria ? 
Jam nullus anchora (non ulla) teneo) mens (enall.) ratis. 

3. Farewell, ye mossy fountains, ye woods, And ye Muses, an«» 
ihe dreams of fabled Pindu-s. 

Valeo muscosus fons, (sylvestria tecta) sylva, 
Musaque (Aonides dea^;) et somnium Pindus mendax 



^12 PROSODY PERIPHRASIS. §323. 

i. Not far hence herds of cattle wander through the spacious 
Selds, And sheep roam over the joyful pastures. 

Nee procul hinc armentum vagor (synon.) per latus ager, 
Ovisque (lanigeri greges) persulto laetus pabulum. 

5. Then also the birds in safety flew, And the hare wandered 
fearlessly in the midst of the fields, Nor had their easy credulity 
hung on the hook the inhabitants of the rivers. 

Tunc et avis (movere pennas per a6ra) tuto (enall.) vo i. 

Et lepus impavidd {enali.) erro in medius ager, 

Nee sua credulitas ^«mmuw incolas suspendo hamus. 

6. The astonished cultivators of the fields see rugged brakes 
Sweetly blooming with roses, and hear with surprise among parched 
sands The noisy murmurings of a river. 

Attonitus cultores agrorum video dumetum incultus 
Suaviter (enall.) rubens (enalt.) rosa, sitiensque inter arena 
Miror garrulus rivus (epithet) murmur. 

7. Arrayed in their shining arms, thrice around the blazing Piles 
they ran ; thrice the mournful funeral fire They encompassed on 
their steeds, and yelled aloud. 

Ter, cinctus nitens (synon.) arma, circum accensus 
Rogus curro ; (enall.) ter moestus funereus (enall.) ignis 
Lustro in suus (ellip.) equus, ululoque (ululatus ore dedere.) 

8. O robin, a guest most welcome to every house. Whom the 
severity of the cold compels to seek the aid of man, That thou maysl 
escape the frosts of the wintry air, O fly hither. And dwell in safety 
under my roof. 

Rubecula (hospes avis,) conviva domus quivis gratissimus, 
Qui inclementia frigoris cogo quaero homo (enall.) opem, 

Hue O confugio, ut fugio frigus hibernus coBlum, 
et vivo tutus (synon.) sub meus lar. 

9. That thou mayst relieve thy hunger, food in my window 1 wi 
place every day ; For by experience I have learned that thou wih 
repay with a grateful Song whatsoever food any kind hand may 
bestow. 

Unde relevo tuus esuries, alimentum (enall.) fenestra 
Appono quotidie (quoties itque reditque dies ;) 

Etenim usus edisco qujd rependo alimentum (enall.) gratus 
Cantus, quicunque dono (synon.) bonus (synon.) manus. 

10. In the early spring, when the warm breezes gently blow. And 
when on every tree its vernal honors bloom. Thou mayst freely re- 
turn to the groves and revisit the sylvan shades. In which music 
delightful and equal to thine resounds. 

Ver novus, cum tepidus aura molliter spiro, 
Et suus honos (enall.) verno in quivis arbor. 

Pro libitu ad nemus (syw^n ) redeo sylvestrinque tecta revise, 
In (ellip) aui musica lajtus parque tuus resono. 



^ 323. PKOSODY PERIPHRASIS. 313 

11. But if again, but if by chance again, the cold Snould bring 
back to my house my beloved bird, Be thou, O returning bird, be 
thou mindful to repay with a grateful song Whatsoever food any kind 
hand may bestow. 

Sin iterum, sin forte iternm, frigtis _ 

Reduco ad meus tectum (enall.) carus (synon.) avis, 

Sum, redux, memor sum rependo gratus cantus 
Pabulum, (enall.) quicunque benignus manus do. 

12. The Molossian hounds fondly caressed the hare then free from 
danger. And the tender young of the sheep drew near the wolf; The 
deers played in peace with the tigress j The stags feared not the 
African lion. 

Molossi blande (enall.) foveo tutus (synon.) lepus, 

Tenerque ovis fatus appropinquo (synon.) vicinum preebuit latus 
lupus ; 
Concors dama cum tigris (epithet) ludo ; 

Cervus non pertimesco (synon.) Massylus juba. 

13. From you shall descend the brave Achilles, Known to his ene- 
mies not by his back but by his undaunted front. Who, always a 
victor in the uncertain contest of the race. Shall outstrip the speed 
of the swift deer. 

Achilles (expers terroris) tu nascor fortis, 

Hostis baud tergum sed pectus impavidus (synon.) notus, 

Qui, persaepe victor vagus certamen cursus, 

PrsBverto (flammea vestigia) celeritas cerva celer. 

14. But me first above all things may the sweet Aonian goddesses 
receive into their favor, Whose sacred symbols, smit with ardent 
love to them, I bear ; And may they show me the paths of heaven, 
and the starry orbs, The various eclipses of the orb of Phoebus, and 
the labors of the moon. 

Ego vero primum ante omnis dulcis Aonides de<E, 

Qui sacra fero, magnus (synon.) amor percussus, 

Accipio ; ccelum atque (synon.) via, et sidereos orbes monstro, 

Varius defectus Phcebi orbis, lunaque labor. 

15. The god of fire fought against Troy, the god of music for 
Troy ; The mother of iEneas was friendly to the Trojan people, the 
goddess of war was unfriendly. The sister and wife of Jupiter, 
favorable to Turnus, hated yEneas ; yet he was secure under the 
protection of Venus. Often did the fierce ruler of the sea attack 
Ulysses ; Often did Pallas rescue him from the brother of her father 

Ignis deus sto in Troja, musicce prcBses pro Troja ; 

.MnecB mater sum aequus Trojnno populo, iniqua belli dea. 
Proprior Turnus, Jovis soror et conjnx vEneas oderat ; 

Tamen ille sum tutus numen Venus. 
Ssepe ferox pelagi domitor Ulysses (epithet) peto * 

Ssepe Pallas (synon.) suus patris fratre eripio 



314 PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. §310. 

16. And as a ravenous wolf both seizes on and carries away 
Through the cornfields, tlirough the woods, the sheep, whicli has 
not gone into the fold, So, if the hostile barbarian finds any one in 
the plains Not yet received within the city, he hurries him away ; 
He then either follows him as a captive, and receives chains cast 
upon his neck, Or falls by a poisoned arrow. 

(Jtque rapax pecus, qui non intro (se texit) oviii. 

Per seges, (synon.) per sylva, lupus feroque trahoque, 

Sic, si qui, acceptus (synon.) nondum (portarum sepe) oppidum, 
Barbarus hostis in campus reperio, (epenth.) ago ; 

Aut captus sequitur ille, (ellip ) conjectusque catena (synon.) col- 
lum accipio, 
aut pereo (synon) venenatus telum (virus habente.) 

17, So when a shepherd, while he is collecting branches of trees 
:n the woods. Has wrapped among the leaves a serpent asleep with 
cold and stiff with frost. And without having seen it, has brought it 
to the fire ; There is no delay ; scarcely has it felt the flames near 
it, When the serpent both lifts up its head, and now also turns 
around its fiery eyes. And moves erect through the house with its 
forked tongue. 

Sicut ubi, dum arborum brachia colligo in sylva, anguis 

Frigor sopitus, pastor, rigens brumaque. 

Frons implico, appono (synon.) ignisque inscius ; 

Nullus est mora ; propius vix perfero flamma, curn (et jam) 

Attolloque suus (ellip.) caput, jamque lumen igneus torqueo, 

Perque tectum (synon.) mico arduus anguis (synon.) os trilinguis. 



MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 

The first twenty-two of the following exercises are designed to be 
literally translated into Latin verse : the words will require a different 
arrangement, but every word may stand in the same line in Latin, in 
which it is found in English. The remaining exercises are intended 
to be more freely translated, and the words in one line may often be 
introduced into the preceding or following verse. 

1. The lamb in company with the wolf (sociata lupo) shall gambol 

(lasciviet) in (per) the valleys. 
And the steer shall go (petet) with the lion in safety (tutus) to the 
stall, (prcBsepe.) 

2. Thus (qualia) the lilies hang down (dedinant) their withering 

(pallentes) stalks, 
, And blooming (pubentes) roses die beneath the first chilling 
blasts, (ad primos austros.) 

3. And n ^w the morning star (Lucifer) fringed (stringehat) the loft* 

£mus with his (ellip.) rays, 



^310. PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 315 

And he urges on the rapid chariot (festinam rotam) more speedilj 
than usual, (solito properantior.) 

i And I feared all these things, because I knew (videbam) that I 
deserved them ; (ellip.) 
But your anger is lighter (lenior) than my crime, (peccato.) 

5. Let the heaven supply (ellip.) dews sweet as nectar, {nectar eos,) 
and let it viands {epithet) 
Supply, and shed {irriget) silently fertilizing showers, {imbres.) 

C. The sea was bright {radiabat) with the image of the reflected {re- 
percussce) moon, 
And in the night (epithet) there was a light {niior) like the light 
of day, {diurnus.) 

7. Let him indeed {sand) receive the price {mercedem) of blood, and 

look as (et sic) 
Pale (palleat) as the man {ellip.) who has trodden on (pressit) a ser- 
pent with naked feet, {calcibus.) 

8. And now the sea began to redden {rubescebat) with the morning 

(ellip.) rays, and from the lofty sky (cBthere) 
The saflron Morn (lutea Aurora) arose in her rosy chariot, (bigis.) 

9. Drops (enall.) wear a stone hollow, (cavo ;) a ring is worn out (con- 

sumitur) by use ; 
And the crooked ploughshare is worn away (teritur) by the earth 
rubbing against it, (pressd.) 

10. You see that anger, lust, (libido,) vice, (scelits,) every where prevail, 

(dominentur,) 

And deceit (fravs) counterfeiting friendship, and malignant 
envy, 

And feuds, and treachery, (insiduB,) and the snares (retia) of une- 
qual law. 

1 1 . Around the tame tiger (mansuetcB tigri) flowery bands the sportive 

(petulantes) 
Boys in play (per ludum) shall cast, and serpents the wearied 
Limbs of the traveller shall refresh by licking them with their 

cold tongues, (recreabunt frigore lingua.) 

12. The field by degrees shall grow yellow (flavescet) with soft ears 

of corn, (aristd,) 
And the blushing grape (rubens uva) shall hang on the rough (in- 

cultis) brambles, 
And hard oaks shall distil (sudabunt) dewy honey, (enall.) 

13. O sleep, thou (ellip.) rest (quies) of all (ellip.) things, O Sleep, 

thou gentlest (placidissime) of the gods. 
Thou peace of the mind, from whom care flies away, who the body 

(corda,) by its (ellip.) daily 
Toils (ministeriis) exhausted (fessa,) dost refresh and recruit foi 

labor. 



sss 



3l() PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. ^J 310. 

14. Often, too, when the wind is rising, {vento impendente,) you will 

see stars 
Falling (labi) swiftly {enall.) ft-om (ellip.) heaven, and, through 

the shades {umbram) of night, 
Long trains (tracttis) of flame (enall.) gleaming (albescere) behind 

them, (a tergo.) 

15. Under this tree the dewy (madidi) Fauns (Fauni) often danced, (lu- 

serunt,) 
And their (ellip.) pipe heard in the night (fistula sera) alarmed 
the quiet family, (domum ;) 
And, while they fled (fugit) through the solitary (solus) fields 
from midnight Pan, (nocturnum Pana,) 
Often under this tree (fronde) a rural Dryad (Dryas) lay con- 
cealed, (latuit.) 

16. O mossy fountains, and grass (herba) more soft than sleep, (somno 

mollior,) 
And the green arbute-tree, (arbutus,) that covers you with its thin 

(rard) shade, 
Keep ofl'the heat (solstitium) from my flock, (pecori;) now comes 

the summer 
Scorching ; now the buds swell on the vine, (epithet.) 

17. Beneath a hedge, and often (nee rard) on the margin of a bank, 

there is a little 
Reptile, (the glow-worm,) which glitters by night, and lies con- 
cealed (latet) by day. 
Ye great, lay aside your pride, (fastus,) and no longer (nee) despise 
the lowly, 
Since even (et) this little (minimum) reptile has something (el- 
lip.) which is splendid, (niteat.) 

18 In early spring, when the snow (periph.) on the hoary mountains 
Is dissolved, and the crumbling (putris) glebe unbinds itself by 

the Zephyr, 

Then (periph.) under the deep-pressed (depresso) plough, let my 
ox begin 

To groan, and the ploughshare, worn bright (attritus) by the fur- 
row, begin (ellip.) to glitter. 

19 Illustrious souls ! if mortal things at all affect (quid tangunt) 
The inhabitants of heaven, (coelicolas,) if there is still with you 

(ellip.) any regard (euro) for the British race, 
I beseech you, renew (vos instaurate) our ancient vigor ; 
That, sloth (somno) being shaken off", we may at length aspire 

(nitamur) to noble things, (ardua,) 
Mindful of true virtue, and of our fathers' (avittB) fame. 

20 Thus the Lagean (Lagea) bark, while in the vast ocean like an 

island 
It appeared, (conspecta,) struck against (illisit) the rocks, where 
the east wind, (epithet,') 



§310. PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 317 

Scattering ruin around, {naufragium spargens,) blocks up {operit) 

the sea ; and now on the waters 
Both planks, (trunstra,) and masts, and colors, (aplustria,) with 

{eUip.) the torn sail, 
And seamen, {epithet,) striving against (removentes) the waterS; 

float. 

21. For some (pars) commit the dead body to the earth, 
And strew garlands on the tomb, and obsequies yearly 

Pay, as though the shades of the dead (manes) requiied such 

offerings. 
Others, (pars,) the funeral pile being in order raised, burn on it the 

bodies (artus) of the dead, (ellip.) 
And collect their ashes, and place them in the faithful urn. 

22. Their life was like the life (ellip.) of a beast, spent withou any 

regularity ; (nullos agitata ■per vs-us ;) 
They were a savage people, and destitute as yet of knowl- 
edge. 
They had (ndrant) for houses leayes, for food (jrugihus) herbs j 

Water, drunk out of their two hands, was their nectar. 
No ox panted under the curved ploughshare ; 

No land was under the cultivation (imperio) of the husband- 
man, (colentis.) 

23. Night Jiad wrapped all things in darkness and in her silent shade, 

And deep sleep had seized on weary man, 

24. The birds were now singing, and the sun hastened from the east, 

To open with a purple smile the day. 

25. The shepherd guides his flocks; he now takes in his arms the 

tender lambs, 
And gives them, while cherished in his bosom, the sweetest 

herbs ; 
He now seeks for the sheep that are lost, and brings back the 

wandering. 

26. The third morning had from the heavens removed the cold shades 

of night, (ellip.) 
When they sorrowfully collected together (ruebant) on the hearths 

the high-raised (alttis) ashes and 
The bones intermingled with each other, and placed over them a 

warm mound of earth. 

27. Begone, ye sleepless cares ; begone, complaints, 

And the host of envy , with her " jealous leer malign ; " (transversa 

tortilis hirquo ;) 
Nor thou, O cruel calumny, bring hither thy envenomed scoffii 

(anguiferos rictus.) 

28. Thus (talis) the Parthian lord leads from the Tigris 
His barbarian troops, and proudly adorns his head 
With regal chaplets, gems, and rich attire 

27* 



318 PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. §310 

29. For now Eurus collects his strength from the purple east ; 

Now Zephyr approaches hasting from the west, (sero vespere 
missus.) 
Now cold Boreas rages (bacchatur) from the dry north ; (Arcto ;) 
Now the south wind joins the contest with an opposing front. 

30. Androcles, who had fled as an exile from the anger of his master, 

Wandered over the parched sands of Libya. 
At length, when wearied and exhausted by his journey, (labore vi' 
arum,) 
A secret cave presented itself to him at the side of a rock. 

31. He enters the cave ; and scarcely had he committed his wearied 

limbs to sleep, 
When suddenly an immense lion roars in the cavern. 
It lifted up its wounded foot, and, uttering a mournful cry. 

It implored, as well as it was able to implore, the assistance of 
Androcles. 

32. The fugitive slave, struck with the novelty of the circumstance, 

and hesitating with fear, 
Scarcely at length moves his trembling hands to the assistance 

of the lion; (ellip.) 
But, after having examined the thorn, (for a thorn stuck in the 

wound,) 
He carefully and tenderly draws it out of the lion's foot. 

33. Now again he roams through the sylvan shades, and the groves j 

and. like an attentive host, 
Brings to the cave for Androcles constant food. 
The man, as the lion's guest, sits down to the feasts prepared for 
him, (ellip.) 
And hesitates not to partake of the undressed provisions. 

34. But who could bear to live thus solitarily in a cheerless desert ? 

(tCBdia desertcB vit(E.) 
Scarcely could the rage of a revengeful master be more ter- 
rible 
The slave at length resolves to expose his devoted head to certain 
dangers. 
And again to seek his paternal abode. 

35. Here he is given up by his master ; and, doomed to afford a cruel 

entertainment to the people. 
He stands in the theatre as a wretched criminal. 
By chance the same lion that he had assisted in the desert, 

{ellip.) fierce and raging with hunger, rushes from the 

dens, 
And looks with an astonished countenance on his physician. 

36 He looks at him, and, as an old friend recognizing his former 
guest, 
He lies down at his well-known feet caressing him, (blandulus.'^ 



PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 319 

Tliis prodigy {ellip.) was the work of nature alone : she al( ne, who 
gave to the lion all his rage, 
She alone induced him to repress it. 

*t7. The dove, that has been wounded by thy talons, O hawk, 
Is alarmed at the least rustling of a wing. 
The lamb, that has been at any time rescued from the jaws of a 
rapacious wolf, 
Never dares again to wander from the fold. 

38. Happy is the man, who has spent his days in his paternal fielils. 

Whom the same roof shelters (videt) when an old man, that 

sheltered him when a boy ; 
Who leaning on his staff, on the same sand on which he once 

crept as a child, (ellip.) 
Relates the long history (scscula) of his single habitation. 

39. Fortune has not led him through the innumerable vicissitudes of 

life ; (vario tumultu ;) 
He has neither as a traveller (periph.) tasted of foreign waters ; 
Nor as a merchant has he feared the seas, nor as a soldier the 

trumpet's sound; 
Neither has he undergone the contentions of jarring courts of 

law. 

40. The lofty oak he (qui) remembers when it hung as an acorn 

(ellip.) on a little branch. 

And he sees the grove of the same age with himself, with him- 
self grow old. 
But yet unbroken is his strength, and the third generation sees 
him 

A grandsire still robust with vigorous limbs. 

41. For the men add to the noise (sonant) by their clamor, the ropes 

by their rattling, 
The heavy waters by the dashing of the waves against each ot ler, 

(undarum incursu,) and the sky by peals of thunder. 
The sea ascends in mighty waves, and seems to reach he 

heavens, 
And sprinkles the contiguous clouds with briny dew. 

42 May 1 never so misapply the powers of my mind, 

As to become the flatterer of kings and the promoter of vice; 
Nor may I spend the short space, that I can steal from the 
grave, 
In fawning and cringing (caudam suhmittam) like a fearful doj 

43. There is near the Cimmerians (Cimmerios) a cave in a long re- 
cess. 
Formed of a hollow mountain, the palace and retired abode of 
lazy Sleep; 



»I20 PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 

Into this cave the sun, whether rising, or on the meridian (medt 

nsve,) or setting, 
Is never able to penetrate with his rays. Fogs, mixed with 

darkness, 
Are exhaled from the ground, and a glimmering (cre/mscula) of 

dubious light. 

44. Again, to show what virtue, and what wisdom can accomplish, 
Homer (ellip.) has exhibited Ulysses to our view as an instructive 

example, 

Who, having subdued Troy, viewed with an observant eye the 
cities 

And manners of many nations, and. 

While seeking for himself and his associates the means of re- 
turning over the wide ocean to their own land, {ellip.) 

Endured many hardships, yet could never be overwhelmed by the 
waves of adversity. 

45. See lofty Lebanon his head advance ! 

See nodding forests on the mountain dance ! 

46. Ah me ! the blooming pride of May {Mali) 

And that of beauty are but one : 
At noon both flourish bright and gay ; 
At evening fade, are pale and gone. 

47. When winds approach, the vexed sea heaves around ; 
From the bleak mountain comes a hollow sound; 
The loud blast whistles o'er the echoing shore ; 
Rustle the murmuring woods, the rising billows roar. 

48. So the sweet lark, high poised in air, 

Shuts close his pmions to his breast. 
If chance his mate's shrill note he hear, 
And drops at once into her nest. ■' 

4 >. Nations behold, remote from reason's beams, (ellip.) 
Where Indian Ganges rolls his sandy streams, 
Of life impatient, rush into the fire. 
And willing victims to their gods expire. 
Persuaded (percussa cupidine ccBcd) the freed soul to regions fliet 

(sedes uhifata dedere quietas,) 
Blest with eternal spring and cloudless skies. 

af. Subdued at length, he owns Time's heavier tread. 
Bowed with the weight of ages on his head : 
So on some mountain's top the lofty pine. 
With years and tempests worn, in slow decline 
Droops to the chilling rains, the stormy gales. 
While wasting age its trembling boughs assails 



^ tl20. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 321 



LYRIC AND DRAMATIC MEASURES. 



In the following table, the numbers in the first column denote the 
kinds of metre employed in the subsequent exercises ; those in the 
second colunm refer to the sections, &c. of the Grammar in which 
those metres are explained. The metres not referred to the Gram- 
mar are not found in the ancient Latin classics, but their explanation 
is subjoined to the table. 



23, § 314, VII. 34, § 316, III. 

24, " VIII. 35, " IV. 

25, " IX. 36, " V. 

26, <' X. 37, « VI. 

27, § 315, I. 38, § 317, 1. 

28, " II. 39, " II. 

29, " III. 40, § 318, III. 

30, * 41, " IV. 

31, § 316, I. 42, « V. 
32, 



1, § 310, 


I. 


12, 


§ 


312, 


VI. 


2, 




13, 




(< 


VII 


3, § 310, 


II. 


14, 




it 


VII 


4, § 311, 


III. 


15, 


§ 


313, 


I. 


5, 




16, 




a 


11. 


6, 




17, 


§ 


314, 


I. 


7, § 312, 


IV. 


18, 




li 


II. 


8, 


V. 


19, 




11 


III. 


9, 




20, 




li 


IV. 


10, 




21, 




li 


V. 


11, • 




22, 




11 


VI. 



33, J ^^- 



* The following are the metres above referred to, some of which are 
not contained in the Grammar. 



2. The hexameter meiurus is a defective hexameter, having an iam- 
bus in the sixth foot instead of a spondee. 

5. The JEolic pentameter consists of four dactyls, preceded by a 

spondee, a trochee, or an iambus. § 312, IX. 

6. The PhalcBcian or Phaleucian verse consists of the penthemimeris 

of a hexameter, followed by a dactyl and a spondee. 

9. The tetram,eter meiurus or Faliscan consists of the last four feet ol 
the hexameter meiurus. § 312, XI. 

10. The tetrameter acephalus is the tetrameter a posteriore wanting 

the first semifoot. 

11. The tetrameter catalectic is the tetrameter a priore wanting the last 

semifoot. § 312, XII. 

30. The trochaic dimeter consists of four feet, the first and two last of 
which are always trochees, and the second a trochee, spondee 
dcctyl, or anapest. 



322 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320, 

The first thirty of the folJowing exercises are designed to be scan- 
ned ; the succeeding thirty-four require the order of the words to be 
changed, in order to the lines being formed into verses; the remaining 
exercises are intended to be translated. The figures prefixed to the 
exercises refer to the preceding table. 

No. 8. 

1. Hand sic magni conditor orbis; 
Huic ex alto cuncta tuenti 
NulltL terrae mole resistunt, 
Non nox atris nubibus obstat. 

No. 9. 

2. Gratius astra nitent, ubi Notus 
Desinit imbriferos dare sonos ; 
Lucifer ut tenebras pepulerit, 
Pulchra dies roseos agit equos. 

No. 16. 

3. Somnos dabat herba salubris. 
Potum quoque lubricus amnis, 
Umbras altissima pinus ; 
Nondum maris alta secabat 

No. 31. 

4 Tu ne quaesieris scire, nefas, quem mihi, quem tibi 
Finem di dederint, Leuconoe ; nee Babylonios 
Tentaris numeros, ut melius, quidquid erit, pati ; 
Seu plures hyemes, seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam. 

No. I, 8. 

5 Albus ut obscuro deterget nubila cceIo 

Seepe Notus, neque parturil imbres 
Perpetuos, sic tu sapiens finire memento 
Tristitiam vitaeque labores. 

No. 1, 13, 1, 13. 

6. Diffugere nives ; redqunt jam gramina campis, 
Arboribusque comse; 
Mutat terra vices ; et decrescentia ripas 
Flumina praetereunt. 

No. 1, 17, 1, 17. 

7 Mella cava manant ex ilice ; montibus altis 
Levis crepante lympha desilit pede. 
lllic injussaB veniunt ad mulctra capellse, 
Refertque tenta grex amicus ubera. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

8. Has inter epulas, ut juvat pastas oves 
Videre properantes domura ' 



§ 320. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 323 

Videre fessos, vomerem inversum, boves, 
CoUo trahentes languido. 

No. 11, 36. 

9. Omne hommum genus m terris 
Simili surgit ab ortu; 
Unus enim rerum pater est, 
Unus cuncta ministrat. 

No. 34, 35. 

10. Jam veris coinites, quae rnare temperant, 
Impellunt animae lintea Thracise ; 

Jam nee prata rigent, nee fiuvii strepunt 
Hybernd nive turgidi. 

No. 35, 34. 

11. Caris multa sodalibus, 

Nulli plura tamen, dividit oscula, 
Quam dulci Lamiae, memor 

Actfe non alio rege puertiae. 

No. 28, 14 

12. Seandit seratas vitiosa naves 
Cura, nee turmas equitum relinquit, 
Oeior cervis, et agente nimbos 

Oeior Euro. 

No. 41, 21. 

13. Solvitur acris hyems gratd vice veris et Favoni; 

Trahuntque siccas machinas carinas ; 
Ac neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus, aut arator igni ; 
Nee prata eanis albicant pruinis. 

No. 37, 32. 

14. Cur neque militaris 

Inter eequales equitat ; Gallica nee lupatis 
Temperat ora fraenis ? 

Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere .' cur oliyum ; 

No. 34, 34, 36, 35. 

15 Vos Tempe totidem tollite laudibus, 
Natalemque, mares, Delon Apollinis, 

Insignemque pharetr^ 
Fraternaque humerum lyr4. 

No. 40, 40, 23, 42. 

16 Doetrina sed vim promovet insitam, 
Rectique cultus peetora roborant ; 

Uteunque defeeore mores, 
Dedecorant bene nata culpp 



»S24 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320 

No. 1, 22, 13. 
17. Nobilis ut grandi cecinit Centaurus alumno, 
" Invicte mortalis, dea 
Nate puer The tide, 
Te nianet Assaraci tellus, quam frigida parvi 
Findunt Scamandri flumina, 
Lubricus et Simois." 

No. 24, 21. 
18 At fides, et ingeni 

Benigna vena est ; pauperemque dives 
Me petit. Nihil supra 

Deos lacesso ; nee potentem amicum 
Largiora flagito. 

Satis beatus unicis Sabinis. 

No. 17, 13, 22. 

19. Ubi hsBC severus te palam laudaveram, 

Jussus abire domum, 
Ferebar incerto pede 
Ad non amicos, heu, mihi postes, et heu 
Limina dura, quibus 
Lumbos et infregi latus. 

No. 18. 

20. Querceta Fauni, vosque rore vinoso 
Colles benigni, rnitis Evandri sedes. 

Si quid salubre vaUibus frondet vestris, 
Levamen eegro ferte certatim vati. 
Sic ille, chartis redditus rursum Musis, 
Vicina dulci prata mulcebit cantu. 

21. Frigora mitescunt Zephyris; ver proterit sestas, 

Interitura simul ; 
Pomifer autumnus fruges efFuderit ; et mox 
Bruma recurret iners. 

22. Labuntur altis interim ripis aquoB, 

Queruntur in sylvis aves, 
Fontesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibus ; 
Somnos quod invitet leves. 

23 Qukm variis terras animalia permeant figuris ! 

Namque alia extento sunt corpore, pulveremque vemint 
Continuumque trahunt vi pectoris incitata sulcum. 
Sunt quibus alarum levitas vaga, verberetque ventos. 

24. Monte decurrens velut amnis, imbres 
Quem super notas aluere ripas, 

Fervet, immensusque ruit profundo 
Pindarus ore. 



^ »20 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES 325 

25. Cum nemus flatu Zephyri tepentis 

Vernis irrubuit rosis, 
Spiret insanum nebulosus Auster, 
Jam spinis abeat decus. 

26. Pallida mors eequo pulsat pede pauperura tabernas 

Regumque turres o beate Sexti, 
Vitse surnma brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam 
Jam te pre met nox, fabulaeque manes. 

27. Nee Coas referunt jam tibi purpuree, 
Nee clari lapides tempora, quae semel 

Notis condita fastis 
Inclusit volucris dies 

28. PuraB rivus aquae, sylvaque jugerum 
Paueorum, et segetis certa fides meae, 
Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africae 

Fallit, sorte bealior. 

29. Virtus, reeludens immeritis mori 
Coelum, negate tentat iter vii ; 

CcEtusque vulgares, et udam 
Spernit humum fugiente penn4. 

30. Quid genus et proavos strepitis ? 

Si primordia vestra 
Auctoremque Deum spectes, 

Nullus degener extat, 
Ni vitiis pejora fovens, 

Proprium deserat ortum. 

No. 16. 

31. Utinam modo redirent nostra 
Tempora in priscos mores ! 
Sed, ignibus iBtnae saBvior, 
Amor fervens habendi ardet. 

No. 6. 

32. Nune jaeet lumine mentis efFoeto, 
Et pressus colla catenis gravibus, 
Deelivemque pondere gerens vultum, 
Cogitur, heu, eernere terram stolidam. 

No. 17. 

33. Anima mea, recogita mecum, recogita, 
Horrore quo perculsa, ponti videris 
Imo ex sinu profunditates erutas, 
Montesque fluctuum imminentes montibus. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22 

34. Elusus miser, non est, ut arbitraris. 

Mors atra filia Noctis, 

28 



326 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. ^ 320 

Erebove creta patre sive Erinnye, 
Vastove sub Chao nata. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

35. Ast ilia, missa stellato ccelo, Dei 

Messes colligit ubique, 
Animasque, reconditas carneei mole, 
in lucem et evocat auras. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

36. En, viator defesse, et infrk despice 

VitsB terminum viaeque. 
Vide quo labor iosa vestigia 

Hue, ecce, omnia tendunt. 

No. 30, 29, 30, 29. 

37. Hybla, funde totos flores, 

Quidquid attulit annus ; 
Hybla, floriLim vestem sparge, 
Quantus campus Ennse est. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

38. Deus, laudes in Sione manent te, 
Hie, castis sacris operata, tibi 
Gens vota tua solvet, victimisque 

Aras imbuet. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

39. Quique tarn prsesens supplicantClm tibi 
Secundos exitus tribuas votis, 
Gentes petent te mundi sub utroque 

Jacentes axe. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

40. Tu, potens rerum pollens validisque 
Viribus, catena stabili firmas 
Tractus montium, jugaque inquietis 

Procellis tunsa. 



41. 



No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

Tu maris, agitata ventis nigris, 
Componis terga ; rebel les cohibes 
Motus gentium, placid^que mutas 
Tumultus pace. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

12. Ultimi rerum signa tua norunt, 
Et pavent fines, coruscis quoties 
Flammis turgidum fremuit sonoro 
Ccelum murmure. 



^ 320 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 327 

iNo. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

43 Tu solum terrae, imbrem sitientis, 
Invisis laetus ; gravidaBque nubis 
De sinu, fundis genitale pigros 

In semen agros. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

44 Alveus, pleno semper tibi amne, 
Turgidus laeta novat fruge arva, 
Campos floribus, virentes nemorum 

Recessus fronde. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

45 Tu maceras rore leni sola contumacis 

terrae, glebas subigisque, 

Sulcos ebrios amictu viridante 

Inumbras messis. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

46. Qu^ feres gressus, annum renovabis 
Frugum fertilem, vegetansque foetus 
Per valles cavas saltus riguosque 

Humor impluet. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

47. Pauper tugurii {apoc.) colon us gestiet, 
Comitans capellas distentas lacte ; 
Colles mugient, et sylva, arnica fessis 

juvencis. 

N0..28, 28, 28, 14. 

48. Spes cupidas aratoris fovebit 
Fluctuans latis campis seges alma ; 

Ut canat tibi feriatus festA ; 

In umbra carmen. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

49. Quid frustra rabidi canes petitis me ^ 
Cur premis iraprobum propositum Liver .' 
Sicut pastor ovem, Dominus regit me : 

> Nil penitus deerit {syncBr.) mihi. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

50. Per mitia pabula viridis campi, 
Quss amoenitas teneri veris pingit. 
Nunc pascor placide, nunc latus saturum 

Molliter explico fessus. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

61. Rivus puree aquae leniter astrepens 
Restituit robora languidis membris ; 



328 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. ^320 

Et spiritus recreat blando fomite 
Sub face torridci solis. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

52. Cum peteret mens vaga devios saltus 
Sequens teneras illecebra,3 errorum, 
Bonus retraxit, denuo me miserans, 

In viam justitiae pastor. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

53. Nee si luctificci manu per trepidas intentet 

tenebras mors vulnera mihi, 

Formidem pergere, te duce, me pedo 

Facies securum tuo. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

54. Tu accumulas mensas epulis ; merum 

Tu sufficis plenis pateris ; et caput exhilara 

unguento : conficit eemulos 

Dum spectant anxius dolor. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

55. Tua bonitas nunquam destituet me, 
Perpetuo favor profususque bonis, 
Et non solicitae domi tuae longa 

Tempora vitas transigam. 

No. 40, 40, 23, 42. 

56. Tecum alta Virtus sedet laurigeram 
Frontem decora, et Veritas filia, 

Cui vultus fulgens immortale 
Radiatur purpureo igne. 

No. 17. 

57. Pogtffi veteres fabulantur Protea 

Fuisse quendem, qui verteret se in omnes 
Formas, nee posset contineri ullis vinculis, 

dum nunc in liquentes undas fluit, 

Nunc stridet flamma, nunc ferus leo rugit, 
Arbor viret, ursus horret, anguis sibilat. 

No. 41. 

58. Unica gens hominum altius levat celsum cacumen, 
Atque levis stat recto corpore, despicitque terras. 
HsBC figura admonet, nisi terrenus male desipis. 
Qui recto vultu petis coelum, exerisque frontem. 

In sublime animum quoque feras, ne gravata peBsum 
Inferior sidat mens celsius levato corpore. 



§ 320. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 329 

No. 29. 

59. QuaB faciunt vitam beatiorem, 
Haec sunt, Martialis jucundissime ; 
Ager non ingratus, perennis locus. 
Nunquam lis, rara toga, quieta mens, 
Ingenuae vires, corpus salubre, 
Simplicitas prudens, amici pares ; 

No 29. 

60. Facilis convictus, sine arte mensa, 
Non ebria nox sed curis soluta, 
Torus non tristis attamen pudicus, 
Somnus, qui tenebras breves faciat, 
Velis esse quod sis, nihilque malis, 
Nee metuas diem summum, nee optes. 

No. 35, 34, 31, 35,34,31. 

61. Gaudio pectora pulsat 

LfBto cor trepidum ; lingua avet tuas 
Promere laudes ; spes bona tacite recreat corpus 
Tu viam vitae reseras : 

De vultu tuo fluvii laetitiae 
Manant ; tu tribuis gaudia munificd dexterd. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

62. Qualis per silentia nigra nemorum, 
Vallesque irriguas, et domos virides, 
Fons placidus murmure languido serpit, 

Peragens secretum iter ; 
Paulisper vagus, atque agens exiguos MaBrandros, 

sinuat se variis niodis, 

Dum tandem, fugam celerem praecipitans, 

Maris gremio miscetur. 

63. Talis per semitam tacitam devia 
DifFugiat aetas, non gravis opibus, 
Rauca jurgia fori non experta. nee palmsR 

decus sanguine um ; 

Cumque tenebrae instant et lux brevis occidit, 
Et satura ludo, et laboribus fessa. 
Membra jacentia mors lenisque sopor 

Manu placida componant. 

No. 16. 

64. Quae canit altis ramis, garrula 
Ales clauditur antro caveae ; 
Huic licet pocula illita melle, 
Dulci studio, dapes largasque, 
Cura ludens hominum ministret, 
Si tamen, saliens arcto tecto, 
Viderit gratas umbras nemorum, 

28* 



330 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 'J 32(V 

Proterit sparsas escas pedibus ; 
Sylvas tan turn requirit mcEsta, 
Susurrat sylvas voce dulci. 

No. 11,36, 11,36. 

65. The same Creator gave to the sun his rays ; He gave to the 
moon her horns ; He also gave inhabitants to the earth, and stars to 
the heaven. 

I lie do radius Phoebus ; 

Et do cornu luna ; 
Ille etiain terra (enall.) homo 

Do, et ccelum sidus. 

No. 28, 35, 28, 35. 

66. The sea is often resplendent in calm weather. Its waves being 
unruffled ; The north wind often raises in it raging tempests, The 
waters being agitated. 

Seepe radio tranquillus serenum 

Mare, fluctus immotus ; 
Saepe Aquilo tempestas (synon.) fervens 

iEquor (enall.) versus, concito. 

No. 25, 36, 25, 36, 25, 36. 

67. Whoever shall wish Cautiously to erect a house that shall stand, 
Should take care to avoid the sea. Threatening with its waves The 
top of a lofty mountain. And should shun quicksands. 

Quisquis perennis volo 

Sedes cautc (enall.) pono, 
Et minans fluctus, 

Mare (synon) sperno euro, 
Altus mons cacumen. 

Arena vito bibulus. 

No. 25, 36, 25, 36, 25, 36. 

68. The former of these situations the south wind Assails with all 
its strength; The loose quicksands Are unable to bear the pressing 
weight. Remember to place your house on a low And firm rock. 

Ille Auster (epithet) 

Vires totus urget; 
Hie solutus. pendulus 

Pondus recuso ferro. 
Memento figo domus humilis 

saxum certus. 

No. 25, 36, 25, 36, 25, 36. 

69. Although The wind roar, Agitating the waters and covering 
them with ruins. You, happily screened By the strength of your 
unmoved rampart. Shall serenely spend your days, Smiling at the 
fury of the w> nd - 



^ 320. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 33 J 

Tono quamvis, ruina 

iEquor raiscens, ventus, 
Tu, quietus conditus 

Feiiciter (enall.) vallus robur, 
iEvuui serene (enaU.) duco, 

Irridens (enall.) ira (enall.) sether. 

No. 35. 

70. Orpheus, the Thracian bard, bewailing Long since the death 
of Eurydice, his wife, After he had by his mournful strains made 
The woods move, and the flowing Rivers stand still, The stag fear- 
lessly drew near the fierce lions, Nor did the hare fear The dog be- 
fore her, that was now rendered harmless by the song. 

Conjux funus (enall.) quondam 

Gemens, Threicius vates 
Postquam modus flebilis 
Curro sylva, mobilis 
Amnis cogo sto, 

Jungoque latus intrepide (enall.) 
Leo saevus cerva, 
Nee timeo lepus visus 
Canis, jam cantus placidus. 



No. 35. 

7L When a more violent Passion burned within his breast, And 
the strains, which had subdued all things around him. Could not 
soothe the sorrows of him, from whom they proceeded. Complaining 
of the cruel deities. He went to their infernal abodes. There, bring- 
ing tender strains From his harmonious strings. He weeps, and 
moves even the infernal regions, And with a sweet prayer Solicits 
pardon and favor of the gods of the shades. 

Cum intima flagrantior 
Pectoris fervor ureret, 
Nee, qui subi^o cunctus, 
Modus mulce;> dominus, 
Querens superi immitis, 
Doraus infernus adeo. 
Illic, sonans chorda blandus. 

temperans cariuen, 

Defleo, et moveo (enall.) 1 ajnaia, 
Et prece dulcis venia 
Rogo umbra dominus 

No. 35. 

72. Cerberus, the three-headed guardian of the entrance, stands 
amazed, Captivated by the unusual song. The cruel goddesses, the 
avengers of crimes, Who are the authors of miseries, Are now be 
dewed with tears in sorrow. The rapid wheel hurries not rounc 
The body of Ixion , And Tantalus, a prey to long-continued thirst, 



332 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. ^ 320. 

Heeds not the waters near him. The vulture, while he is delighted 
with the strains, Tears not the liver of Tityus. 

Tergeminus stupeo, novus 
Janitor, captus carmen. 
Sontes, qui malum agito, 
Dea, ultrix scelus. 
Jam moestus madeo lacrymae. 
Non caput Ixionius 
Rota velox praecipito ; 
Et, perditus sitis longus, 
Tantalus flumen sperno. 
Dum sum modus satur, vultur 
Non traho jecur Tityi. 

No. 35. 

73. At length the monarch Of the shades, commiserating his sor- 
rows, says, " We yield. Let us give to the bard as a companion 
His wife, redeemed by his song : But let this condition accompany 
the gift, That it shall not be lawful for him to look behind him, tfntil 
he shall have left these regions." Who shall lay a restraint on 
lovers .'' Alas ! when near the boundaries of the realms of nighty 
Orpheus looked back on his Eurydice, Lost her, and was undone. 

" Vincor," tandem arbiter 

Umbra aio miserans, 

" Dono vir comes 

Conjux, carmen emptus: 

Sed donum (enall.) lex coerceo, 

Ne, dum relinquo (enall.) Tartara, 

Fas sum flecto lumen." 

Quis amans lex det .' 

Heu ! prope nox terminus, Orpheus 

suus Eurydice 

Video, perdo, et (asyn.) occido. 

No. 28. 

74. The mighty labors of Hercules render him illustrious : 
He overcame the proud Centaurs ; 

He stripped from the fierce Nemean (ellip.) lion his skin ; 
He pierced also the Jiarpies (volucres) with his unerring darts. 

No. 28. 

75. He took from the watchful dragon the golden (ellip.) apples ; 
He dragged along Cerberus in a three-fold chain : 

The conquering hero {victor) is said to have placed their cruel 
Master as food before the fierce steeds of Diomed. (ellip.) 

No. 28. 

76 The hydra was destroyed by a burning (comhusto) poison ; 

The god o^ (ellip.) the riv?r Achelous, maimed (turbatus) in his 
forehead, 



PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 333 

Hid his face, covered with shame, beneath his waters (ripis ;) 
He -aid Ante us prostrate on the African sands. 

No. 28. 

77. Cacus appeased by his death (eUip.) tne anger of Evander ; 

And the shoulders (ell.ip.) of Hercules (etlip.) which the mightjr 

(altus) globe was soon to press with its weight, 
These shoulders the boar (setiger) of Arcadia (^ellip.) stained 

with his foam ; 
His last labor supports on his shoulders the heavens. 

No. 17. 

/8. When all thy mercies, O my God (Jehova,) 
My rising soul surveys, 
Transported with the view, I'm lost (mens haret) 
In wonder, love, and praise. 

No. 17. 

79 O how shall words with equal warmth 
The gratitude declare. 
That glows within mv ravished breast ? 
But thou canst read it there. 

No. 17. 

80. To all my weak complaints and cries 

Thy mercy lent an ear. 
Ere yet my feeble thought^ had learned 
To form themselves in prayer. 

No. 17. 

81. Unnumbered {qiuB nuLlus cequat computus) comforts to my soul 

Thy tender care bestowed. 
Before my infant heart conceived 
From whom those comforts flowed. 

No. 17. 

82. When in the slippery paths of youth 

With heedless steps I ran. 
Thine arm, unseen, conveyed me safe, 
And led me up to man (<svum maturitis.) 

No. 17. 

83. Through hidden dangers, toils, and deaths, 

It gently cleared my way, 
And through the pleasing snares of vice, 
More to be feared than they 



334 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 

No. 17. 

84. When worn with sickness, oft hast thou 

With health renewed my face, 
And when in sins and sorrow sunk, 
Revived my soui with grace. 

No. 17. 

85. Thy bounteous hand with worldly bliss 

Has made my cup run o'er (sat superque tm 
bedrit copia,) 
And in a kind and faithful friend 
Has doubled all my store. 

No. 17. 

86. Ten thousand thousand precious gifts 

My daily thanks employ, 
Nor is the least a cheerful heart, 
That tastes those gifts with joy. 

No. 17. 

87. Through every period of my life 

Thy goodness I'll pursue. 
And after death, in distant worlds, 
The glorious theme renew. 

No. 17. 

88. When nature fails, and day and night 

Divide thy works no more, 
My ever-grateful heart, O Lord, 
Thy mercy shall adore. 



No. 17. 

89. Through all eternity, to thee 

A joyful song I'll raise ; 
But, O, eternity's too short 
To utter all thy praise ! 

No. 25. — 10 Lines. 

90. Little cricket, full of mirth, 
Chirping on my kitchen hearth, 
Wheresoe'er be thine abode. 
Always harbinger of good. 

Pay me for thy warm retreat 
With a song more soft and sweet ; 
in return thou shalt receive 
Such a strain as I can give 



§320. PROSODY LYRIC ■ KASTTRES. 385 

No. 25.- : 

91. Thus thy praise shall bt • ;.. ised, 
Inoffensive, welcome guesi; 
While the rat is on the scoui, 
And the mouse with curious snoui,, 
With what vermin else infest 
Every dish, and spoil the best, 
Frisking thus before the fire, 
Thou hast all thine heart's desire. 

JNo. 25. — 10 Lines. 

99 Though in voice and shape they be 
Formed as if akin to thee. 
Thou surpassest, happier far, 
Happiest grasshoppers that are ; 
Theirs is but a summer's song, 
Thine endures the winter long, 
Unimpaired, and shrill, and^lear, 
Melody throughout the year. 

No. 25. — 10 Lines. 

93. Neither night nor dawn of day 
Puts a period to thy play ; 
Sing then, and extend thy span 
Far beyond the date of man: 

Wretched man, whose years are spent ^ 

In repining discontent, 
Lives not, aged though he be, 
Haifa span, compared with thee. 

No. 17. 

94. The spacious firmament on high, 
With all the blue, ethereal sky. 

And spangled heavens, a shining frame, 

Their great Original proclaim. 

The unwearied sun, from day to day, 

Does his Creator's power display, 

And publishes to every land 

The work of an almighty hand. 

No. 17. 

95. Soon as the evening shades prevail, 
The moon takes up the wondrous tale. 
And nightly to the listening earth 
Repeats the story of her birth ; 
Whilst all the stars that round her buriii 
And all the planets in their turn. 
Confirm the tidings as they roll. 

And spread the truth from pole to pole. 



^^^^.^ 



3S6 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 

No. 17. 

96. What though in solemn silence all 
Move round this dark, terrestrial balij 
What though no real voice nor sound 
Amidst their radiant orbs be found, — 
In reason's ear they all rejoice, 
And utter forth a glorious voice, 
Forever singing, as they shine, 
<< The hand that made us is divine 



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